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ΪũҵΪ֮ڣȷũ??

ݽܿѷ־1881 

1

1841 괺Լ?̩վͳڼ䣬һλũͷ Ӵװǵ׵ĺӿʼ򡰴档ũֽ?ӽй?·ɯ?Ǿ Ƭδİȥʱǿطġ߽"

Լ 20 ǰ?Ķӵ?Ħ?ı߾ ؼ鱨棬ġ԰ͬʱ 1821ΪһūݼЩ¼Ĺ£˱뿪 ϷЮǨСв˹塢塢塢塢塢˹塢Ƥж ͸׸塣1827 ꣬ǽһСȡǣСȻԵõڵʱǳ֮ΪĽܿѷصһƬߵϡͬ ϷһǨ˵һЩ壺ϣķ˹ءĲء˸ɭŵ¡ŵ³šƤƿˡˡʿͻأм

Ǽũ򣬾̸ֹ޻ûܹ˴ ʶĿʶȻҲʱ;ʵ,ֻǰʱ׼Ƿƶû˹ϸУ ЩȴʵļͥͷĹ?·ɯһǴڿݵűֽ͹ߵľϣĴӣ 汣?׸ӵдūӢĶ.ЩǨͽߵĴոͰ˵ĺᡣǽͽ ˣͬ˹?ѷһҲΪڴ ϵ۵ѡΪˣǵżݵġϺ ³?ܿѷǸһǰĽܿѷǸһͬոͰᡢһλڰ˹ɽ ͳܿѷؾģҲ¸ҡֱŭƫĿǳ÷Ƣ⻹йִ ϵոͰбһ䣺ԶȷΪ֪Ҿת䡣

ǨЯšʥũߡǹʿԼūǻڿɵĶ˰̼ʽĹִΨϵۺͳʶǺǵ汲֮ڱԶ ĿԼʱڸǺͿɸߵҴҪ˵ġúʵʵڵĸоֹ

һȺͶߺ͹¶ߣмǿĶʶҶͬҳϡ ǻӶΪ˶ݼأһڽܿѷشԭǴ?ǨʱЯӺ 12 ӣ˹з? ǴǴлģӱ 17 Ůڵڶλ 8  87 ʱλ˻Ľܿѷ ػûһõģһԱ 1 ְӣЩ˳дͥҲԴͥĲƸũĲƸ ̩ͳ 7 Ů54 ʱȥٶȽ飬 7 ӣܹ 15 ӣͳ¼

? 10 ֵãӹ?·ɯ 12 ֵã λ·˹άԶĿлءӵ 10 ӵĹѸϣ?̩?ķ˹ǵͬ磬ĶڽܿѷסźҲ  1845 ǰݡһڴשװһֻƤñȥɷһñͬемū Ů֮һ??ķ˹͵͵˼żлصһСӡСаɭ?³ţ 11 ֵܽá

޴֪ʱź͹?·ɯ?Ƿʶķ˹³ żеˣΪûκμء

е˶ͬķʽִԽҰǿ ·Ǵ·˹ά͸ƵĶӶ£·ɭſȺӽ㴦ĿޣȺӶʥ·˹ ʥ·˹ǻرϷΪӡУŰ  457Ӣֱתĵطͣ˵ò ŢС㡪ΤǺۣǿκһǰʱ߽ΨһҪĳֻӢ֮ң

СµİϺһܡˮعأˮͨϴϵԵװϼ˴󳵡շĳľӡƥߵȣ ֻʣ׶֮أһֳӵף100 űװصĻиѶǹѧУõдʯ塢 ŰѶ͵ơ2500 ˫ƤЬѥԼӡڰļǧɫ޵ӺŦۣոһգïֻӰ߻ ż¶һƬտĲݵػһСأ¶ӰվֻڶֱۡЩ߸Խӵ̣ 6 ӢԶ 峿֦Ҷ͸ˮİ߲س

?˲?ķΰͼľ ķӼǨ֮·ǷӴ򡷣һִֻӳĳԶԶʻܾܿǡɡš?Żǡŵɡţ֮ؿǨߵ 20 ֻеһҡ

ʥ·˹Ψһһ֮ǽѷһͱ֮ ϵᣬһɫġṹʮּʵʯʯչʾһķ˹??ٲԱȫ񣬴ŵĻߡ˵ֵ 1000 ԪڵʱǸδŵ֡

Ǩ߳Կݵ֮⣬еԸǡϿ޲ɺݡͬһʹǨΪһҪϷ ˶ϣ?̩?ķ˹һūǨơ?Ҳȥūں֪ĸūӡһŮӶһũǨܿѷص˴嶼ô ūƾũ񣬲޻ֲ԰Զ˵ӵūλߵı־ǨδıԶشĺŮͯۼ ʮֿɹ۵ġһλԸнܱ?ʷ˹ūڶǸ·ū⣬˲˼ط200ūˡˡˡᷳʦ׵һʻ εϣм򻹼Ÿɫ԰򽡿ԭȥĶˡɵĿﻹ̸ǰ˼Ҫʿ̺ӵĿ ˹ӡڰˣƤԼ¹Ƥػߣνɫ߱ͷס˵ϣ?̩?ķ˹˶ɫñӶסͷϵһª˰̡ʱһοݵФ˷𱩶װڵϣФ˸ͷƤʱ˿һԣһ ׿˵αۣĺȴΪⷴӳǼ¸Ҿ

ҴֵһѰֵĻ顢ĵľºΪֱӼ ȫྭġʷĿԼ?˹?ξ 1842ϣʼǰɽ״̽Сһλ߽̽һɡǽ׳Ц;īسɹ??ʫʫĸּͽྶֻͥҪˣͳԺĳֽ ƣѩѣǴڻ֮С꣬ 1843 ꣬Լ?ղķ˹?¶ŰҲˡ1846 ļʿٵһλʷѧҸ˹? ڡɡŵĴϱߣһ޼ʵĺɫˮնİɳ𾪡Ǵоʵؼ¼һΪ ǺͶոССдֹر任źһɵߵĵ̰ӣһһγһµĵ̰ӡ 仯ֱˢһ߰ϵĹɭֱ߽ߣ۵֦һ˵˵ܵƾ ¹ΰ۶ϵɼ̵ɳ̲ϣ֦Ȩָ棬ʱǳʱԽǵĵù̴ִһ˲Ǹ ½ص㱻еһ顰ĮվĵطҲ1846 죬ɭ?³˿Ȼ֪ʲô ԭеģйذɭ?³ŵļ׮ͬѰļ ֮һҲƱ

λ³żҵһܿѷضӵ˿̸Ĳࡣȫ ǰɭ?ϣ?³šӢոͰˣǼũĸ?³ŴԼ 1800 Ӹ Ҿ˵ 1812 սзۡϣǶƺڶ³ũׯ󣬶³ũׯڿһп˹ٲ Ľ·ڴׯСºͣԹ֮ȴΪ ָȻС5??ķ˹ȴ˽ΥĸԸִ̽һλѻĽΪڣķؿһٹǶ͹Ըĸϣ?̩?ķ˹һ 1846  7  24  ?д˷ţ顪һŮִʵģ˵ϣ?̩?ķ˹һֱä֪һϢ ϣʳѵŮеһȰ𣿡

³?³Ϊ޷ܲö֪ҵһϣΪ?ǡޡΪ³żҲռū

 8 ѮѻλҾУǴƯʰɫĺש񻹴š֮?ġ³ƺġ塱ϣһٹõĸףͷع﷢ĵһһº󵽴? ǣܻӭĸ׺ͽǱ˶ϲȰߵصж˵ֻҪܺһĶҸʹҲһ˵ֻҪҾͻе??ֻҪ⣬ҿڴ

õĸ׵ףһݻ񡪡ķ˹ һкɵŮūĺӣ򸾴ӵһλһũׯλԼ?˹Ǹᴫʿʦ ҽȥߵصͼӡڰ˵꣬תͶ⡣һЩӵĴ˹Ӻ ӵĽʳشһ³򣬲ҰĲش㽫Կ˹ǵĴЩó׾δǴ̸λõƣ ÿһͼ˶һĿȻġͨεʥ·˹°¶·˹άƥȱΰġȻ·ӡΣԽ չȫĻﻹͨʥƺͶոݵ½·㣬ʮҪܿѷ ͨڶżߣĸɿݲԭһֱɽܿѷص?׸ 1844 һΪԭóס飬 һͨʥСָϡ߰Ѷͨ򡰺ɭԭ ۡ

ʵϣСǻʺ󡱵Ķĵһ֮ ھ;;էߣ·̵ꡢ̡ţĴУֵӵ֡ǰոݵĴ󳵶дţ ǹƵ쳹ʥƵţɵī̶ﲻǽôѴѵī˵ĲƷ?һҵ ܿѷص괺죬һ֧ 22 ţɵĴʥ̶Ӿ˵ý˼ֵ 20 ԪĻ񺣸۳һҲһء

˹?˵ţĿǣܵվһȺ Ⱥòǿĺӣ岼ͣŴʥ??Щţһҵĺӣڲš

19  40 ǵĹ̶˿ڴԼ 700 ˣڴκ һ죬ܿѷ㳡ܶ㼯Ŷǧˣ㳡ĴƯĺשɵ¥һ㳡Χм Ƕ¥ġŵݡΪᣬֻҪ˲˹һŴ 400 ˡţǡԭġ롱˵Ĵ󳵿ԾסԽԭ κϿĥһкķ?ɺˣ˳ͬ

ĴΪṩԴסеһķᡣ

Ȼ˵ػΪءܿѷһ ߵҰﴺʣϴĺӿ˹׼ʶСӺӡбԴڽ¡ʯʯĿƿ ݵԼߵïľȥһϼأסһŲϤľĵطǲ˼ģ˽޷Զ ϰߵɭֵĵط¾ӡܿѷɽҡͩҶÿĸƷ֡ϲĺ ǣȲֺͷݶľĽġشب޼ʣʤաԭĲݡָ̡ ŸָɢŷҷҰҩݣõ塢ͷ߸ݡѩ 10 ӢɫĲԭ緭Ҫ 6  8 ͬţƥ޷ʤΡ Ǻ 2  6 ӢߺЩӴ20Ӣߡ дָһ?׸ڿºһ ơΧֵĸߵȫԱġ԰󲿷ϳ˵Ѿ⣬10 ǰƬ԰ѳΪ º͵س֮ΪĦ⡱ķԴأ쳣ҡ1831 ꣬ǵ꣬Үջ̻һСǲͽ˵أؾ ֻǿһȺ޶ĿߡȻʵˡõأӱ߽һؾӵغһڶɿڣڶǿӻ겢 ȫһұֽЩ۷ūơûǾ͸еܵǵвڮǡҡа͹ʳܣܵĽȡǵĺǿȥЩͽѱ߽Ǳ߾סڿ˹ؽӡڰ˳ɫеͬ䣬ǿػ߿ڷ衣µǱΪ˵ͼǵ֪ʹͷ Լɪ?ʷ˹ܿѷΪʥָΪǵ֮ǡ

1833ļͽƺҪ＾ѡ٣ΪǵԼռȫ˿ڵ1/3 1000 ˡ¥ٿȺڼᡣǷ˷ŭ ۣʽĦŽͽܻӭһȺں֮ĦŽͽӡˢһĦ ͿϰͲճëʥ֮ҹһȺȫװϮӱߵĦŽͽؾӵأŮͶͯšǵľٶûκ ɣֻΪǳƵҪׯں͹Ȳֱջ٣ǱϵʩԱ̢ܿѷشڡµɧ֮СһγͻУ3˱ɱ

11  12 ҹճһߵشδۣΪǽĦŽͽƬصס1000 ˱뿪԰ɹӣϵϡٵĵܵصȺֻǴ˿ǿʼ𷴿ݳ?w?˹ Ƕǵһλϰ塪ۼΪ˹ڵ棬ĦŽͽ뿪ݣ򽫱𡱡

һڽս༴ ݵĵһսˣֱĦŽͽ 1839 뿪ǰŵʱ

?Сͥ 1841 ִʱ¼ѳΪջƻ Ȼ 1842 ꣬һĦŽͽɱȻһǣ ?w?˹һǹЩҪȻ ܾȻĺȴһƽ񻹺ܿʶȻ򲢲ºˡ 䣬ѹֳƣɳܣºʹ̹ǡ һũռе˽ܿѷ˵ĸܣ

伫ˣҽûɻ̫ˣǽһ죻 ڴҲ䣻ܲХһսִ䣻ر??øɲ˻˶öڼû˳ţ伫??

仯޳һжˡСʱ֮¶ȵ 50ȡҪôҪôʪԶǻȡ1844걬ʷĺˮľʰεض ɥ

Ȼ˭Ҳûָߵصһ˳һũǸסź͹?·ɯ?һʲũׯũׯӲԶڿ˹ڡ 1844 ꣬ ںˮԵʣǵһҪԶӵһƬߵع򹫵صҪǹõĵ룬Լڶ 16 Ӣĵطλϣĥ ؾӵظһֲԵĸߵأֲ׺СףҲǷ볡һƽһֱ˹׼ݣκһ ߵ

ǰطҪ 80 ӢĶأ?︶ ǹصͼ۸ÿӢĶ 1.25 ԪΪ˻Ȩסһʱ䣬͹?·ɯšһǹһѸ ͷһ̺ͱӡǰ붨ӵĹ±һഫǵӱ?·ɯȥ 70 Ӣλڿ ٵذ칫빺صľԼκüֻդ͹ľΧɵªȴšӽɺ? ķʱѲӤСͥ˿ڣŵĲҵҲٳɶࡣ 6  ӣ?ɭɯס?ɯ?׺Ͱͬʱ˸أ˷Ӻ͹Ȳ֣˸ʱ ׾ݣǾֹ类ѹ塣Ȼһ֪һһũںƥӣһлأתö֮һҿԭ ҵռ˴أսܿѷصı׼ĲҵΪһСӸ潲?ﶼܳͣ͹?·ɯĴ ˵ȣɭ??³żֱĬĬš

? 1815 ɭά򸽽Ŀݵлأֵ³?ܿѷ°¶սдȫʤŸʱ26ꡣŸ?Աݵһμӹս ĸǡ?ŵ? 12 šٻˣƲı·ǿڡ ָ׳ǿ棬ڲ˫٩ɽʹŸеȤ?·ɯԹ

ͬ뿪˲һȲո˺Ͱ˻ ѪͳĺᣬҲǽͽǵ¹˵ĺᣨڱ YoungƴٸJungǸʵͽ ЩȾڽ̵ʦ˳ֻ̬ȣ˵ÿ˴ĵһܾܻؼҰѬݵϡζ 

 1838 1 µĵ 2?·ɯ?׸顣?· ɯո˺Ͱ˻ѪͳĺᣬǿĽڵĳԱǳԶĽýɭά ǿطȨǲ?ֿϵ游ǲ?ֿξ

ĵһӳ 1839 ꣬ڶԺ󣬼 еĴ˵ӵĳ˴;չӤ?·ɯӵһͷŨܵĺ췢ԸȽƣڵʱͺһУ ûбԹʧȥġǶǡǸǿŮ??ᱻκŵһ 1856 ꣬Ӥûܻ ʱѽ 40 ꣬ʱı׼˹꣬˵;ḻδһ롣

ָӴ󳵶У¹?·ɯٳһм񡣵 ״еȷʱȴֻ֪֪սǰȥΣһԼ1846 ꣬һ귢īսĦŽͽ뿪 ŵκ;Լɭ?³ŵִǣǺҪһݡԶڹģϿ׳١½·ͨ 40  80  ŷ˻гɣÿһ䱸 6 ͬţԼϳˡһĳΪ 90  100 Ӣߡʱǳ복֮ļԼ Ϊ 100 ӢߣЩӿڴԭ3ӢΪշλλƵЯһͭԶػֵɹۣ൱ 3 Ԫһ˳൱ ۡƺɵʱ˿ղʱԼ̡

1850 ꣬¼ڰĲƲ 5000 Ԫ10 ĲƸ 10 38 ʱһλ̣غͲƲļֵԼ 5 Ԫ˵ӵ5000 ӢĶأƥǼ۸񰺹ĴϰŻʵ ߡʥСӶǳʻȻԽӣŵũׯֻмӢͨǴ·ʱŴ ӣһñ˸Ӷ׳ļʱµļһʲôʲôġ˵һ 1500 ͷţȥݡ;ȥһʱ䣬;ʧȥ 500 ͷţȻ裬½ڵĿĵء ʣµţһռ 4 ӢĶصĴ˵Ϊһλϻ˻ծְˡһΪѻծ빲 ˡ˫ĿڲŸŮ£ŮְЩ´ഫ

1860 ꣬żʻ 40 ǰݣΪṩ ⡣κǺǵע⣺

һһԵһ1860  8  16 հġš׫˵ һǰһںÿԶԼ 6000 صĻ 6 ţš?? ĿǣһԶǽһõķ??ţȥǳã˵·û¹ʻԭʧȥһͷţ

κǵĸٳĳԭܾܻʱҵ˲ ķ?ŲմףȴҲǹûԱ˵ܴʹӦȫɽĽʹ˫⡣

ʱÿ궼ǧƵǰոݺʥƣΪṩ ѯ;豸ⷽҲú1849  1850 ǼԽȺڶͷȻСĽ׶ȴ ȥΪ˳˲Իҡ1849꣬ŵݡһ 101851 ٶС1854 ꣬ 7  11 ¸ɺ꣬ȫضûջׯڡԺļһֱɺȡ׺ͻҡ1857 괺죬Ϸʧȥ 9 ĺɯףûмءͬʱڿ˹һڴڵūһµķ籩ںܳһʱԽܿѷؼ˵͹ Ӱ졣

2

ھס˵ϱսǷڹϿ ķҪ 1861 ꣬ǿʼ 1854 ꣬ʱͨҪĿ˹ڻ﷨ÿ˹ڻľоǷӦ ū 1820  1821 ġЭūݼһͬʱ򣬲ֹ ߽磬γ 3630ԱūʱȥЭ涨ĽѲڡּڻžƵ·þ෴Ч

ʹ⸴ӻɢ߽ıʧū˿ڡ˴Լ 5 ūūһ롣ܿѷؾ 3000 ūǵ۶ֺ̬ȣʮ־ ߣΪūܣװūҲᴳ뾳ڡūū˶Ҫ⣬ҲĲƲ սԵÿūĽǮֵҲȲߣһū 3000 Ԫ൱ 500 ӢĶء

Ϊ˹ǽĽ㡣ŦԼݲԱ?H? ֵڻʢٷһݽ˵ɣūݵ??ǽΪ˹ĴŮضչϵ۽ʤ׸͵϶ǿ һƺΪ˻ؾĻǧ֧ūƵˡǵһλ쵼˵ôЩɱ˹׼иķūӡ Яǹ֧ʿϯ߽磬ͼ˹ѡٳһ֧ūƵ

ϸķūӦӶµʹ ڶеС˹ǻǳȫװ֧ūƵġλԱͼԿźϴֻķʽжӵĺʱū߱㾭° ½·Խȥ̯ʱȻڱƽ1856  5  22 գ߽籩 ͽϮ˷ūڿ˹ľݵ˹һλòҰصͷΪ¶ˡʱѵµ˹Ķߣ Լ?ʡļִĥ쳣Ĵ󿳵ںϮڲԱߵ 3 СľݡǰϮ˹޹ͬūƵ5˹˺ͺӶ⽴Լ?

ƣϵ۵ּ⡣

ūһѡиոڿ˹סţ˹ Խ߽߳ʼǵݻɱ¾ϱսڶǰ꣬ⳡµı߽սǲ۲۵ս Ϳ˹Ľ紦ȫչֱڰտ˹ͶϢġȺӵ½Ϊ̶ֲȿȡЩ ʱͷʵЩеĻʧĶСղɭʿһ￰˹֮ͽūλԱ ӣΪǶɫƻ֣λеġѪȶհɭȺ֫ܺߡһӡ͵Ϯֹĸսÿ˵Σѣ޷ĳ򱻷ٻ٣İ˹Ϳ˹Ф򶼳״ӵͼʧˡ

ڵʱǺδʶֲĳ̶ȡҲʼû ״󲿷ˡ?ūһֱģλԱ֮ձΪ ˵һȺִǹ֧󱭴󱭹ʿɾƵȺåһΪ˹˸ɵӢūߵĻһ׼ȷ˫ ˱Уܺƽաһλ˹˺˵ģħ˱߽磬ϲǶ

ܿѷسˡٻٵĵūλԱղɭʿ һϴٸʱסĺ?񷨹ۿԼũׯջ٣һɡ⵽̵ɱٳѪԷ յĶӿƶͶԶλͷĿ?һλĽܿѷҽΪĶǲμϷ˾ǹɱũԼ?˴ʱסӻԵ޹ʵسͷһǹλӶܱ 1 ְӵһػ߿˹и?λǹڶţũׯջ١ǲǷūӣҶ˵֧һλԱ ǹңõ

һζ֮ս 1862  8  11 ǰһ ں֮źų㳡һ֧ƷϷ˾һ˯еӪеĵڶսһҵս϶ 죬ȻϷ˾ʤ

˷ָͲˡıǿݵ˹ɱ ɱɡǶıûڽܿѷأӰߵ͵صïܹľСڴūĿУú ڽܿѷ˵ļУսΨһдɫʵ·ĹϲŵĻʵڶڲɱ ʼ֮ǰδϷʾͬ鲢ܹǵ

1863  8  21 賿ոոշǰʱһ֧ 500  Ķһ˺ڳ죬ڿϮ˿˹˹ʱԳ˯Сɱõöǹ˲ ȫջ١º 150 ˺кɱ¾ӼⶼŨ̴ӷٻٵĳա

ܿѷزλԱϵź͹?·ɯҲ ⡣ǵŮ?޸һղķ˹??˹ˡǽ壬Ƕķ??˹ǱߵĺȺ֮ ǺϺͶ³ĳ衣

ʱһеĽķ޵Ⱥ衱Ե˸ ķ?ޡĴºšڽܿѷػĵһļͥԿʼʱõϷ򸾵ĺøСȻ 1857 ꣬ķ?ŵ ľưɱһˣǸİˣֻǾüķĳ಻˵䡣·󲻾һλ뼪ķ?һǰʥƵ˻˵ ƽʱ̸ͣЦȴϲŭ޳һƢǸʲôܸɳ1859 ꣬ڶ¥ܵУ ŵоܵ˹ңͷţ򣩽Ϊؽʱ 16 ꣬ķ?Ǹʱ Сӡһ˫ڵ۾͡ǿȳƵġơ

սʼķ?޾Ͳͺıȶ?ɭĺ󳾣ʾҲɱ¾ Ⱥá˹һұֽȪʱдǱ¶̵ķԵԤСӴξ?H? άжԼ?άҵڵʱʷǰϼͬߵصһ౻ ֮УĹɱӵĹ´ഫʱƣЩ¼صһЩϸ©˻ñĸΪ ȫȡڽµԼʱͶƩȵġ˹б족ķ?Ǻʱϴũľͺģһ˵ 1861 죻;ȥջٰ˹ʱ򣬼˹ɱ֮ǰһ˵ ҪһЩսոʽ 1861 괺졣ȷʵ

ŵʱԶŽг;ȴӹɵģſΪ Ȼ֧ļҾͲѣǵĴ?ﵱʱҲڡϷ˾Լֻй?·ɯͺ ǡⳡս˲ĵħغ˵Ŀղķ˹??˸ģò㲣һݳ ɫһɤ̶ʹžװҲһӡȻڲˣǸȵͶҡһҹ֮ͱһͱ˵Ĺ ͵Ա³Ŀ˹ѡԱоһսǰϦﻪʢ٣֯һ֧ߵӱǲ?ֿϣһҹ ʵʾסͳĶԡѹΡսʿǣ˼ǷմֵĶһߣʳƷϡߡ˿ ϡߣʱҲ̧߲˶֪ķ?һĿӣ˹˾¿һɫ װӴ·ʱ?·ɯһ۾ϳ

ս 35 1902 ꣬·ɯ߳һʽⱨ棬ᵽ 5 ͬٵĴ 5 ݰũׯһ 1861  5 £Ϊ׵ߺͻٻƷһһ¼¼׼ȷĻ ֻ 15 ͷӺ 13 ƥֵΪ 4525 Ԫⱨ߳ǰ 󣬸ݹ?·ɯ˶ԼٵĻ䣬ԼĿùʱεǵĶγľģµĿ˹ ɱ 400 ͷʲȻֻλõ?·ɯɣֱĥˮݡŰ֡ һЩʿԺĥʱ⣬ַƯı

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һ 1863  8  25 աסڿ˹ǡ ǡϣĥɣɽ͹ɭάפ 1 Ӣ֮ڵľ֮⣬סڽܿѷ˹ͱصƽ 15 ֮ڡǨڵס ֤ҳϲõפָӹٵ߿лԽǨ˹뿪ڵʱֵһ ݾջ١

2˱ϳ˼԰һھͳ֮Ѿ ʣµֵǮĶʰߣȻһѻ˷ݺׯڡһڸӵдĲҲ̶??һƬߣ Ů˺ͺӣЩ²塣еĲУеϵĴϡŶϵۡһĿõĲ״𾪵ǻ? ?ķսڶǣܵķ߿һΪ11Ļ򽫾һ뿪ǵס

һƺũׯ᳹ò۲ۣһǰ ǩַȫֻһţĲƲСɯ?׺ǵñҵظ˹ŵ龰ҡҡڰڵĴţ沽ά رϣȣ·ϳ

ڴڼ䣬ɭ?³ŵľȴҪõöࡣҲǩһ 顣ͬסڿĶ³żһֻ֧֡ĿǰϣûбѹٵԼ?³Ŵл طдͬһͥԱǼطֳɡЩʱ򣬰ɭͼ˴Ǩ أǰ߲Զսȴûвɭڽ̣ԸȾָ̣Ҳ˶ѣʶոƽƽ عżӵһںūũׯƥ˻˶Ϊˣǵʱϡ֮Ļķ˹ ĸŶ³żСĺǶ׵ʵϷ˵һ֧ӣھӼץ׳

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ǴûһūһλΪǼҼ¼ʷ ˵Ŀ԰ɭ?³һҺǵūкøС

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͵Ǽķ??˹ڿ˹ǿһҳԶ С˾ĶĳΪĻأһֱԵɵʽֲٲȻ˿ŵĿ˹еƦå죬Զ ǹѶͲСǹһɫ߱ޣѳ ı־סڶǣһһȺҹ͵Ȯ ȻԴû˸ԹǸڳˡǾ뺢ǶеĳжԡںǸħÿִ ޳ˡڶǲ̵ɱˣǿǹΪˡݱһղķ˹?Ƥƿ˵ľ ֳָĵϻƨɣʱ˹ 9  3ıɱߡ

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ķ?޵ʬ屻̧ŵᡱľưɣһɱ˵ĵط ڴƤƿҴһӵȴǶΪķ??˹ľ죬ȫصĴﲢѡʱ ȫʤͬʱ˹幫Ƥƿ˲κΡ

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סԶũռ 600 ӢĶؾñʯդĸߴʯ ʯǽΧơƺսʧȥļҵðкüƥξŮһƽĸߵϳ۳ңȹ õʱ⡣׶˵ѧţ̣ԶҲȥ̣ûѧ

ȴѧ˿Һǹüɨʱܰ ɨȥԸļУʹõݴǡáãпǶٵпǶٽŮѧԺǸ硢ľ ڵءʱѧϰ滭٣鼮ɽ?ʫȰ

Լ 5 Ӣ 6 Ӣ磬ԸеȸڷһŰ׾ Բ˫峺ɫ۾ֱӿ㡣ĸףͬ һҲԴǡ

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ĸ??³ǰ 1879 ȥ1881 ʱϣ?̩?ķ˹Ҳţ 93 ꡣ Լ?³һǳα߷ڿ˹յĽŰɫᣬƤףɫ¡Ƥѥ ĺɫͷͣ޼޿ޡ˵ʱҪȡˣΪԼ߼С 5 Ӣ 4 Ӣ磬ٰ 2 Ӣ硣վ ԣŻ߿֯зװͷз֣ʱеʽƽ 档ִԼļϣ۾ͬһֱע

͸ŮĽһôƵĺľƵױ ̨ԴʯС塣ҲûӵйƯļҾߡ

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ԼĽ?ɯ?³ǸϴŮԼĸ׶Լ סһΡĬֱĩգľʹ࣬˵á

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һ 1884  5  8 ա һϷŵְѺӱߺĿӤ߸߾̫£˵Ӻýʵֱ 1 º󣬸Ҵŵֱߵذ칫ҰѺӵĳ յǼϣǼʱӻû֡ȡмʱٺԼ¼˭ĸ׶еΪѡֻеѡĸSûκ壬ȿɴֿɴϣյĵһĸ ո˺Ͱ˻ѪͳвټʱҲô⺢ӵĽǸɭֶȡģй

ǹ?S?³š ӶĬٵķûʲô䣬ΪԼ?³žͰѷЯȫٴαϣڹɭάһũׯ ҽ 7 Ӣ֮ңԹ?³ 1885 4  7շԹɭάһţʱﻹꡣԼĽ?ɯ˵没ˣƢǲ֪ôźá Ĭⲻ⣬ɭάĸˣΪ³żסʱ̣ꡣڴڼڶԼ?ά άǸ丸׺һ֪ϷٵԼ?άάȡģǶάά

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Ƕ³żҶȹһΨһԸ㡢ԣӡ ˼ǷḻʳƷƻɶӡָ

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۾ſʼʶδļ˵ Ǹʱڡ

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3

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ͷ׾ݣӵнǮƣ ԼûʶڸάǼ̸ǮƸҲԴΪ

һ˵ĹһʱӲжǮ˹ٷ?˹ ػ˵ԸƷԶǵһλġûһӵдд

ֵǵĲƲ˹ؼҲ⡣˹ؼҵͬеһ ǷծȻȸά˻øĶñ

?ʿŸߵĿꡣ

˵ӵһĻһ콫 ܶˡڿ˹ǿһ 75 ԪĴ¡Ṇ̀

ҲͿסڶˡ 1911 ʥǰһҹд У¶͸סծ̨Ҫ͸¶ȥ

˵¸ԭǻծΪĸ׸һƯķӣ ԭΪӮñġ

Ļ΢⣬νġɾ͵ʲôŬ

ʾɡ˵?˹Ϊֻеһ һŮṩӺݻʽʱŮ˷Ǹ˼Կ

ǡ˵ıΣĻźš

ʮֿʵ׷Լ룬֪ 硣?ƲƶƵҲ֪Ƿܳ ΪԼ˵ǡ

˵ص֪ĸ׺ĸࣨʿ˱Ҳһ λϵĸʦʱͶѧԺ

̹ʵظ߱һ뵱ְҵټģҺ̫ ֮ǰǮùˡ˳˹ӡҲʧȥ

ҿ?¡˵ֻгڿǰʱܻȡԸ ſյʱųǸ??

Ϊ˷ݹس϶˿СУͨ ˴򽻵ľ飬Ȥ󡣡֪رģһǮƱ

þʡʱ㻹ͶȡɣӺˡΪҲԸ⵱ũ ڹƵɻ֪㲢ûΪԼڶѱ

˵ˮեɡ

ǹָ֪ҲܳΪͼʽ ѡΪԾ˵ĳ궯

ͬάȥϴݣμӡڰ سʡһ·ϣڴ෴Ļϵ˳Ǻţɵ

ϣɵϣǰīȥأξһȻ ;ȴĿˡ续塱Ļ𳵿ºӹȵϷ

ӽʥʱһʺ磬͸ƺüﳤ³ жԱ˵ŲʺߵľͷΪҾþͷ˵һ ء

дŶ˵ϲƺ̫档ǹ ׿ʼԡװı˿˿ϵͬһ˵ֳƺ

עĳνԶǡҳϵĹҳϵĹ

4

?³ũׯȹͷũҵĻƽʱΪũ Ʒ۸һֱȲһֵũʱڡСסɲݣ

ļ۸ߡС۸ 1912 ߵÿʽ 90 ֡Թ ˵ζŲϵءÿ쳤ʱ1912

ļһ 죬 12 Сʱѽ 300 ɲװһڻᡣʹ

еԾһ죬ƻʱҪˡϣ׿ ƵԣҪٳȥѻĸɲݸϡźڸɣ ״ 14

Ӣ߳ľ壬װľѹڸɲݶѵĶϡ һ£ܹ 32  14 Ӣ߳ľ塣Լ?³ţ

ʹǵһ 30 ͷӵ 82 ͷ 1913  9 д˿

һ˵ҲС۵þ˵ÿҿһ  100 صС󣬰ְֶһͨ??ȰСĻ£Ѹ

ݲɶѡһǵĸɲԴ 600 ĸ״̸̸  400 ӢĶСճɣһ˳Ǳɡ

ڿ˿дʱ׳ϳ˯ȥ ֱæòƽֵøɻֵڶǺͿ˹ǣϻҪ

ĹûдšȻûмְԼ ũׯʧȥȤϾвһιûϻ

ҹʱ׻û˯ȹϵϡΪ ӿ϶׶༪١Ϊұ˴ˣ˺Ҹû

ϻʱַƢ???ĵûûҹɵĸ סԼͨڶѵĹϵ׼λʢϰ벿

·๤άҲһ֪һϢ ·ά޺ͱɵ˳еԼӣҪôȡ͵

ʽҪôΪ 6 Ԫ˰һַʽûûˣ ļ๤Ǹÿֻ 2 Ԫı꣬Ǹ˶㲻Ĳʹ

߱˿֮ҪݹȫεȺʹȻ ˵ֻвſ뿪ũׯ£ Ӹ档

Լ?³ŵϼ๤󣬸άΪ³żҡ ˲ؽǮҶΪԼǸ˺ͺھӡ˹ٷ?˹

ػʱ˵ģԼ˭Ƕɡ˹ؼȣ³ ܴ׽ʱľ˹ؼҵũûж³żҵĴҲ

ҵĺã˹ؼȴO?V?˹ 8 Ӷ˴ ѧ˹ٷ˵ʼղףũׯڣҲׯڡ

Ȿȴ෴

ȻԼ?³ŵļල£·ߡ{ֻ} ׾İ·޳һˮƽ侢ͷũɻǾһѡ

ȻԱ˿˵·ĳɼѡְλͽվ ˵

ǳһ⣬˵ʵҲܵ 尾׬Ǯ֪ǮֻܸЩ㣬̸ϸ˼ֵ

ʵ֡γջ塣ǰӪĳЩ εҪ̬εԾһ ˼ţ

ʹѡĿջ̰ܻ߲ǵͷ ԣʹʧȥѺͱһĲô˵ǮҲ

ȥѡƱ͹ְͧΪɹĸ˶졣 ΪֻҪ㻨ǮǾǰҵĳɹߡǲÿ춼

ʲ˻˻һӶ˵޹ʹ

еΪֻҪλӸְĿĴڷն߳ ˵ڳһ֮ģģﵽ˳ɹ۷塣ҿ

Ҵ꣬ΪԼٮٮߡΪ˳Ϊ̣͵ײϣΪ˴ﵽϵ Ŀģ͵˽ɵϣҪôͳ䵱ȨߵĹߡΪİ

ŬɣһҲ˲ƲȻףֻҪֹͣŬ

޷档λӦĲ췿ѼѰܣ˵һ¿֧

1000 Ǯˣҽ˵ñɵҰġλǮȥ

Լ?³ſٵһұֽΪܿѷġʹӡ ʱ롰顱Ǹ༭ӣȻδóѡΪ˶

οҶ˵Ǿ仰ǿңԿǶΪµ˵ ǶԼһξƢ˽ȴܸˡ

ǹܹСƢº͡Ķ³ţ ǽڷͥ໥ڦΩƺܺͼ˸ùϵǶ

ܸ˵ϻǼͥĵˡ

1913 ＾Ͱڵάֳһ ӡڰسʣߵñԶ˶򼸺

ô߾ɴáϲУһΡڴᰢ ˹ĸ?ŵƬ˵Сʹ

ڣ1913  11 µһ죬˿˵Ҫ˵Ļǹ Īﾪȵƿԡ˿д˷ŵԡ

ͬ˽ﶩ顣ãȻ֪룬˷ܵϲ񣬳־ Ʊ˿һᶨɡ˿Ǹ˼

˵仰ĿڣΪʼջһ ߲Ų˼顱

ڿ˹ǵһԼУ˿ȥ?ɣɭ ?ݵ¸硶Ů䶯ǽķ?

дġԶҡƯͷںڵǳ֧ ʱס˱˿֡

ҸǣһҪǣ ҾǸҪ޵ʱ ԶңԶ ãã˺Уѡҡ

Ұù󡣡һĲ뵱ɴݳ ٵжǺζʱ˿Ƿǵ뻯

һĬȵǣ˿д˵ˡ˵

Ұһŵÿһֶÿ 40 顣Ŷٸд һͬһŰɡǲǸðŷŽһֻ ĥ𻵡

㲻֪һͶƸУǲǣʵҸܷḻҾ ҿֽдҶô㲢ΪǸɫŮɵ

ȴ˵ڡ

ұ챿Ц??ҪΪʲôҲĸԸ 뿴һ۾쳤ŮСӰ˹ؾʿʲôΣȻ

Ҳܰħֵ߾ȳҲܰŻ¥бִҪ 뺣ʱ㸡ˮϰԭҺħ֣㣬ֲӾ

ֻȥ㹻ǮծȻʵңһֱС ¶ȷͨͨˡغãദ鷳??

ĸ׻᲻ϲңΪҵһԱ

һȷǸ⣬Ϊ˵?ʿԴɷɱ ˡķ²ֻ˿ܻȡҪ˿

Լ?³ȱ˹һ˿ŹС㣬Ҳ Ǹܺǻġһծ۵ũС˵ʹٳ

֮Ժ㣬ֹţ׷˿ǰҲǲֹ۵ġ

ŵһ˶Ϊһ˻˵ʿ̫̫ һҲ޳ɣ˵㲻޸ǸũСӰɣ㲻

κγϢٳɴ£Ҫֹ??

ÿιñ 219 ţѵؿ뱴˿ ȫͬ硣ʴͼĲ÷ɫĲ³̺

ƯĴϺصĻߴᡡʳõƵ桢 ΪƶҹĻԼܴŵʺʹ֮Ȼ

ֶӳȻͬʽҼǰȥ˲һ ӾܱϳġһĿǶԱ˿˵ֻС

ڵȼϵԲ죬ͽʯɽļѣҲ ôġ?ʿκһѱ˿ߴߵ

вȡʲô̬ȣʹӸӻ

ʿȦһ 60 ԵʱԼ£Ц˵ ģʿ˵ȷù䲻ϱ˿Ҫ֪ʵΪ

ϱ˿˸ûС

1914  3 £ĸͻȻҽһλרң߾ ڹʵʩʱﲻòվڴԱ߾ú

ƣĿĸ׵ġ١ϱг˵־ԸԺǧ 

Ǹظ߱˿֮뿪ҡдû˭ ĸ׵λáϣܳꡱ

ǰֳļǿǷϵǲ ȷ֮ܺһǮһγĻ һũ񿪵

T ͸ơȿľٶͶӵĸ׿ν ޽Сûκù˸˲ʹ䡣ⲿγ

صĲƲʮġһжϲγȻȴ Լ

һ 1911 ͺŵ˹ƺɫ 5 γ?˹ร ڿ˹졣ֳֻ 300  4

׵桢 װáߴͭߵ粣Լͬ𳵳Ƽһǰơ ܿͷ֣Ϻõ·ÿСʱɴﵽ 60

ӢٶȡǮ˶ ֳ³ۼ 2350 Ԫ 650 ԪҵķҪ

ˢ֧Ϊĸ˾ķüѺľҵĲ 潲ⲿγһݳޡ650 Ԫ֧﹤һ

нˮ´ࡪȻȴΪ 650 Ԫһǡ

񡱡ȻǸάĵһ˽˽γȴƯġ ǣ?طƶ?Ǵ˶ûô߼ĳӡ

Ϊʰһ·ɭɽٶȷɿ죬δɽǰ͵ù šɭɽǵ鳵Ӻûĳء

˿̹ȥɣҵʱֿ࣬ ǡһݳڶǵϣͷһ

ڵñӣһྻġİ׳£򿪣 ˭ҲΪǸС˿ĸѳ

ⲿɹ￪ӱߵһ㣬򿪵ո ˮȥҰ͡ʱﻹǵ¶硣

ʱͯʱһȺѡ˿ŵ⣬б ˿ܸܵ˺ԼõŮ?غ÷?ɪ

ĳȦӵġҶվڳ񣬹ÿζ ǰþͽ뱴˿ĵܵν÷?ɪ˵Զ

һѡ˵û﷢ɧɳ УﲻϲС

ɭҲϲѳǷ۹η궼ⶵһȦһ Ϊ￪ȥĪȪά 80 Ӣصһ

ϵȪءҲҪ롱һȥǵʱ ֣

ȥĪߣԱ˿Ǵֵûζʱͷ Ҳһȥˣһ·˳磬ۿ쵽Ȫʱ¹ʡȪӢ

ʱײˡɭӺ۵ǰ˵ͷϡû ˣֻǹɭֿڴҰ׮ϵڳᱻײ

¿˳Һһ 6 ӿʼҿſ 5 Ӣ·

ˣ·滬һͿڳ˷ҲΣҼֱ޷Ƴķ ɭά 5 Ӣĵطֱһȥǰֶײ

ϡҸɭ˸绰Ӧһǰ̥µĵصһ վֻаӢ·ҺǶ̥ 1 һֱȵ 8

㡣 ̥ŵôҲװϡ꣬ҳһĵ

ũǴҹһҹڶϣק ǰһҰ̥ʱװ˷򣩡Ϊṩס޺קȴһǮ

ɭάʻԱ 5 Ӣҵĵطݽһˮӣû ˮָֻɭά绰һѳ˳ 5

Ԫ һũдһٷ 3 Żصά??

?ҪѧﲻԸ˵ֻýˣϾ Ǯ踶ġѳײǰʱллأ

Һûײʯϡ

 3 µʱﹲ 5000 ӢԴ۾ʹ ޱľˣλ鹦衣ȻľҲ

ڰʾ·ȥ޳ɵġõ˿? ʿһŬų֮ϰ

ãĸʾһʹܸˡʱ Ҳšù￪ȥ·С·ж

д

1914 ģսŷĻʱԼ?³ŵľ һٸﲻҪԼԼȴƣ͹

ƷСִӲһһʯͷ·ϰߣ ԢƵĲʾۿˡ

ʹȴͬһܾ¶Ͷʱx Ƭ ʾĳ衣ҽֻ·һ

ʱѴᣬҲѿ

дÿоΣ˵ãʵͷ̧ ˡﵣĲ񻯣ʵ

ĳ˽Լȥ˹ǿҽĹߣҽ ޵Ķ֮һйˡճüչԱ˿˵

󲻳ʧȥô졣֪Ѿ 63 ˣ ʮ֮˾׶༪١

︺ũĻӹ·ÿ 4 οԼȥ Ա˿˵˹ںԣġŰҼȡ

ʹħİףҲܳɾִҪɾ͵顱ʱ һ仰Ҳ˵һ̬ùȥǡ

ʹջԾո 200 ӢĶӱϾҪġ

Լ?³ŵ 10 ڿ˹ǵʿҽԺС˿ȥ˻ ʹĻϲԼûʿѻӵֱпή

¡Լص֧Ų˶ˡйľ Ϣֶߣ׷׵̽

˹ٷ?˹дһǵһ磬迪ȥ³ ҿԼʱҶ˵³˶ˡһǵð

ݵӡԼسԼеʧߡ Ŭο˹ٷһ˵ҸԼǸھӣԵ

ã飬⻹һļͥԶ ̸ԼʧʱҲڳΪʱ뿪׵Ĳ齡

1914  11  2 峿Լ?³ǡ

ҵʱߣ˵һֱ߹۲ ˸ֶʱȥˡ

ʱڶ³żҰ﹤Ĳ?ݲ˵Һ͹ﳣú磬 Ƕᣬⳳĸ׺áɣͼ弦

︸ҲҳʱȥףͻȻ ֳſ˵ȥˡ

άѧУͣ˿ΡǴȫظ³ż μʽǵ T ͽγͺĳųһﳤ

ǵġҡԼȥ˱ǡһλֱ֮ һʬڿ˹ǹϵĹأ¶

ź͹?·ɯ?ķӨڡ

5

ũһֱ˵սܼȥС۸񻹽 Ȼ8 ʼ6 ¾Խʱ߾աеıֽ

սţ?ɪд ӵ˵ǰĹǴҲһвⲢǶǵ

ȫũԣǴʺ͹̶˵˼άʽЩھ г˵ںս첻Ԥϵ??9 £

¾ԽʱֱַڵӣӢµĵֿ ЩӦＫȤΪʷУսӢۣ

һμӹӡȻսֻδᣬԸ ֮˹ȥ֮Ҳû漰ʷĻ⡣д˿? ʿ

1910 дĵһſʼ̸ľ ֱӹϵ顣Ψһ 1912 ?ѷѡΪͳͳ

ѡѷԸ޸?֮ͳѡлʤĵһˣ ҲǹĿеΰˡʹŷ̬ķչĹעо

ֽ֮ĳϵĻҲδ͸¶ֻ ߱˿һΡӷϿյһܷɻϵסҽ

Ժܼʹޡ

ʵǣҪĵ¡ú˵ũһصѹ ϣȫĶ˽ȥ1915  4 жԱ˿˵

Ϊֹ׻?? 6 ˵أ 7 չ һ졣ֻܰҹظɲܱ֤ճɡծ

İ﹤Ϊɻ

ԵŹ·๤ְֱ 6 ºһڶǾ ռϷ磬űż 2 µ 8 £˸ά

ֻϣΪѹһλΪȱǮĹѸ ֡

丸ȥÿų𴲡˵峿ǽС˼ ʱ⡣ 30ũѴ 8 ꣬ȹһ 1/4 껪

ԾǿҵذżˣһؾӮñ˿?ʿûʧȥ ĬУ˵˿ٸһƬԱ¥¥¸һš

ÿ춼¥ȥģʵ̫ˡȻȴǰ 겻ʹũչũƷ۸Ѿߡʵ

һڹϣһή٣пܳͬķ չ

͹ɭ浽ÿ˹ݣϣղͶ⣬ Ȼͬǰһһ񡣽ֽ˶ݵһ

пԱ˿˵Ҳڶһ˼ɹˡ סһ巿һ뷨޷Ƴʵ

֡ѹǵľɷʧ޶òΪ ұ볥ûծϢҵֻȥ

ĸĹ˾ 6 ˽ʱĸ׵ľǰ Ըơǹ˾ӮңסũׯũׯܴǮ

ϷϡԼ?³Ź֮ǰͲòٴ ѺһʿΪ˸ҽķãﱻȰòŸ㵽ļͷ

ոţ͹ɭΪпԤ֧һǮ ʹάάΪջάάΪõѾ࣬ӦðѾũ ϡ

֤άάǶԵġпǹľеһγԼֵ֮Ĳ ܡ

пڶһпĬ˹ĵط·߲ Զά 192 Ӣʣͨĵ·ǿеģݹ

ƣֻҪ˹³̥Ѳ˳Խ 4 ӱߵ͵أ7 Сʱ ܵ￵Ĭ˹һ˻ȥ

ֱǸط1916 ڴӿĬ˹һд ֻҪһ꣬ˮ 6 ӢеĶûɲ

ֶǳȲˮҡ¶ڴž ͶСһʡһҲӵһƽγ

ʧ֮ǰԱ˿˵ҲһһҹɸⱲ Ҳе졣

ΪͶ˼Ԫûֵܺϻһ ķ˹?˹Ǹάһũһǿ˹ǵԱ

н?ɭ˹п֪ʶ͹ǰԷΪ THC ˾ڿĬ˹һ￨пǰڵ

ƲϿʯ 3 ϣЩʯǴ칫˾ķá ҵʼǹ͵ĹͷǸƭӣһ

ж˼ӹʯˮԴ豸˹ϡͬʱﻹһε п͸ά֮䣬ͼͷĹ

?ɭпճҵ񲻸Ȥķ?˹˵ άĹȲ׻ճɻҽ󣬰ѹ˹һ֮

һ־һҡڲڵ־ʱ ˵һΰĴִŵĽΣеʦͷҹ

ֵԱһǸµġӹ١δǶʱ ͲġȻܾ䡣ҲԶ߱֡

жԱ˿˵?𣬵﹤ǲԸһŮ ˵֧ʹ﹤ȥ󣬹ﲻò°гҸϡ

ԼǮ1916  5  19 գڸά Ѱһ󣬹еӰʸ˿дһ

ȥδšʼΪŴʧϰԣ

пˣҳ˱ǹɭˣڶϱӦ Ƕһ˵ġҲӴ˴δкܿ츴ԭġҵûȥ

Ϊҵðǻ衣ҪΪЩǩ֧Ʊ˵ˡ ׬ǮʵڼѣֲòΪ֮ǶżûһǮı£Ҳ⡣

ҽʹũׯάԭ״ֻҵʽȫڹ??Ҳ һŵŵһǺ˰ڲǿ˻Щ

˯һþû˯ĺþʮضԱ˿˵ ǰƵĻϣܡ⣬Ϊ?³ŻǱ

ڱµĸ?߹뿨ɭʵʧߣ һʿΪȼü֮ʱ˿ǷԸΪ

ͬһӪп

 7 ´ӿĬ˹һд˵ҲԶǻ  110 ȡҲػԾÿϷɸͣ컹ǲӬ

ǷǺķս۵ʱ

ĵףӮɣԱ˿˵ϵףˣΪп ҵһС 8 ֶԱ˿˵

һöָ־ñһ飬ΪýǮָ Լ˵־ռʮҪλá

̸ڿĬ˹˾̣Ϊǿ϶һ¸֮ ·

1916  9 пرա11 ʱڿ˹ǵһ칫 ʯԼ⡣ܸ?Ҫ?ɭ

ԼڿĬ˹Ҳ϶Խ˽⣬ ֡˴Լ?ץסҪʱ׮ĵ

3 ϻ˴?Ħ˵ʵеĶĲأð աԡĦǶݵһʦʯˣԼ

Ϥһʶ

Ͷ 5000 Ԫ 5  1000  1 ŵ 10 µ֧Ʊӣ

ݺͬʽ롰?s?³ŵĸסɯ?E?³ ǩ֡شҪʱ游Լĸס˵

֪游 3 ܴ죬ÿֶɽ𡱡游Ǽͥ ִ£ǸӲ˵ͷӲӣǻȡ İ

ǵʵȡĦ͹˾Ħܲáɭۺ͹ء ˾⣬ӡ˹˾żϡһλв˹صĲ

Ա˵س˴򽻵ԶΧһȺˡ ԱˡģȵȡĦΣʶ˴

ĸж³

Ȼƺûгɼȴеõ ҹ˾Ʊı˿˵׮ˣҾ͵õù

ҲûԤеŷ޵Ĵսɭȴָ սơ׫дһֽ˵ҹұȲս

ͺ͸ԭͲƷ϶ṩӦ󣬼۸ĳ ???

ĦȷţƸڿ˹͵ÿ˹ũ档 ˾ 3 ݼ·˹˼ǧӢĶء 1917  4 £

?ѷսսǵûĦ͹˾ƣ ʹ䵹աûʯͣͶ߲ɣ˾ֻùŴ󼪡

ֻǺŷ֣ڿ˹ϲȥһɵ̲һ ضʯͲ㣬ڵһ˾ϻ˾׬ȡ

 ˿ͬͶҹ˾һͶǮȫ⣬ƺ

ƽ֡пܹ˶޷ȷ˵ 1.1 Ԫ ˵ 7500 Ԫô˵һʲٵĿǽ

ծгеĿ 1.2 Ԫһ˽Ա˿͸¶ġ ôǷծŴﵽ 2.3 Ԫ1917

ũׯѺ  2.5 ԪżȻˡ

ʧľɥʱǳͳصĻũׯ ͵ѺΪζŰȫСϺͷҿԾ׬Լ 4000 Ԫ

ʱձĹ˼ֻͥ 1000 Ԫرõͷ 7000 Ԫ ³żȻķꡣ

⣬ũʱȫڶ³żңɭ 1916 ȥ ǲȨٺͺǡӽǮֵĽǶȽ

һʲƸ1916 С۸ִ¼¼ÿʽ 1.65 Ԫ ѷص 1917 ÿӢĶۼ 200

Ԫҵũֵ

10 Ԫȫڴ˵ļǮٸûĴ㣬 ʹ鷳Ҳû׹һӪòھ˵ģԭ

Ƕ³żǳɫũ

ͬһʮ˽İ?ŵ˵һֱͶ϶ﲻһ ӵũ񡣶Դ˹ҲȻũһɾ 10 ꣬е

ӦĻҪࡣڶĿĬ˹֣ũ п֮Ըѡǰߡ

ũ£Ϊһαľᵽʱ Ļƣһõʱ⡣ũʹӵжʱ䣬

ҪϲЩʱ˽츴һ긴һ 糵ʹʱȥ˼˵ĹҶ

񶼽й˼

౨ֽһֱڷܹϰ ߡĸ˵ũ˹۲ֱÿ׵Ŀ

˵ũ͸ɱһΪ֮

ġʿ

ΰðգҲˡ

Զξ?³

1

ݸάĹ?³ų˴ӿ˹ǵһЩֽ ϲ־϶ŷսµϢ⣬ⳡʹ緢ޱս

Բعġ⣬زս˶ԴҲ˵ʲô1917 괺 33 ꣬°䲼ѡ۷涨䳬ꡣ뿪

ѽ 6 ꣬ҲԶԶﲻֵ׼ĸ׺ ƵΨһˡΪũҲũİְ

޵?ѷͳ˵ȫũάϵսĳɰԼ ˡ

ȫڼȻѷ 1917  4 º սʱ𣬹ԸѡμսҲ˶תۡ

ѹũչĸ׵ƽ?򣬹ʶҲ ˶˾ޱ䣬ֻ赭д͸˵ǰ ˡ

ѳһƯŮЦ̬ᡣЩΪ Ƕ³żģսʱһż

һ߻ñ沿ı͸żǿҿ ˾Ӫ 28 ꡣδ飬ûϳ޵Ըϲ

ߺ󣬼򼸺ûʱ֧ԼȦҲڸά ǵĸм縺ڹϵķպ

ҹܿ컹еʶ¶ʱ ȷǺܴĴ˵͡Ϊ

Ͼ˼˴ʲôĺ͡óȻȡж ?Ϊе㽾Ϊġ

˿?ʿľķӦǽɻ顣ȴ ˼ؾܾˡ˵ܵؼʱǸӻڽ˵ۡ

ֻܵطʱٰ¡

ڽͲξĶʱͬǸǧ Сӵ뷨ͬС졣ȻϲǹڣûκʽĲҲ

ûðա׮ܵҪɵ¡սһ ˡҲԸӱܱ۵ų򡱣ʹ

۾ʹδ飬Ҳϣ͹ػ˶ڴ ˵¹ûӵһսսĽ

ָտɴǵõʱáΪصԵǷʲô ?ѷս˵ʹȫġܹ衣

ѵܳΪߵԶһӣǰŷ޵ġһߡ

һߣһߣ

һϢһߣ ˾Ҫǵ??

ﵱʱڸϵ׼ܺͳеĸ

ټϻ㣬÷ü԰ĻȼաȡںܾԺ һʱʱǿ˵ͬķӦһǸΰ

˶ܵͬһ֧Ĺ衱

Ͼʵȴǣδⳡµս˴Ѹٵ⵽ ɱ¾һΪ˽ֵǹԶǹܼڡ

ɻ̹ʹͳĽ̿ϵսԼսϵӢΪμ穡1916 ꣬ 350 Ӣ𱱺ʿ߽ս 200 

Ȼɱ˲пᣬս˫ȴûƶһءķս۵ʱ  1916  7  10 £ڽ 4

µʱ¾ ϱս 4 ڼս1917 괺죬

顱齨һ֧µڱʱӢնһ нǰƽ 7000 룬 5 ļսߴ 16 ˡ

ձΪս̫ãⳡսܿܽȻ  1914 ɱ긴һؼţһӢո

¹˶ɳ?ѷսݽеһ ʵ˵ЩΰġȰƽϽʷ

ԵսǶôֲȻⳡսϱսƣ ŴƯľźƮ׳Уڷ˵Ǿ

ĿںšǾԹ𺳹СΪİȫ ׷ױξǼĻѷ׳ɽӵ˵

?ź˵ʱԼ·ǡ׷ҮʥĴ ʿԶ˵ҸҵҪʱҼʹ

޵龰ʱҾҲֵˡ ʹΪһ鱥±˹รͿʺ

ɫ¾ڿ˹ǿȥվжδ ˿˷ܹÿһ춼Ŀꡣ

˳¼˹ӣ齨һ֧ڱָ Լ F ڱеʿȴѡΪξӵʱϮ

սķʽɴѡΡһǼ£Ϊδ ѡʲô١

ѵ 5 ڿ˹ǵĴϺͻڿʼУֶ վ֪ĵ 2 ҰսڱӳΪ 35 ʦ 60 õĵ

129 Ұսڱʱﲻòһν顣ѹ ·ߣҽ鿴Ƿ̴ܲƽ㼰

ȱݡܵάά˵ͨ飨ά ά˵۾ĶͿˣ¼ļ

ǣΪ 0.8 0.04ζŴϽ Ϲġ

ͬһ¼ϻ 5 Ӣ 8 Ӣ磬 151 ȱ׼

10 ±ƽ߸߳ 1 Ӣ硣Χʱ 33 Ӣţ

ʱ 37 Ӣ磬Ŀ ʱԶͷѵִ﷨ָӹ˶

ϤԼ?J?˽1917  7  4 գﴩ žڱ˿?ʿſڣҫѥ̺Ͷ̱ʱ

1 ʦҵĻжӲ衣

9 £ǰˣһƬ´λڵƽԭӪ ڿӡڰ˾ڣڶͶٵҪ

ԲûһͶС 20 Ӣ￪⡣мͺ⣬ ƬؼӲĵƽ̹档Ļ𳵼Ӣ֮ܿӪ

īսӢɽ?ģ 800 ־Ը ˾ʷһԶʥƾ뻪ֱά˹ ȫ

3000 Ӣ;˼֧˵īӡ

5  45 ִ𴲺ţ6 緹7 ѵʼҹޱȣ ҹͣغХǳ䡰಻ԡ 10 µд

˵عȥ䣬ɡֹ˷ɳ50 ֮һ 㲿۾ͲﶼɳӡҶ˵

¾ͬͣԸѶø¹ˡ˵ÿ ûӣǸеظˡ

ʵʲô¹ﶼǸˡ˿ ġ˵ŵøûʱа˼ƺ

ָʹ鷳Ůˡһ˵ûҪ ϱŮˣΪֻͶֻӡڰˣҡ

ȡ¿һºѸ˵ȫг? ˹Ͳ?׵˹˶ܵҲûϵΪֻϲһ

ַǾķ񡣡

ְʿѵⷽȶεľٶ ࡪںͲ 3 ӢھĻڡԼϰù

ƽ˼άͼ㡣ȥھʱԴѾϤڱε ˼ǡǰһ壬ɽľڵסԼ??

ڻǡǹڵӲ??λڵڻȺ ֮ڵĵмûκϰڱμԱÿ̻ѵ

ϣʱѵм顣һվĶߣһվ ǸĲ棬ֱ۲̧ͣ£һĳ˰ֱͦ

ӡĲӰչ涨ٶߵ÷ǳƯ1  120 ÿ 32 Ӣ硣˵ѧξ˵ı£᲻һ

Ϊ˶ⱨӦ

ÿǶۼһ𣬽ܻںҰսƶȵġѵ սı档һٵıд

ѧ˷ǡաʱαװµķһϣ սһӢУıдŶԱ˿˵УǸе

ΪսҺĿһ¡ܸʲôĴۣ Ҳܴʷǰľлʱش¼??

һ 24 СʱġʵսϰУսһҹ״Ŀ ķ 75 ڵڷѵڼ䣬ѧ˴

֣Ȼνġݡ 10 ӡ1918  1 £һ ɴѩתѩ͹δǿҵı磬

游ڴƽԭܵһСһ¶ȶȻ ¡ðӲþпԾסȡů¯

ǹȥڴƽԭӡڰսʹ׵֡

2 µһϴһ죬϶Լǳǿ׳Ϊһ Ҳûۡһջǣָӡ

Ӧְ⣬ϼָɹ︺ŲСǹ մˮ̡̲ݡЬֽȣã˶Ӫس

Ϊҵĸ?ɭҲӦμ 129 ڱߣʱפ ڶˡǵö³ξǡӡľ֮һ

ΪʹС׬ǮӵСⱾһϻˣ »?Ÿɭǰڿ˹ǵһҷװ굱ְԱ

˸Ÿɭ̫˾ӪСذ߱˿ ׬ȡȫɡȷŸɭܣһ

Ǻʹؾͳϡ

ǡŸɭ˵ÿﶼŮѱ˿? ʿдţҲҵ˲¬?ɭķдһ??Ȼҽǣȥ

ʱҾͰŷȥ˹ŪӪأ жһװһС޵Сͨɶ³żʻ

Ÿɭߣܿͳ˾Ӫһ󾰹ۡ

ΪСÿһ˶ 2 Ԫ̼ͳＯ2200 Ԫʽ𡣶³źŸɭ⡰ģɹۣչѸ͡һ׬

500  900 Ԫһݺһ÷ꡣ 6 µʱ ɹСϽ 1

Ԫʹ³źŸɭԶ ҲΪǼֱ޷еľٿʼù￪

ЦΪ˵̫С׫˸̫֡³źĬ

ӦΪҾ̫˵ı¶˵ һǣﲻһٵı׼̭

ʱ˶ڴ˵þҪȥµһУҽ ûͨͶ粻ֱ֮࣬ҽ˵ö˲

֮ΪֹԱ˿˵£ҵĿڲó οƽҡ

˼˿Ÿɭ˵ 12 ֶһϣ ڽ 30 졣Ҫܼ 30 ӣ 40

Ҳν ˷ɻص뱴˿һȹһСʱӪغдֱ

ʱҲʶҰ㰮üֱҪ衣һʱڵû¶ ȥԼǰ̰ղʹࡣνĶż߱

˶һɺ伣״ѣֻһ ǽس֮Ϊļһʦ L?

˹?ٶһƿʿΪȡʱѸʧˡ ߸ǣаŸɭʿ͵ٶʦλ

ǹµľ٣ 3 λԶǣǰ¼?¡˹? Ȳ޽?šһλǿ˹μ T?J?¸˹صղ

ķ˹?M?¸˹ء¸˹ξµ 3 ʿǷֵһŴ ըըǳһС¸˹ؽе飬³ξ

ǵСԱŬ¸˹أж

ﻹȰ˵ϼٿ?D?ķУ޲?M? У˹ûᣬҲӰ졣ķ͵¶ У

1905 ҵúһ꼶˲ķ ˹ˣЧʸߣȴЦͬһٽҲѡġ

˹Ǹ³ʿʽĳ٣ɺܴ ʹࡣϣѡ˿ķͺˡ

෴߱ݲϣԼһ Ӧеһʡ˵ĻУ˻ֲıд

ȻҲϸ񣬵ͬʱҲԴķԴˡﾡڵ ʱ䲻ѵڼ䣬ԶҲûǴԼ

İڻѧУŲѧУѧ 6 £ 1 ̸ ҵĹܽʿͻڵĻ֪ʶ 6 »Ҫࡣ̹ƺҪ

ѻеѧ֪ʶģޣҮ³̹ѧĵȴǿ Ҫһʹ䵯ĿꡣΪ༸۾ľ

֮һǹһԭɡ

Ȼ֪ص?˹ξӢˣ ȫͬһ쿪ȷһ˷ȡ

˹ǰڿ˹÷죬ƯĶһ 75 Ԫ ֣16 ҳߣǰӢʼֲӸɹ 3 ꡣ

һ 10 ǰ 1906 ꣬ʱ˹߽һ칫ұμ ӣڰ칫칫һλ۾ж³ŵʿ

Ҷˣ˹˵ 6 £˵ʱ䲻 ܽôõӢʵڲ򵥡Ļ˹룬

һʲôĹҡ

һʷӪһ죬˹³źһξŦ ?ɭǰ¬?D?Ͻμˡھͣ

λԸǿϽСӣƸ׵?ٻе ӵľơӵľ롰͡

£ֵκ𾴡һΣҲӾ١ͳ³ŵ ξʽһݹЧʱ棬Զ³ŴﲢƼѱ

˻ȥ渽ǣûôõˡ

3 ξڱ칫һУ½ӽȣ䳹衣 ɭ 1 нȥ˹Ͷ³վŵ 1 Сʱֵ

ʱ 3 У㡰ʡ 1 Сʱֱ ʲôҲûסöԱգ𲻳ͰȻ

ȥźµѵ𲻳ôҪôǡָ ӹٽѣ

ͨߵ߳ÿ͸ѽӽ зʱ䣬˹ֻ 30 ӡ 3 ξͨ˿ԣܼ

ŵ֪ߪϼֻ֪ͨɭ⾫ѡ

8 ټ 100 ʿгܽһѵǶ

ı

ⱲҪҵİ򽻵ˡжԱ˿˵ Ұʮ㣬ҴӲôΪ

ǰϦﲻ֪ǰ 200 Ԫ

1918  3  19 ֮ҹ˾гڿˡһ·ң ޷д˿šҪȥ˰֮ǰܼ㡢

һ棬ʲôҶԸд??дʱд ݻӪ 129 Զ 35 ʦǲӣҿܾյڿ

˹ǵͣʱ»𳵣Ѱҵ绰 һİ˵򡣹Ժǵλ˵

绰ˣҪ賿 4 ӻû˺ٻԼ氮㡣 ϴ֮ǰŦԼڼ䣬 4 ס˰ϻϵ

ƽ꣬޵ʱѡŦԼ˸ڶ԰ 磬˰ϻҹջ˵ 5 ֡ǳ˸ٵ

ϵߵĦá58 ˼õĶ㡣ǻ ³ִţһй͹ݱһ٣ﱾָŦԼ̾Ϊֹ

ֶŦԼ治֮ǡ԰ݳһܱʡ ǵİϻƹڹ뿰˹ǿڴֵľ´ͬС졣˹

׶ͺշһ󿨶ƽѷɫд˿гŦԼ Ϊ̫ǡŵõн˵˳ǧġɫѪͳ

ˡ⣬ŦԼġˡƯŦԼ뿰˹ ʵС׼ˡ

Ψһ˼á˵ľɫе 50 ֵֻ á

ѷֹʱΪ侵ʦİж ֻ˹ 17.50 ԪڼҪ˵öࡣԷһ

Ϊ֮ 6 б۾

۾Ľ 2020ժ۾20 Ӣ ܵܶϲһλй?ֶľٺ˵͹ڶ

פؾͳΪѡü۾Էһ??۾ һû޲ˣ˻ʱܴͨļڶϵ

ΪǻӰߡ߻¶϶ͻȥ Ҽǵ˵??帱ľƬƵļбǾ

1918  3  29 Үգҹһұûĵ¹ ֡?ʢ١ 7000

ʿˣʱͳս һꡣ˵ڴϿŦԼеȥ

һȥ֪ΪӢֻɭξżװһ ¹Ǳͧ͡ཫҪ¡Ȼµݹ䣬

˿ĥȥġ

гһֱʮʣǱͧ򡣾 ǻӵһ֣ӽǱͧʱͲ֮κߡÿ춼Ҫڼװ

βͧѵʱ贩ž¡ϼװϽֹ̣ һƬڡռСÿ6 ټһȲӾ

Ҳδ󣬾ö֮ЩΪԸ⵱Ա˼

硣⵽ı仯ˮɫǦɫĿ Ψһ۾ճ䣬ʵ μ穡

2

?ʢ١ 4  13 峿ʻӵĲ˹ظۡպ ů³ξСǡˡ˴ǰ裬

ǸָʵǸȥֶ֣ǻ ӭȺǧһ߻һ߻Ӷӡ

ʱԶڷѴ 100 һڼǰǲ ġͷ 7  4 ţһڰıʱȫ 

1.4 ʿ˿̴ӡ?ʢ١ 7000 ֻÿµִ﷨ʿеһС֡ʱ 4 ·ݾ 12

ˡÿ² 25 ˣڷﵽ 200 

벼˹ظ 400 Ӣڶıʱ߽ʷһ սڽС½Ԫ˧??³ǵڰâҮ

˹ӶԲһЭԼս߷һģ ɳȨĵ̨ǰһ 12 ˳սʹ¹˴ﵽ˴һ

ʼǾĽһսϵĿģǰѶעȫѹ νϡ˷ָ4  12 գִ﷨ǰһ죬

Ӣָӹٵ˹?ڸ񽫾ǵÿһ ΪսǱ뱳ˮһսһֱƴס˹ս۳  3

ܣס³ǵĽ˹?𼪶Ϊս սľսۡȻԶ³ξԼǧһִ﷨

ʿ˵ʱδԤⳡս۵ԡڵǰ ֮ĿõǸƽķдŵõ˵

ģԼ硶ɵϳǡе?£ǸҲǸ ο͡

﷢֣ΪһԶľ٣ζſδ ס޴ڲ˹صһõԼסǼӵ

լۡκһ䡣˫㻨ߴᡣһɫʯ ¯̨Ϲһֻ 17 ͵ĺӣڲȻߣȴ

Ưһɫɫëޣذù⻬羵Ӱһֻϸ ʢˮƿһӵһľ³Դźⲿӵľñ

װžԼķɡ

ܣ¡ŦԼʹʧڷ õ˲ϲͣѾơ԰޼޷죬

Ҳһݣʮ̾Ա˿˵ݺύغ һǹľʹΪҡǴǺܺãҺܸ

˵뾡һŬǡдϲ ¸ҵġǻΰѵ·޵̨ƽ̹̣

ÿ 20 ·߾ľӰÿְ鳡棬ڵĹ

ƺͻʽùܴ˵ 塣˵˵ֻԸ⵱

ڽ﷽սսһ䡰Ҳ֪һŲ˵ ʳþƺͷӦоУʿнˮߵÿɹۡ

һ£ÿ½ 1100 ɣڴ˵ˡһٲ Ĳ˿ֻ 10 ɣѾƺͰҲԱˡ 35

ʦĹٱ ݴùãƺžҪѷȸɡȻ˵ ƲܵóѣΪǡġûи߱˿ŮҲ

ġ˹سջ󣬹ȥڵسิˡ һλξռдںڰĽֵϡŮˡڰ

غԸ??Ժã ȻȻˡҸΪɾĻ֮һ??

ӴʶٵĻ֭Զǵİ¼?ξ˵ ûκʧͳ¡һֱ԰Ҷһǳ

һ˵ʱĵ¹ۿܵܺõĿ顣ϣ ҿ㡣4  17 ҹԱ˿˵ʱѾ 5

졣ֻһƯķŮˣ޸һλԪ

˧֮ϵĽ߰볤

4 µףﱻ䵽˹Զ 500 ӢһѧУУ ַ֣ɽФɲԶ˵˾дŸ߰

?ŵͷȳװ롰γһ޶Ǯ˳ гĳҲˡ

סĵطסһûʯ͡ һ羰续ĴׯƯǱΧȦ𡣴ׯֽâ

հ±ȣһ¶ȲϿǱﻹһĻ԰һ ǺΧǺ 6 Ӣߣǻשذ塢ʯ¥ݣľƷֹ

ġ԰˵һжͬжһ㡣󲻳ս ͬһƬϽУǳʢװ

ˬɢڽϵľ̡ΨһŹ ͷʹ޷˯õ 11 죬Ǳ Ĺ

5 ӺҲʱ 11 5 Ӻһֻ֪ĶĴҲʱ 11 㡣ʱõ 11  1 ̣ϱ㶼⻶Ľ

֮С

ڲ͸¶ַֻ˵ڷĳء ѧУĵһǹﾭܹʹĥ˺ѧϰ

δϹѧеģǵԼϡѧȫ ǴѧĿγ̡ѧѧʱʮֽţ 7 㵽 10

㣬ѧϰѧϰһҵһҵʱƺûС ˵սµĽչⲿһ֪֪þ͸ڰɫƵġ

ںͷ䳡ϵѵʹ÷ʽ 75 ׻ڣһСļũ ڣԺͰٷơ 20 ǰģ켼Ƿ˵

ܡ6 Ӣ߳ϸڹֺܺϽƳɵġ˨ڼ Һѹϵͳƾܶءںʱ뿪ڼܣڵʱ

ڵλñֲڵļ಻ٵ׼˿䡣ÿ

ӿɷ 20  30 ڵЧ 5 Ӣũȣ ᣬ΢ 1

ְ룬߷ľƳֻʹʶǳǵ ս 4 鷢Ļɱ

ڣ˺˵Ӯսľֻڡʽ ӢʽҰսûһֿʹõļڣʵ

սڼ䣬ǲвӾûʹҰսԼʽɻ ̹ˣ¹Ϊħڡ

ڹȥѧĶǿȱκʱ򶼶ͷأ 5 µ жԱ˿˵??һϾͽһңȻǽϵĿԣ

ͨѵ

ǽһʵսϰϽҲڳҸָһӪĻڣ ûܷôڿ??ҵĽɫ˼ⲻǰ

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5

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ӵǹ·û죬³ŷپһľ ʦɵԱίԱᣬԱ E?M?˹ضУΪ ͹͵ԱС

N?T?ά档ǲ鿴ȫصĹ·һ滮 ǶγӲ죬ܹ˺üӢ3

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·ҲȥծȯĽ⣬ȴֻ Ҫȷͬʩһϰջ֧һĿ

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Ǯ͵ˡǵáϰ塱˵˵ֻҪͼ ϰսǻͶƱͬⷢծȯġ¸˹صĴǣԸ

ѡ˵ʲô޷ΪԷ׿ϡ

һƺ˵ʷģ͵ļ 䡢ʽ˹ǰ·顢·

ԺµļԼڸάũׯĹ·ȥľ λΪά޺ù·ĸףݽһΰĽ

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1 ŵԣϴݵһҽ˾ǩ˵һ 40 Ԫĺͬ ĿҲܿ챻һЩֽܿѷع̵Ĺ˾а

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1928  E?M?˹ضٽС N?T?άʦɵίԱ

ල·ϵͳĽ??ҹϣ͸ίԱµÿһ ŵصõ֡ʽƻнÿһ·ŵһ˿ؽ

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ҹô಻õĻʶ֪ǲˣΪȨ ʡ 350 Ԫʽ𣬻ṩʵһȺ˹߳۵ıꡣ

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һάҮ?ӶĺӶˣշͷȫò͡

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ʩὫϵؼΪģȥŶӵȲ 1932  1933 ꣬ 4347

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κ͸ε˲ŲʵĸӲ롣ȻĻ࣬Ҷ

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ѬȡŹǡʽɡе ˡ㡢ڱϲڶż  36

άҮ?Ӷ˵Եʳǵĵ⡣ǵģ Ұ߻ˡ˵Ϊôá

һ죬˿ؾͿȥάũׯһ ٷʢը͡ؼǵũׯաȫһӡ

˵أˡ˿ǳϲ³衱 衰ܷȤ԰ڵκﶼԼļ⡣λ

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һǹ߳ýл߿ȴһ ؿ׺ĸһʱ쾢ܸˡҪ

ÿٱʱ̶ô˵ʱҲ˵̫Ҳ

û˼ˡ仰Ƕ غͰ¸ǽü߸Ůڱ 219

ŵĺԺϷһϷֽСߡص ΣҡרһӰʦΪȫСԱաݳ

ںСһƹ̨ΪߣԺ˵ƹ⣬ óﳡݳصϣʲôԲӵ

һУͬʱʶΪ빤ҲΪһ Ϊ˲ˡд˿˵

һӦȫĹʣʱ鳵ӵ̥Ƿ ܳ 35 ѹÿ 1000 ӢȻҪͱؼǵ

ÿ쳵ӾˢϴһΡӵڲɨ ӿֽҪӾӽ̻Һϲ˳̣Ϊ

Լ飬̻Ū೵ڲװ??Գʮְϧ ԼҲʮֽƤЬÿγŶñӣ

ʿǶˣñǴúʮֹء ػ˵

ũһܸȤĶֽͼ һ̧ͷܿѹơ

Ьһ۵ʽ굶ݣÿικ֮ǰ ĥһĥ˼ǣũׯ꣬Ϥֹߺ

ƣ޲ȴɣȲ޲ƺҲܴ硣ӹ ɣĸ˼Щ͸ɵġ

ǸǶ³ŵļҡ?¸ǻ˵ͷβ ˵ļҡȻʲô¶˵㡣

һλʱ?Фǵĸ˵ô ܵأ

ضһλιǴӵ̹˵ʱȷͦΪ

Ҹ׵ġ֪ҸڼʱȰº͡ദǢ ˵ò??Ϊ裬Ըס

ÿǰڱ˻ûʱӶڹĶ ֽϲǰ?գǸΪطٿ

ѡִյĺ룬ѡ 369 ţΪǰ?յĳš ֻҪʼԵɣִ˲ƣؼԽͣ

ͷ鼮֮УȫעʱԸ˵ ָ㡣صļУ׾ڼʱ

ûûʱ

֯˹ûᡢźͺսϱ֮ ⣬μ˹ʶˡ¹ἰӥᡣÿһȥǱ

Ĺ㳡ũ¥ϵһ˿ˡǹȥѣ ǲӵս簣¼?¼ѳΪгӻ޽?š

ڼΪǷЭپֲΪǵеһԱڵصӰԺ һα٣Ʒ٣ݼȴ硣 ˵ĶĽ

10 Ϊޡǲ˽ƷһơƺʿɣϵĻ 벻Ρ 30 ڣΣʱ?³ŷ

ٵ罻ʱǵ?ϣյȨ죬ձ 

ȥũׯ̽ĸ׺ʱȻ黹죬 ӡϲСϲȥ㳡˵Ը

˴򽻵??ϲһǽ̸??

෽ɱʱòũǻÿ ϻ㼯㳡ƽʱҹȴĻظ¥

?Ѷ˹͵?ʻֱѧʷӢ 绰ﻹܿڶߵ֡˹

˹ϣķ˹ءƱء˸ɭƤ ˡˣȻٲ˶³šʿŵＸм

ʷꡪȻһǺǵģͬʱҲȰ Ա˿ֿļסھӪʱд š1930

ӿ˹Ҫһţ˵ֱ֪

ǰûʱôġЩȵ?? һմݵפдأϰ

𣿡ʥʱƷһǮΪһ̨С˹̹Ƹ٣ ܾȵ飬ΪҪһӻ𳵡ϣ

ԥصЩϰһȥʱͽʶס

 1930 ʱǾʹ˵?³ſݳѡһǰ ʮϲáܽΪĵһˡԱ˿˵

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ɾͺϣɾ͵һжеԺ¥ʩУ ԼĴ¥̵õǵ׿ϡԴӽܿѷؽ

ҡɪУдڶ˰³?ܿѷӵͬ ֮һֱס⡮Ļ֮ءǵ۹һ

ֱչƬΰصΰδΨн죬ڼ ȫݶΪ֮ء

ȻΪͨһУ󴵴 ޣҲʷмҫЩֻܰ쵽󣬹

ŦԼ߰?¹ͣᵽΪһλ ٣ڷϵ©Ը˺͸

ṩϵİ԰ټƵ˱㱻ͽ˾ҽԺ ָͨЩ˵Ȩɡ˵ӴлĪ С

ϲΣ̩?˹˵ܶϢֱﵽһĿ ΪֹʲôȫԸȰĹ Ŭ??

ӽ֮ʱҵĹ簣?ŵ˵ ģѵһֱǸ𣿡 35 Ž??

ȻȻز硣˵㳯Ŀ 

¸˹صĲԱ

˳أֻ澳֡

?³

1

˹?M?ѷǸȸߡ˼ؾɵ׮˵ң µѡ񶼹صĺͷľס˵ַƳʫ

һǿɰڵȻ죬64 ʱͳ һμҵķɣ1932 ¸˹ѡݳ?˹

ʱȫѡİסѷڴһѡ١

ѷѡٵַλڽأļȴڿ˹Ƕ ´һ޵ݹԢ 4 㡣1932  10 賿̫֮ǰʱ

ѡٻ 3 ܣӰ˵岻ʡֻаλҪõ ֪ص񡣰绰˹ڿƴֵ

R?P?ѷߴӼʱϵ

˹?M?ѷ 6 šаɥ˴绰 ʱﲻͬ⡣ɥһ֪Ϣͻᴫ˵Ӧõ绰֪ͨ

ķ?¸˹ء

ѷ˵绰ֻ˵¸˹һˡ7 ¸˹  4 ¥ظϵѷҽĶӸȥš

˵¸˹ǰǰôһŲʣֻʣͨ ֪ɥа𣿡֮ûʱϣ˭ѡж

ѷ˹ļ˵ӦѲзٺǵھӸ?B? ˳¸˹ش˵һλ?ˣ

һһֱվŵ¸˹˵뿪绰 ֮ǰݽ±ܡ

ǵ˽ 4 Сʱ˹?ѷʬͣڸڷ䡣

11 ¸˹صĵ绰ˣֻ˵һ仰֪ͨǹݡ һͷ׷Цĸ?B?ݳۡ?³

δԸ ¸˹ѡи˹?ѷ֮ǰ?³žͼΪ

ݳѡˡһЩѺͼұֽİ֮ʶܳΪһɫ ٣ʹܹ裬⵽¸˹صľܾʧ ţ10 

12 紫𾪵ѷŵϢʱ

3.5 ڽҰͻף·Ľɣ˵ǽܿѷʷ һҰͻᡣﲻ޿ɬػ˵ҵһ졣

Ȼʧʱ¸˹ȡϵٴα֮ѡе ˲Ǹ?ˡϣݳӱıСľ˿

Ȫסһùݣһ˺ü졣Լǰ;Ľ Ѿãܼ尾ڣٴξѡطٵ

ʸ񣬶ιְ˲ͬǣʦִջ ڣҲû롣ԼǷѡȷĵ·

ɡһȰֶ˵õһлҵıְ ȡľѧһʧҵ? ³ŵڵ

1934  50 ꣬ò¸˹ص׿ϣ ۻεȱսᡣԼ˵ģֻд

ϰҡ??Żкõת

ǰһ 6 £¸˹ǰ֥Ӹ磬Ϊݴŵһ Աμ?˹ȫᡣ¸˹رʾ

֧Աղķ˹?£вԱķʱԿ ˹гݵġǸߣǲԺ

Թ鰸ͶƱġ9 ִˡ֮һ˹ûкøС ¸˹صҪǲ»ĵһּʵŪΪ

Ϥһָӵ»С˵¸˹ءηƶ ݺصıʤʶκһˡ

ٿǰ¸˹רȥ˰¶˹˹ ľӰιղķ˹?A?Ҳ׶͹һ

˹֯¡ؿʵϣʱ¸˹ض˹

1924 껹ߡˣڵƹԻ͵֥Ӹ֧ ̬µĹΣֻҲװͬµԱ

ġŴϰѡƱͶ˹һ˿ذղķ˹?ϣ һͶһٲ֣ʹ֧˹ƱȲ¸˹ء

ＰܿѷشŵȫԱؼʱѡٽΪ⡣

1933 괺еܵĶκʱ򶼴󡣡 ¸˹̸һΣ²ظ߱˿һ

ˡ˷水ҵͼ??˵֧֯ҡ ˵һܵԱ˰չ٣ҿǿǡ365С˵԰ww.isuu.om

ķ?¸˹صȨνԾȫϰ֮ףٺƽ ƽ˺ܴ仯֯κһλ˶ ҪĽɫ

1930 ꣬ٴεѡϯٵ꣬¸˹˵Լɪ? ũᣬӶʹʱƾá˷յ֮Ի⡣

Բ컬ũһߵ˻ʢ٣Ժ 6 ڣԹĴ ˹?ѷơֻо˼ʮ֮ˣ

ᵽλϰ˵ǸôԻ͵ʤӮɡ

1931 ꣬˹ǻָ侯ġȨڴ֮ǰһֱ ĹϽʶʵϽ첿֯Ŀ֮¡

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Ȩ͵Ըӵĳ̶ȣΪܿѷصѡƱ¸˹صѡ ƱڸصԱѡٶоصӰ졣¸˹ز

ԼݳΪָ 13 Աֻһ ʧ⣺ݵı?Ǯ?˹ȻԿ˹֯չ

һƺƴľѡԺʤգλ?˾ ݴǮ?֮ӣڷһվ?

³ſ˸Цúŵ˵ĿϮüޣ 1933 

ݳ¸˹صȨֿȡѷǵѱǳ ķСݡ˹еڻʢռϷ磬ǰ

ֳһɲûԻ͡÷ 1908 ŵС칫¸˹д ̨ϷƳ籸عһ˹Ф

ʹڴĵ͹ڣ˹Ҳֳһɽ˳δ ߵĦá34 ĵԴ¥һ

ﴣڳС?³ÿϼݳӳϷ ￪ȥʱܿⶰ־ŽĴýشӵƽ

һ 300 ԪɶѷʩСΪ˹ 10  һֵĸûʵýռһûһ

1.2 ˵ϷԺһ10 ƻһ¹¥һ¹ ˮϵͳһ¹г³ŷٵĸƵ¥֮



ȣ˹ǵòŶݻҵĶ࣬ ɵ֯ṩġٺ?˶쵼

£˻ųͷ£ͻеһԲʹӶ˿ Ծҵ˶Ĺҵڿ˹˾

ҵƻģһֹĹ¸˹ع˾ Ԥкʵػһ޼ʵĹԸۡ

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ǰͿʼ𣬾ʮʱѴ֮¸˹Բ ˭ȵȼԭ򾡿ܶػǣ಻ӣ

9 㿪ʼ緹ʱ׼ʱ˿ֶ顣¸˹ʼ ձţʼ⣬Ȼһֽͷϻʣĳ

ĳص֯Լһҵĳ˿ǳֽߵ ʤм󼸸ֲʵܷŹʹǦ

ɫйءֽúдģġʤмζű һݹݡϰʹʣ˵һлʱԿ

ˡֽϵõͨɫǦʣԵ˾Ͳ̫⡣

һλ¸˹ǷҪҵѡʱͶ Ը⽲ĳһ췢һ¡Ŷ¸˹ص˸

࣬Ŀɪ˹˵зһλʲô ͸ķߣֱӽȥȻûһӦ

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ССݣܱһݶûǿ

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ǡǸµˡ

Ǳı༭ǵʱ˶쵼Ҳʾ һжϺʹڡ1930 ꡶Ǳ˵

˹ǡʷЧʵġϯٶ³žΪ ģԱ

һЩҲȻӮءʱǰʾ˵? ³ŲһȺΨһһλȾߡķ?¸˹سʵ

ɣҸʦɪ?̩µĻ䣬һμѵõ Ը񡱡ķ?¸˹صѼʡίԱϯղķ˹?P?

ֵʦϸɣڿ˹֪ʶȦﱸ𾴡

¸˹ر˵ʱҲעʿɷȣڹȥǲ εġʱʼſʽЯͬȥ

˰裬˺εش̸̸֪֮ϲ ˷⿡¼ڷһӵԭԭĸƣ

ֲֵ»԰֣ǿ˹Ưסլ һĺש͵ĸۡÿһϸȱ

κʱ򶼺ãƷ 1933  12 ·ϳ¸˹ؼ ˺ϷӪҾƵ⡣õǡ 1889ķ

˹˾Ǵ 7 Ŀʿɣǿȱ׼Ϊ

100 Ĳ潡Ƿ˾ơթǾ˽֪Ŀ˹

⡣˭ҲЩĻϰķ?¸˹ء ʱ¸˹صĶʢʱڡʹϱսʱóҲûԷ

ˡ̵ơ￪ 40 100 ҹܻᣬṩ赸 ϲ硢ҹܻݼȫĲ³˹;ʿ֡ŵб?Ī

ӣ֮Ŀ˹ҲŵݳһԾ Сֻ?˹?棻ɫս߾ưв³˹?

ȫеĸֶӿ˿˹ǣд󲿷ֶǺˣΣ ƵͶ·ضǹĵطеһλ

˵ÿƹﶼ֣ÿƹݡ

˹ǵششڶγգ ɱŹϵ

1932 괺죬ֶڡǱϵǵһǣͨ ֶ֧Ͷҹܻݣͬһص㻹б?Ī١?

˺Ļֶ֮ӡֶ?ֶӡҹӥֶӣܹ

8 ֶ֧ÿൽճΪֹ

ֳҹӪҵ 18 ϵҹܻĵ30  40 ּҡһࡣ˭Ըݾ??ÿ㶼Ƕ

??ʵڣ賿1 Ӳʽšع˵ Ǹ˵ĳȴÿ13  14 ֵĺب

֮еθߵ˹طƶ¾ֲֻ߸ЬͲֽȹŮ ԱΪṩԼ?źڿ˹סһӣ

óǶɫȮʱڣддž͵ͣʣΪʶ һ©򡣡??ʱûκηɿԡź˵

ǱоְְǼ¼˹ǵķչʷ

ҹܻῪͨҾͷ͡ÿһֶ֧??ĳ鲼

ǱܶУڸº 17 ֣??ǼǴͶĳ

ϽҲеǼĺͶĳǱ߸ҾƹݿԵǼ Ҫȥ÷??31 ֺ˹ش֮䡢34

ֺ÷ֶ Ŀ??

ĳ??޼ɵ 2 ë 5  5 ëǮôӾܽɫ鳡 ȱȽǡ

ÿʼЩķ?¸˹صĻشԶǣǮǵľ ֲȥǶĲ֡ѵܰͬȨô

¸˹ǿ˵ǵĳƯɾȻ Լ?źҲǵüûбĿֲ

ҵ˵൱ȫûдٵ·ҹκʱ򶼿 ڳߣȥҲûΣա˵??֪١

ǿɹƭ

һЩصĹ˽Ҳ϶ԷǷȡ޲϶ кôʱڡ

ǷְҵͷĿԼ?ǣķ?¸˹سԼġ ١˸ͷߣģǸˡ˾ǰ

Ըǹٶ׹1926 ꣬¸˹?˹ жµ 9 ѡȨһԾΪС֮ķ?¸˹ز

òս֯ҪǳΣҲȻʶ ֹ?ĴͽǡǵԼᡱеȨ

þͺķϰˡǡҪǣʱ¸ ˹ضҪġǡ÷ 1908 Űװ

ĵ绰ߣھֲۻҵ仹˶ķ Ӷ԰أ޽Լϻ԰ֲ

ǡ

ķΪ˻رڵ 9 ѡԼ֧֣ǿƳڵ ҵͶĳھӵƶߵȨ˵ھ

һ칫ҡһλǲǻعԱʢٻ㱨 ˵ѵ绰ҵ˹Ǿܲʱӵ绰ľǡ

ථΪ߲嵶ǰԱղķ˹?µŮѣ ӣڶ? 1931 걻ܺǣ߱

ȫͻ˼ҡ 1933 ꣬˶Ĵ ʱ 25 ŮܣȼݵǡǵԼᡱ

ٶȴѺͶĿд 3 Ǯ͵С

ʵֻһ¸ҵˣǲνܺ õ̫̽ʿѶ?S?Ү1932 괺죬һ

ֲĿǸֲ 40 ɣǸŮ ֮㿪ʼһĸ˶֯ƺرȤ

İҲûӻԾСʹֵĲǷᣬ Ү˵ǻʱȰ˵Щʵ??Ϊ

صĹҲӦͶڴˣĶ

1933 ꣬Ա͵©˰ߣķ? ¸˹дŸڻʢٵε˹ĸķ?

ǿǶǶôҪķдҵ ֣ڻΪʲô£ᳬҶȫ ע??

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ߺɱά?աǵ?ٺ͡ƯС ְֳԶǹͼһڵˡˣ?

ʲʱִԱѺŴʲһгͣվһ Сγȥݳ˼ڳվͣ 3

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һݵľʲɱ˷֮زز 3  뿰˹ûκιϵɵһ˶?ղķ˹?

?¶˹թߺ֤˵ 3 ˰ȫǵԼ ?ǡ٣ǳ˿˹̸

ķ?¸˹صĶ

?³ŵĻ;ⶣȴ㡣

1933  9  5 ڶһӣһѺͲ ȶʱڡ

9  5 ڶ½ڶǵ 20 Ԫ칫 ¥ 1836 νĵ 5

ΡޡɵӣΪ˴峿 ϾʽСٱ赸 7

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ұֽ˵Ϊϯ٣?S?³ 6 ְڼ䣬

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칫¥Լ˴ 20 Ԫڶǵ¥ʷƼ ¼ĳɾ͡

ڶԽܿѷķЩڼ䣨ҡĻת³ŷ ϣﻹʱȫСЭϯԵһְλ

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ڶ³ŷԼǰ;ǸѽգһĲ

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͵ԱƸɶ³ŷٽְ񡣹򲻵 ѷԸְλͬޱµְ ÿ

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ҵһΪ¸˹ص˽𡣲£ ˡ֯һұֽ˵ʵʩƻ ʹ 10

Ժͽ 1 Ůھҵ

Ķͷ˾˹¸𹫹ʩĹԱ?ս˹Ϊ ˹ﾭΪ˸ʢٳȥδйľ?

ڿǳ죬ΥӵԸᾺѡӸ аȫе˰ԱְλԸ뿪ǡ˵ڹ

лᡰȫΧӵһȨ

ȥķ?¸˹ʱ˵Ѳֻᡣ ˹ѡһˣһм˹?Ѳз٣ڳѡ  11

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ܹȥˣµϢҲû֮ĻᣬĻ䣬 

Ȼ 1934  5 ³̬ûκǰ·ͻ䡣 ݵĻɳѲݽʱӵķ?¸˹شĵ绰˵Ҫ

һ棬صǵĲ˼Τ꣬Ҫ档

˰Сʱʱ䡣¸˹֮⻹мķ? ֵ£ 3 ڷõһ 3 ɶ

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ʣµ 5ô£³ʡ

Ŷҵ˼ֵ˵ϰ֧㡣

Ҫʱ俼ǣ³˵Ƕ˵Ϊ˵μӾѡ ǴȻͳ˶֡ͬ⾺ѡ˵һƶϴһز

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£ҪǳòŦԼʱԤ½ѡ¾ܾ ¸˹֮󣬺ȥԼɪ?ũũֱԲ˵޳

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ֿˣķ?¸˹ᵽ?³ʱ κֱһ̶û뵽ֵͬķ?

˹ȴɲ˼ǸΪ³ܱѡ Ժֵ¼ǵ¸˹ش˵ڰֵºͼķһټ

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룬ҵǰ;ȡһСعٵϽݶѡ

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ʮݺύ·ʥ·˹Ϳ˹Ƿɽɳĺߣ СһЩĳʥԼɪ˹ַƶº־޷ɻҵ񡣵

1934 죬Ҫγչϯλĳѡ ġѡˡѡӼԱʻǧӢɢڸ

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ǵһ̡ԲӴƲҵеķͥʦǽ ΪǴݻ·ף˼ʵۺӡ

֡ŦԼĿ˹˹¡ŦԼ Ĵά˹ˡֵΤӵɡ֥Ӹ˹١

˹ʡФ֤ʦΪƲҵȡľ޿һЩ ʦοƲ˾˽˽γȫȥѶȼУԼ

ԺһλƲҵķοʹƲܶ

ʥ޹˾һ˽˽γ

֪֪Ǵڲ˽⵽Щ鸶˶Ĵ𣿡 ʵ

ЩɽΪ˲ɵļ·ͥר콻ͨ˰ ʦ˶ΪǸе߳ܡһ˵ĹȥƲδôЩ

˻ɴδƲоȡˮķãͷΪ ·˾ʦ֧ȡٺǵı˵ģ

ΪǵĹǱܿݼίԱᣬԼ÷Ժͨ ɡ

Щܸɵʦʡ٣ʲôУɷݼί ԱĳԱǻǳȥԷδİӡǶ֪

ίԱǹڵĴԼʦͨĹʮʦ ЩЦ滢ĴӴ·ͱչ˾νڼҵʦǵĶ֣

ް취һ

Ը̰ҰԵ̰

ǳݽǮǵļֵУһԶһΪ ĹԱΰöࡣʹ̵ĲƸǽڶͯͿǵѪ

֮ϵҲɲؼƽϡ˭ҲΪڻͼǿֹǵѪ ɵģȻʵ˷ջĽȥ˶ٿʯ

˾ǵȻԶֹڴˡǶԲĤݣһ ǲָϵĵ׼򣬲ѭĦʮ롱״Ͳı䡣

ܹȫƸƸȫһʦĻ֣ȻһЩʶ ¢ϲƸòͽΣյμңʵΪһ¡ǶĿǰ

ƲԲȣɹвŻʦΪǵ̰˽ЧѲ

ͣһܿͽ??

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ͬ1000  ӵ 7000 ˿ڵĳԶһӵ 700 ˿ڵĳ߼ֵ

һֱ޼ɵ̰˴νͶмǼ 乫˾ծۣΪǽծȯкͱչ˾ԱȡӶ

ˮսݽ??·û漣һǿ϶ġû ˸·ʵʺʽϵӪʵʩƶķɣһҩ

ôпѧԣǷֽһš

ݽΪŦԼʱͷţȫ͹; иĸʶʿǵע⡣Ժ˶ù˴鹤

﷦ζ֤Ҳʹ룬Щ֤Ŀ̶ȵȷ ˹ɽļ¼ֻж³Աһ

ﻹʾͬһͬµĿõġ 㼯ڵյ̫ƽ·˾Ļʽթ档ڹ͹

ʦ˹?дһƪΪͶ֮й·ı ¡ΪһרңѹܻʾһЩ

оݽѿ³ָʾ ԱƵļȥùȡ֤ٲò֮

ѹԽԽ󣬵ȴƶᡣΪԺܶס³ ܵѹ˾Ƴ

֤Уòɾķʽ֤ˡ ˵ƽƺǡԸҲһҪ˽ʵ

մȨе??ͳεȨ󲢲?? ֤㹻ʱ俼ǡ

˼ǣλƺֵûɵĲԱȴӮһ Ա

³ŻȨ⣬ȻڵʱԵúҪ ݵĴͳۡȡ˿˰˽̵ķһֱ

֧֡1938 ꣬Ժһ˽̷бʱͶƱ޳ɽ ڷһλԱ߳˵£ʹδͨ

ڡб޻1938 ŦԼ ٿһŴϣԾĿ˵ǶһսĿ

ӶΪŷ޵ľѵһ״̬һ֧

˫ĿվߵĴˡģ˵ܾ ڷԼǩֲܾμӹǴشˡûге

ΪһǿΡӵо ĲƸϣƽδõĶУұ

ΪǵԭͲƸ׼

ķ?¸˹ָλһ彡׳ Ĵϰɫҡ㲸ɱ񣬶Ȼ˻ӽ

ȴĶĲʹĲӻһաһ£  7.5 Ԫ÷ 1908 ¹͵˽鲮ɵ?η򿼸

¼Ķһζעһ 5000  2 Ԫķ?¸ ˹عһͻӻ 600

Ԫͬʱʾؽ ż˺ԼΪ˲й¶ǮԴȥ˹⸶ֽ İ취30

ĩȫΧǷͽǼǶ עߵǮʵǵĿ֮¡ǲٳΪϰ塱

ǡѪκϤ¸˹ؼʷ˶ ׽ŪΪǰҵ㣬вԱķѹһƥС۷塱

ϵĶעʹȫʤ

ͼķϰ˥ܵԭʱ?³ŲԱ ĳ߶ΪΪʹʱԲ

ȫ˥Ͷ񫡣һڿ˹Ǿָɹ ĽԼ?ĵľٻ˵¸˹ڸݹ

˵ҪòǮԶ鷳

һλεĸ˹ǵĵطٿʼ˵飬ȽĿ

1936 ѡƭϡ˽Ī˹??ĵܵܣҲ Ǳ?˵ˣǿ˰ŵģȻ 1936

ѡٺ¸˹صҪͬ˾Ͱ?C?˹ݳ ݳλǷ¸˹غ˹֯һġ

˹˹¸˹֮ݿν˵Ƿ켫ĵزһݵؽ ء˹˵ҳ񣬲κμŻϰ塣

һֵعԱռĲϱ1936 ꣬ڿ ˹Լ 6 ѡƱǡˡͶġѡǼǵѡƱֳ˵

˿ڡ汻˷ͥǱ?׵ϸָѡ ׶Կ˹˵İ𾪵ǿ߾

ͨգȷʵг 2 ꣬279 ˱̣Ӣ ̶ġʦ˵Ӣۡ

ؼĵֱ˹ݳͬ±ʢٺſ ʼ?˽˹͸¶˵¸˹˰걨

ûἰľ޶롣˹֪ͨ˲ֶ ˹?̶ 1935 ״ڡʥ·˹ʱ¶ıܻ¼

顣䣬˹˺ָ 5 ִԱ Ƿ 1935  1 £Ҳ³ŲԱӦĹڼ䣬

չ˾һв˹?˹صĹԱ֥Ӹһҷ ¸˹ءǵĻݱҵ R?? ŵġ

8 Ҳͬıչ˾Ĳ˹?˹ض¸˹˵ ȥһڱշõִѿѹ˽ 1000 ԪͨĲ

Ž¡ȻԸǮ˹ 20 Ԫʱķ? ¸˹һڻؾ˹׷ 50 ¸˹ͬ⡣

Ϊ˾ٳɴ£50 ӵ 75 

һ 5 ֽ 1935  5  9 ÷ְ칫ֱ͵ķ? ˹С׶͹һͷ˹ءͼ

չ˾ʦһݷűշѵЭ飬Ż¸Ŀ֧ 1936 괺ֵ¹԰·¸˹ؼֽ֧װһֻв

дΪ 33 Ԫ

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Ϊ¶Ѻܴ󾢲˽⵽Ȼط

1938 ڣ˹˺˹ʱ?³Ԥ ΨһһλַĲԱԺֻҪ˵

ΪͿֹٴȻûԭǸ ?˹˸绰ͳϲҪͶƱ

ȻҲȫִ£Թ۱ּĬ ѡδɡ1938  2  15 ڶ̤߽

ԺתţͿ˹ǵǷһȫ ҵķԶ棬йѾõķ

ͿΪķ?¸˹ش֮⣬ûκ塣˵ ˹ġּڰƫĵɹʮŽ硱

ָܲ𷨹ŪȨΪǶɹ͵ͳ ֥ġ˵ͳһݽܿѷص

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ǹΨһһͳΨһһἰڲԺαȴ ܶԱ绤ڲԺʱ̡ǰõĽ

ձơȥЩʧأķӦΪ֣ȻһЩ۵ ֵһ編Ժܾκνܿѷص˱ѡűһ

˹Ժһλ˵ŵķʽԼ ѡ׵ѡֻ˱ߣʵͬһѡĹ͵ٺѡ

ٹԱͬʵʹ³ŵĹ۵ò⡣ Ҫйһͨɣˣȴ

Ҳıзִ磬ãܴڶϰͳεһ ɲƫеžֹõж˵Ƕ

ʮֳݵĿ˹֯ȡõĳɾͼȻʵʵ ͶƱȷʱͶƱΨһԱ

ֵÿҫǣһλʾηҳϡû

· ׹ĲǿңеԼĽӴ˶

͡һƳ˼˺ü졣ڸѵһ˵ ڲԺĽ԰׹ķ족޷μ 1940 ξ

ѡֹҪš

ͬʱСҪ׳ܹܡܿѷظ칫¥ ˸׵?ƶο˹ǵľֳһ뷨⵽ǿҷԡ

˾ֵĹԱе飬һݸ䴫ŵı¼ϣ J?¼?ݲһ䣺ָʾҪԴ˽ȫ泹׵ص顣

1939  3 ³³ʶƶΪǿң˵Ψһ޳ɵ ˾ǿƶҳͷβﳹ޳ɿƶȻҪ

ռĴҥƶΪ⵽ ܾ5 ǰ 11 £ﻹõ˾ϲŵƿԽܿ

ƶ׼ΪһʱҪд˿ ۼ 11 ¡

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״ڸڵķϵݣٺᴩ 2 ǰ 1908 ţͱܿ ¥ݡ1938

괺емѡУȻµѡίԱ˹ ģȻѡֵǷ꣬֯ĺѡԾѹ

ƻʤǵַ¸˹صԺߵȷǳԻ͵ ʤʾִ??ʧȥԳʵѡǵĺϲԽ

־ķ?¸˹زɶõ򱨽緢һϯ

??ͳطǣ˾طǣ ݳطǣĿ˹ǡǱطǡ

ΪȡõʤǾ޴ġ

ڶ³ŲԱ˿ǰѡ׶һ٣ λӮġķ?¸˹һ׶жϵϵ

̶жǶԴһ֪׶?ǲǵ ķ?¸˹صš

ֻһúǦддڽܿѷֲ żϣʼ¸˹ִ壺ķ?ҿ˶˹̹

͡ 40 ѡT?J?¸˹ء1938  12 ķ?ҿ˶˹̹Ǹҵ³ŲԱ˵ס

ڰֵºͱ?ҿ˶˹̹Ū¹ £ʥǰϦά?÷ڸķ?¸˹صĻֻ˵

ѽפֵ£һнչ֪ͨ¸˹ء ʱ뾳λҿ˶˹̹Ƿɹö֪

1939  4  4 ڶJ?¼?׵ֿ˹ǡ4  7 壬ķ?¸˹˰ߡݱڻʢٵĶ³Ų

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﷢ʱ˵֪һϢҺѹϸһ֪?? ķ?¸˹һֱҵѣҲᷭˡ

д˿˵˹ǵȨµĿ 𽫸ɼѹ

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?³ŵļѺԣڵϯٵʱԸ⣬ȫ ̰ 100 ԪƺһֿƵĳ

ȥԺʱһƶϴ¼?˵ͷһĲ ӵеĻࡣȫʱָط٣ӹ·ͬ 100

֪練ơԶһа˵Ҫ 10ĳɡ ۾գͻʱȴֿտա

˶ڽܿѷطˡӻʢдŶԱ˿˵

5  29  8  45 ֣ķ?¸˹С¸˹غ ķ?¸˹صµ˼ʼ 15

µ ģ 3 ꣬ͽ 15 ¡ڷ̵ĵ죬

ٶԼ˵ȫ¸˹ǵ顣ҪǺ ĻҲΪѡΪڽԡ

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ʵЧʸߵƻ̰͵?˹ƽͳΧȦӡ Ժһϯλط˵˹˽κ

ݶ˹˵֮ǲڶԡĵ 䡱ȫҪͷΣΪпܳΪͳĽӰˣ֮

Ǹǰ;ˡʥ·˹ʱһƪдߵ ԼӮõġ˹˰ۼĸ˹

ְѡһѡȻȷĵ·һ ɵ·Ӧ£ȻԵõ֧ġȨյ

˹ؼŵķԸϰ岻ȴзҪĬȻͬ⣬ԺΪ??

ݳڿ˹ǼεӰ֮εġж

¸˹˵ɡ

ӹԣ³ŲԱѡĵ·˹˵γĶա

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λͳһǱú Ͱ?C?˹ҲԿ϶Ը⵱ͳ

9 £˹ѡ³ڲԺϯλ

5

ǹ?³սԵľѡ˹Ҿ Ա˵ҽ仨ˮ˻Ҫ壻 Ƶ

õĸ?˹ֻˣŪһö³ Ϊõ֧֡³Ϊһδķǰ׹ͳȴ

⳶η档˵˹ˡƻԱ˿˵ ʵ˼ƭӡΪǵݳɵĿɡ˹˵

ûĬ??͡ײ˱?ˣ 䡰ġȴֶ֧³šΪһõŵδ ˡ

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ȥɡ˵˲Աڴ˵ش ȥ

ȻֻԼˡķ?¸˹֯ ѡ˹ָֻܱѱ֤³ŲԱ

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˿˹ǡʱ֮⣬еıֽʥ· ˹ʱΪ³ŵϣǡ㡱ҿϴͷͰ?˹

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?³š

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ڻʢȥۿɸ?ݵӰƬʷ뻪ʢ١ ӳʽϣʹԼȴԱ˿˵ӰƬǧƪһɵ

ѲԱдͱ뿪ӰԺʱеʧе Ǹĳΰɵͷӣ÷ʴĺͳεĳ

нܿѷֱķ?¸˹صĻһʵеʹ ġ

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ɹ涨ʹõĽʽԽĵϣũׯ Ǯծ񡪡ںڵӷʱ͸ð

ũׯĸشͱ޷ܵġ ӱϿûвˣҲ˵Դһ֪

ȻʵΪάάһļǩֵĻи׵?ƶ ?ϣﲻڶʹ䡣

ڻʢٺ޲?һз̸ŷ޵ľƼ¹Զ׼ ϵƣ˶е֡ǹڶ˾Ӫʱ

˾ѽΪܾɴͳ硣Ѽžɵķ µͼַ˳ڰ칫ǽ׷սµķչԻա

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ҲͶƱ֧һʶһ١

10 ݵһݽУ˵˹֡ϣպī 3 λ ַ浽ˡѨ˵Ұ״̬ʵѾ

ʱ˵˱ΪǲԾܾǵ ķʽϵıͽϿݵղķ˹?˹

һӹ½һ֧޵Сĺ һ˶˹?ֵ²ݽ۵Ϊŭ11 

11 һδսͣս죬Ա˿˵һʱǲ ӹһδս??˼ٵĵ׽ˡ

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˭ѡ

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˹ӴϸȴٲȻһŵʦµĻ滭 Ļɽɫĺ̫ƽͬʱ 1?34 Ӣĸ߿վ۵ס

дŶԱ˿˵ڰɻۿ˺ӣӲ 16 Ӣھ ķڣۿһ˹բ˶

һλҪӪʶڱ١ҵķʽ Ҿͳ

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ӺͶ˾ɽɽϼСд ָϲɼŮ飬ǡƶ

ߡΨйﳷ˳Ҹ˲һԱ˿˵Һ ŮһûȤûУڰǻʱұ

 20 ء

״ξѡսԻ 1940  1 ʥ·˹˹̩շУ в㱻һ룬ЩضΪβܻμ

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˹֪ĸܣ֪ҲˣлЩ㡣

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žѡ׶?ǼǵʵǮûҡһʳ

800 ţÿ˾ 1 Ԫֻյ 200 ԪԵ± 롣³˹?˹ǶǵһʦǹԤʶһ

ѣ˵һʽȱһ䷿Ӷⲻ𣬺ѡֻ ˯ԼĳһԱ??Ȼ˯ڳ

1940  6  15 ϣ¾ռĵ 2 죬ѡʽ ţصλݸصǡ˹?ʩΤװͺǵһ

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һˣӲǷΪġġ

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вʾǶԹ?³ĵغС3 λѡ

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 3000 Ԫ

4 ·ĵ³һշ˷ȴͨ Ϊ·Ϊϵͳṩ˱ϡ֧ 1937 ũ

跨ڼ۸ϸũֵ֧ 1938 ũҵͨԺ󣬹ڲ Ժ˵Ҫʹũҵõķչֻũƽطֵ롣

1939 ꣬ͶƱ޳ͳɱסƻ׷ӹҵʽԼ Ͻֵý񺽷1938 ꣩Ϊ

ո𲽵ĺչҵƶͳһĹ

ڹӦŷΣ⣬ᶨơ

6  30 ڹ㲥˵ӦܵӢ۹۷ɻ;ʡ β̸ҵ 7 £ 1938

ġ桱ƽγݣַʻĻǸ׵?ƶ ʱά?÷˹ǵķ?˹￪ʱ

ܿ죬˾̫ˡ Ҫʱʱʱ䷵ػʢ٣ŷ޵ս£ڿᡣȻ

ϴξѡƵģͷʮ㡣 12 ķ?˹Բ ֻ࣬óؼҡ

³ŵ˵ûлʡ׷۱ƽʵĿ ԼݵڴͳʮֳݵĻĶƽ

ּϸԽԽϸƽʱ˵ʱɤĵͳһ ̳ɫͱˡʱΪǿ˵ĻƳڣڿѸ

ٰڶţͬʱżͬһһһڵģһƱڮѧȥģ ȡЦ

ڽλΪڵıʮֵ ˣⷽȴûκɫԱû¡

?֮ȣݽֱò֣ǰ̨ϽСʱ ֻѡֱӵľѡУĻȴ֮

ܴˡһھѡУһλѾѡļɣĽ  25 ֮ڣȻ֣ӴԽԽáȥʹ㻹

ʱ䣬߲ûضȥѳ·ϴһ Ⱥʱ˵ǿ

ǳڽܿѷؾͷϳƨϳβ͡ ﻹάȨȻĹ۵㰴ı׼ϴ󵨺ͳ㣬

 1940 ҲǼˡһʼԼȫ ǰ˵ڱ

Ϊ֮ӦֵܰĹϵֹϵڰ֮䣬 ڷǰӦֵ??һ׼μȨ汻

õĽ׼֮£ôĽ׼ǿ Ķֲ䲻ʱҲͬˣһάϵǰȫԭ

ͽ??

ѾܵѹԸָİߣԷڸʽ· ١ҾߵԱƤߡǴֵܼڼª

ݺͼ׹ԢʿԡΪˣӦܵõ ʽ

˽ͬȡͶѡƱЩһܺ˽С ڲԺС͹ȾʱҲںͬǿӵЦ

޳ΪȡƽȣԴֱԲ䡣ŷǰĹ ƽȡ˵˲˼ҪܵʱΪջʹ

Ȩֹһо

֥ӸеȫɫЭϣԺ ˵Ϊĺ˴ֻܽкô̹

ϵʶ໥֮Ȩ棬ЩȨʱǽԻͽķʽ ǵĲƽǺ˵Ȩ³˵ΪҲˣ

ǳˡ

ξѡһ 1934 ľѡȫͬ 3 ˣ һҲطĪ˹?Ϊķ?¸˹

Ͱ?˹ˣ۹ӦΪݵ½ Ա˵ΪʵǱ³ŵһЩȦսѡ

ġΪǷɢ˹˵ѡƱһ˵һֱûҵݡѡٽ ȷ봫˵еԤ? 1934 ɢ˿ƿ׵ѡ

ƱƵģԶ³˵뾺ѡʱ˲

ǰܵȫ˹һߣӴΣ³ԶԶںߣ ?ƴڡʥ·˹ʱϻһֱдš˹

ˡ͡Ϳͷͷײһ֮һֻ߿ ӡš³šıǡһԵдǡûжͯĵطȻ

ܿͱ𣬾˹˺Ͷ³֮չ?³ ƺһʼͱܵʶ֮һ˹ˡѡ

֮ǰһڻʢ·ʱļλ˵ ҿ϶˹˽˸йֻҪ˹˵

֣ͽ˹˵š彫ԽԽӶʹȲʤȯ Ȼϣ˹һͶԶ³Ŵ̢Ϊ¸˹

߹ܲԱƭӡֵһݽ˵ϡ ʵط﹫Ƕ֪ʲôɫһѡƱ

ԺðƻְڼΪֻһĿģǾΪλ

ĻϰЧ?? ³ŵľԱ˹˸лܸķ?¸˹

ǷšѡӵһЩ˵֪һϢ󣬶شٹｫ乫 Ϊ϶һӾѡٵĽûͬ⣬˵˹ȡ 

˹˵һЩŽǵע⡣⵽˾ о񡣽ţھѡмʱ˹ԲԱ

ͳѡ˵ݳϯ֥Ӹеȫᡣһ ƣ϶?³Ӧõõֵ֧ı?ö֮ؿʼ

֡˶ԡʥ·˹ʱһ߷˵

ͰµҰĝ¶ˮﶼͬʱ뾺 ѡͳͳ½ɱܶפӢʹԱ

ʷʵĵ??ףѡ˹ صİ˺¡

˹Ǿѡͳְλ 17 ѡ֮һйƵ¶? Ժ鳤?B?˺ڵ¡?O?˹?˹

?A?ʿԱķ?ײ֥Ӹ磬˹ΪǷ˼ ʽƻڵһͶƱл 200 ѡƱȻľѽ

 3 ε˹ڻʢġũҵ ?A?ʿ˹ȥǰݵĹ͵ˣ游ġ

ʿũ񡷱ı༭λԾĿʿ

³ȥ֥ӸģְҪľ鰸ί Ա 7  15 տĻ˹շһù

еΪ𶯵Ĵ¡طԺȨĹ͵˾Թڸά ũȡѺȨ 7  16 ڶũ 195 ӢĶرڿ

˹ǷԺ̨ϹǱͷһֳȺƬ ֽ˵ũԱ֮ĸɯ?E?³šû

еõǲö֪Ȼṩʽʹĸڴũϱ ߡҶ϶ȫζΪھѡڼѿ

һ²ȷġ

 2 󣬸ͳ֮òɿ֮ʱͻ 쳣ƣΪԼಡץסһˣ濿

10  15 ӣ˿ãи˿Σһ ϡ

λļûˡԺ󻹿ɽջءĸ׺ðᵽ άһСã³Ŵû߹ߵ̨ϻ

һӣˤǡʱǹ

ˡҴҶ¾ӺԹԡ һУñ˿һĸױ˴ӱ

219 ˳ȥеô衣

ѡͶƱ 8  6 գ7 µ׹д 8  6 ա¶?˹дһ仰յǸϲæ

޵ˡƺҲɢ

Ǹ绰 9 뵽Ƕ 10 㵽Ȳ 2 㵽̩˹ά4 㵽ˣ 8

㵽޶٣9 㵽 2 ȥŰͺͿռࡣȥ˹١ĪǺͲղ

ϢһȥڻɽͰաݶȥɭά ٺͿ˹ǡڶϻؼס??31 ȥʥ·˹Ϳ 30

պ 31  ֱȥ˹Ǻʥ·˹ʥ·˹ͻؼҡ

ڰͿʥ·˹ݽԲҰܸա  3000 ڣֻ 300 ˡ

Ȼһܣǡǡʥ·˹̬չȻضԹ ѡ󣬹Ա˿˵ô˵ ˭ǵ??

ϺЦԷǵǣõﾹǱ? ˡʥ·˹һҷķ˿ʼȫʶ˲绰

סҽԺǼߴæ³žѡӵһ ˵绰ûͣ

˶һλ׳İСӵӰҪ áС޲?E?³Źȥʶˡ

ʥ·˹ͷӵĶӣһʥ·˹ѧǣѧԺҵ 󻹴һְҵ 1933 һֱеĻԾ

ӣڵϿ֯ڵϯıȻ ЧĶһֱ˹ˡ?Ȱ˵ıĻ

ŵ϶ǳŷΪѡʣ 2 ʱ򣬺ͻȻ˹ ˣΪ³ºعʱΪھѡ

һλߴƯ˲ ˣУԴ˹Ƶǰޣ

ͻͽ

˵ѡٵĵ³˵??Ҳеƣ Ѱ¼?½Ӽ˵һҹǰƺ

ؼǵ˯ǰ˵Ӯһֱ ѡٽ档11 ʱ˹ 1.1 Ʊȡغд

һܵһҹˡҹʱ绰ˣ ʱ˶˯ˣӵ绰Ǳ˿ʥ·˹ľѡĹԱ

ά?˹̹Աķ˱ʾףء˿ΪԷڶ磬 һѵ绰Ҷϡ˹ִ̹˹³ʥ·˹ʤ

³˵ھѡʤͶƱ 66.5 ţȶ Ʊв 8000ʥ·˹Ҳ 8411 Ʊĳ˹

ˣȫǺڱ?˵Ӱڽͷһ ֮ҲͶ˶³ŵƱõũƱ 1934 껹ࡣ

Ҫ 2 Ʊڽܿѷȡʤ˵¸˹ؼй ڸضӦһͿأﻹǻ 2 ƱȻ 1934

ڽܿѷѡƱ 1/5ڰеķ?¸˹Լ ȱȫ֯Ŭ˳ŵĺ䶯ЧӦĶֵڮԼ

Ǳķԡȷһξ޴ʤ Ī˹?˺ص磬³ű֤＾ѡи֧֡

˹ݳûй̬ڸ˹˽ͨнʧڡ μŵѡƱ̨ǲŸı?ˡӡ

еԱֳ͹ҵĹԱ Щʹ³ŵóѡ⣬˹˵ũѡƱûܶ

֣Ҫصĸɺ

Ϊμ˳ѡȥ˵طٵְ񡣵 ʱ³Ÿ˹д˷ţԹ۹⿴Ӧøְȼ

˹ݳ³˵˹͹ ίԱʱ³ŴʹδܵóѡǷ·עӦɻڴ

˹뿪磬Ӵûеιְ

ѡ 3 죬?³߽Ժʱ ˡһȥӭ˹?ȸԹ

˵֪ȥûκһξѡľѡ ԺŨȤȸϵΪﰲһ硣

պͼķ?˹޲ҡ˿˵ ɳϲãͿ?ɭϲԽʩΤװͺա

桢˹?ϣķ?˹ͼѺ͹?ʩߴĲûҴ ˹?ά˹Դ֥Ӹûմƣ˵󼪴

ƽ䣬Ǵһͨӵ??֮Կ һʢǰľۻᡣ

Ȼ＾ѡж³Ų縻?˹µ¶? ʹ죬Ҳȫʤ 4.4 Ʊĳսʤ͵ѡά ?ά˹

ﷵػʢ֮ǰһȷεļٳû ݷһļͰ?C?˹ݳǩ֡12  13 գ

ĸԺ鰮»?A?Уĵ籨неʣʽյ ҵĵѡ֤𣿡ڻصģ˵һȫ

ʻһոµĺ15ĵɫ˫1941ġ ˹ջʼҡƽγű˿ٴʢٽ

ߡ

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1

ʱĹ?³ѧһ곭һ̹ɭʫ ˹ʫһֱϣص÷Ǯ

ʫʱɻûзʫдȴһδĿս

дɲˮ飬 ԸĿкսڱ̿??

1940  7 £ϣյĵ¹վÿԽӢϿըӢĸۿڡ ׶أʼҿվġࡱ͡쫷硱ɻΪڿл

սɴ˿ʼʷΰĿսе֮ս̹ɭ ԤĶҸն9  7 ն׶طһοϮУ¾ɳǰ δŵ

375 ܺըֿʼҹϮ˴Ӽ޲? ڶͺ?¿˷صıﰮ»?R?Ĭ޶

ɤŵĿõУȼյɵƻĬ ׶ʱ 10  10 賿 5 ӵĲ˵עЩɫ

նϨʱעǻɫĻ潥䰵ʧʱ룬 СջΰĳСϣմţ˵ҿϮݻ

Ӣ˵־12  29 죬׶ؾҰĺըϿ Ͷ 1000 öը

ڻʢ٣?˹ﱻƽ׹һ Բ⽻Ӵͨ㲥ıġ¯

߽˵ɴҪū磬˵һֻϻʹ һֻèΪԴé˹ղķ˹ؽܵ

вҪĲսȫԱṩЩ ܵɴ⹥ĹҡǱΪһ޴ҵıΪ

Ѵͬսһصķǳʱ??

1941  1  6 գµѡԺϻϣ?³ŲԱ ˹ĵڶǿҺȡжĽͳЩΪ ˵

4 ɶսĹұʾ֧֣ 4 ɡڽɡ ƶɺͰѿ־ɡ³žýеͳĻԻʱڡ

˹׳跨޹ʽӢԺΪ ۡԺֹˡաǱڴ?ˡ

?P?κͶݵѡԣһ᰸ͨս֮ ·һֱǶ³ʦĻԴΪң˵һ 1/4 

Сӵ˹ƻյĻǴġӵ ƨ³Ϊա˵ʵ۹ǳش?

˳ˡһ˶Ĵˣֵ²ơǽս

ʧȥһжһ񡱡˷ӢṩԮκ ʽһս¡˵ϣŷޣŷ

ްװ˷ѵ籣

³Ŷ϶ԼģҺȻͷ ȾƹԽԽѡ³ŴͶƱּ˹ִ 跨

³ŴʱǾίԱͲίԱСĳԱ9 £Ͷ Ʊ޳״κƽʱѡ۷12 £δʽսȴڹа Լ沦

100 ԪĿ½ı?C?ЪϽڹ һ֧ 200 ˵ľӣ׷ 10 ԪľѲ˵ýǸ ˡ

ʼΪʱҪǷ̫ʱЪش˵ ǳ˰;֧֮ȫҲܳһ

³ŲԱʱԤ۵У֪ȱѵصľǸ ص⣬ǰλھɾ¥óЪ칫ңϣܱ

ӦЪӱժϻ߹̫󣬲绹ڲ

ԺΪЧҡ ̬չѸ٣ʢٹϼ򵥵ʽѳջƻһҹ֮

з·˸ 1933 ʵʩ仯 ʢٴϻһСǣǰͰϷɡ

ףһȺȺ¹ԱĽγԼæͻҵľ һǰϵ¥Ĺϵġʱ

ƺƽԭЩһսһ˵ʱѿʼ ʹãռؼӢĶķݼŹۡȻһཨȴ

ˡµսð˳˭ҲŪǵ ֺд NDMBίԱᣩOPM칫ңԺ 

OEMʱڹ칫ң SPABӦͷίԱᣩ  DPC˾

ÿ¶ 5000 ˼е˿ڡסĽų̶ѳ 1918 ꡣ ³ŷ˵ڿҸ 4701 ҵһ 5

С¹Ԣ  2 㣬ٽ֣ 120 ԪǾĲٶˣΪ˿³

ŲԱΪ˻ϰ塪ڴסһꡣ

ӰԺǰĶǺܳվԶȺưɺ͸ ʱ̴˵ĴѰҹаԼ

ԳӵλӰԱ̸ȥྶ ͥøȺͳ硰桱װ͡Ա

ʶѹʱΪȥʱżѺ˹ ִӵʢ֮ˣǡȡнٺ

ĸߵĹ˾³ЩְȴڹȥĹ˾ ֧ȡнˮ³ŲԱһЩ˶Դĳֻ̬ȡ

Ȼ͵ʱΣԣܽӿ죬ȴܾû졣 ЪϽЩ˽ҵľʵȫԸͼǿ֮

˵ҪǾǱ仯ڻ

³µľЩ֪롣

ѡǶϲ½±פɵҪдڵ ˷ѺͶɧ˹ĹעԼûܵõ

аԼеǣǾԡһɵ ӻʢٳһֱµתֱЪ

;ھʩ͹ͣµ顣һ;У ǰӲظ칫¥ơ 3 Ӣ

ƵһȦľ뻹 5000 Ӣ˵Ȼǻġܹ

1 ӢԼĻ˵ξ۽硣ȫʷ ķʱǰȻѾˡĴæȴ˺

ŵľ޴˷ѡָλơ򼸰Ԫװ׵ػ Ǽǰھȼƶʧҵʱڹϲ

ʧȫĺȻʵȴû˹ģ˶ ŹĿںţǮ޶ɷ⡣

ɵҪ豸ʱѩغˮ

ⸯʴѲʹãҲԶᱻʹ?? а˿ûн쾭顣ﶼˣüٿڣ

ùǮʲôҲɡ³߷˴˵غʩֳ ˵Ķ¼Ǳ𣬷ⲻ͸¶ݡ

ֶӪضʵʳɱһõķʽģ агɱһٷֱȵʵһĲȡ

ݾ̶һСִҵаģҪ һԶ׼ʵǡڽӦ

ౣԴʩѾʧЧӦͳ㱨

ػʢٺ绰׹ҪͳԲΰ칫 ʱܵҺĽӴ˹ȡһֻ

ֱϰԵسһӣԲԱʾֿĻӭ һŲֽźСľд̸̨˰Сʱͳϵ

Ȼ³뿪ò׼ĻǷ˹ ʲôӡдһѵ˵˹ò飬

ʲôҲŪĿеĵλΡ˵ ô˵ҪҵĵڲԺڡ

˼ܵʱ׼仹Ա̲Ѻ ?նķ˵ҵͷ͹ʱ¶̰

ߡͷĵطʵ̫ˣ˵

1941  2  10 һ³ŵϲԺĽ̨ ⣬һرίԱԹаԼķе顣

Լ뷨ֵʱ̡̳սڼĬĬż

ȫ鹦ԼŬ Ժֹ֧ķ죨˶˷֮ľ¿

״̬쾯֮⣬ָ½ԱйعаԼĽ ֮ǲоڹһµĹĳݵĲԱ

ƼаǼֱǴ治˵ܶԳа̵Чʺ ½еκһ˶˽øࡱȱύίԱ 71

ž鰸֮ھ͵õһµıֱͨתԺӦ

ίԱᣬܱܿڵ֮߸ΪίԱ ϯϿݵļ?˹ֹϵУ

ǲϣ䴦ķʽܵίԱӵġ ˹Բ˵ĸǣٶȣٶȣٶȡ

ΪԵⷽĹ·ѭ˹һίԱ ᣬֳһ칫ңϲȷΪû

ר˸ʵӴĹȫɰ׹һֲݣ׹ ľӦһȺĵԱ½ԴҲ˾档ֻҪ

һ˵ĲԱͽζûû˵ع⣬ ˵ίԱҰĲϯˣҪضĿʮ֮˾Ϊ

˸˵Ͷճ־õĵƱػӻֹƻ

ֻһֲҪС޺޲̬ȡǲı Ъ˵Ǳ˽⵽Աͬһذ

³ὨڵǱΣաĶսʷ֪ ڷǳʱɧͳܻشʧսʹɥ

ǲ?ֿϾܵǿսΪԺίԱ᲻ 飬Ӷֹķպ崡ίԱἤĹ͵쵼ָ

սָԱսսԷ涼Ҫ֣߳Ϸˡ޲ ?E?һ˵ίԱ൱ڰ׸ʦ仰³ʱ

áڹͼݲսϣ֤ʵίԱĴ

³ͬһԽ?P?μίԱе ʽĵʾУо˵һսԭ֮˾

ıҵۡ³ΪείԱǴٳɹдڹ۵ Ҫ򣬶ȫʹĵ׼״̬ΪӰ졣³

˵սȥھǺģȷҳڵ ֮

ȻûбɱںöȽ? ˹һ顣˹˹ڼһԺ

ίԱ漰ġһле顣ڰ׹һλϣ? ˹ͳǿڡѺ̬ȵ˵³

ίԱᡪ˹Ӧʡ˹Ҫ󲦸³ 1 Ԫľѣ ΢ʽܽ 1941 ͳ 130

ԪĿ֧ʵԵûƿЦ ³żԣֻѲ 1.5 Ԫ

71 ž鰸 3 ĳͨʱڳֻ 16 λ Ա˹Ҫʵʩ鰸ʱûһ˷ԣȫƱͨ

һܺϵĻϣԺܾ˹ɵͨ跨 ľΪ 70 Ԫ

³ίԱʽΪԺƻרίԱᣬһ ʼǾһسΪ³ίԱᡣܹ 7 Ա5 ˣ

2 ͵ˡ˵ÿ˹ݵķ?֮⣬ϯڵ ˶ĲԱһ˵Ļ˵ûС춯ص

ǿīݵĿ?桢ʢݵ?C? ׺ŦԼݵղķ˹?׵¡͵մݵԼɪ?H?

ݵŷ?³˹ء

ҿԳɾ͵ˡԱ˿˵ǰһѡ еһʱ˵ƿʷҪ

ӮĻͿŰɡԼٴγʷĲߣָо 뿪жˡףڲԺĵ 2 ھ 1 

ͬʢٺѾҲǹȥĹ߶ һ׮١ԼһΣص񡪡Ϊ

Ȼ׶һЩȨաִԵǷͻͳ ڷ󲿷Ī֤ʤս

·ľ飬֪ίԱṤԱҪԡ˾ ޲?ܿѷĽ飬һ˾ʦ˽?

٣ոոһλթƭ̡ 35 ꣬Ǹ Ӹߴƻ 6 ӢߣԲ֡һ

ɫԲñ˵ϸԶ³ŲԱ˵ĹҪﵽ 9000 ԪȾѵһ뻹Ҫߡ³ŹֻҪǵĹн

ǮΪ⡣

³Ƶúҹʵִ֤ Ǹһѡһ£ίԱܻǮ͵ĹԱΨһ

һòԺõĴɡˡİ ʱõ˽

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Ա?׵£ǰعԱ޵?ޱѷΨһһλŮ ˿?˹˹մҮ³ѧԺҵĪ˹?˹ˣһλ?

Ŀ˹ˣ¸˹ص֯ѡͷһֱ ˹ǴֳλãһĲĸ׵?ƶİ칫ص

ڶ³Ű칫ңڿ˹¥

³ŵĲԱΨһش仯ά?÷Ī ͻȻˣԶ׼Ȼ÷ԲԱҳϲ̰˾ѡ

ٶ³Ϊġ˾ı߾͡ Ϊ˶÷³Űѹ?ֶʢ٣ָ

ȵԼ飨ʱԾʹһͷΣίԱ ²ŵԱֶԤ۵У뿪ȥ½ձ

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ҲܱȨƺѹŵҪʵʲô ʵ˵ǶԼʮҪȫѼ

ʵ˵ͬʱǧҪʱڵĶ˵Ǹɵ ˵ˣºַвǾͻ˵ίԱ

ǵʾͬ⡣

ǵʱ佫ԺͼĵطҪĿ 鷳һԱίԱԱҪءһڲϣ

ίԱԱ˹ݲԱɽ?Ҳںʣ

ǽ̽ʲôڲǸ

⡣ ³źίԱᲢΪݶзǷġ



𾴵ϯϲҵ⡣˵

Ҳϲ³˵ұʾУǲǽ Ƿġ

еίԱȫԱ㱨ֻ͸¶һԱ ϯίԱھսԡԱƻĹģ÷ûз Ȩ

³?ٵĵط߶ίԱ 幤֮ʹһЩ˺ΪίԱĶʵ

ˣĶǶ³ŲԱ

ճ־õĵ 1941  4  15 տʼʮλĸ߼ Ա׷ίԱᣬ׵½?ʷ͡Ͳı

Ъֵ̽ӵʱЪͨѡξ١ һָߵĲ࣬ȴܳɹϯ˵һ

ƽӹ֮ܶ࣬ʧܡ³˵?Ъ ʼίԱĵһ֤ᡣ

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֪һϢʱȵĿɿڴ³Ժı˵ ҹľսۼƻҲӪƻƵĶʧƽǺεȱҡ

ҪǳɱһõĳаͬǷû аںƽʱڶЩʲôʲôļǾͿԽܣ

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Ща˼֮ھƽʱһ׬ 3  4 Һ޷ տԡһʦͨԼͬʹ 1000 

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ĬάǸɫĽԱ?˵

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ίԱĲԱǸɵöʮϯΪͻ4 £ڵһ

ʷ͡Ъǰļҹ³Ż˵סҹʹѣ ˿ΪಡĹճ̲ûи 6 ·۵ý ƣ

1941  6  19 գдŸٴλı˿˵ڲ Ժͽϱߣ׹ԽԽ󣬵ԸҲ󡣡Ҫ

ҹƴɣ˵ûͲ֪Ǻˡĸ˵ ˵ԸҶڴ˵Ӳ̫

6  22 գϣ 1800 Ӣս𾪵 Ϣʼ⼱ٱ仯̬θʱ³Žһ˶

ҲȴĻҿ¹ҪӮǾӦ ˵ӮǾ͸ð¹һѣ໥ɱ

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¹ļȨ͹֮к 1939 ǩɴ ЭԼͶС֮ҲԸΪ⵽ɴͻϮͶ

ȨʵӶ˹ӷ¼һ ˶Ͽɡ

ƺԼܵǣǰ˹ﺣҽԺ졣 ҽƣ֮ȻԼڿƴ˵ͷ۵

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Ȼͷڹ֮Уǵһû٣ѹ ΪĴǽ쵽˰׹ǣǿʼ ĿԴ8

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Ӧĵطֻһ³Żش˵

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ӡЩܲһЩķɻܶ࣬Ҫ ½ĵǶҪĶĻøࡣ

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³һټֻӭԺеκγԱμ֤ᡣÿ ʱȥ׼㣬ܼԦ᳡޶רеɡʵ

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֤ϵԵĶšȻ³ʱǿӲִ ķʽù۲ߴһǲΪ˽һ档ר

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ǸǿӲĵ֡۴ۺϣ޶ʿ󡣡 ԣϯԹƽƵġһΣ͹˶֮һ

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ʱίԱ˵ش飬Ӧȡʩʵ зֺ˽Ӫ촬̵ġѵ˹ֵĳ̶ȡ뺣

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10 µף¾ƽĪ˹ 70 Ӣĵط˹Ϊ˹ṩ ˼ֵ 10 Ԫʡ

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ǵĴڲɱζƫ̻ҲʹȻίԱ˵Ӧ ӦְְλЩн𣬲Ҫǩ˹

ͬĹ˾ϾӶϵֹ֧ͣȡꡣһͶͬ칫 Ȩɢһǲȡ뷨

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ƺû˲ȡʲô־ֳά? 12  2 ڻʢٶڼ䣬ռдձǺ͵¹ս

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ίԱĸʽͳڱ湫ǰʱ̾ ңһµսʱ֣ǣͷֻһ

˹һްͿ˹˾ɵ?M?ɶѷ½ʷ͡ڵ Ҳش˹ĵԶ³ίԱ˵Ǹ޴ʤ

ͨܶŰݹΪȡġ³źɶѷ ˵ڻְ֧ܶ𡣡

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ţǡ֥Ӹ̳ҪĲԱӺһ¯ӣ ЩսļһǴܶ춼ǸӣⲢΪڷʢٵ;һ

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Ҫвϣǵжͽܵƻͳ޴ͼ ίԱṤĽչϯЧʹǹĿ࿴һ ȱ

1942  1  15 ύԺ 50 ݱ ϸµĵĽ乲ٿ 400 ֤ᣬ漰

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ҪԣҲӦһЩΪ̬Ѻõġ ˵ʱʶµԡ磬ʱ򣬲

е顣˵

ɵԱṤȥġ³˵

ˡ ³ٴ׷ٹȡЩʩû˱ͣ

ʲôطõ˲ȣ˸ʣ󲻵òδȡ жҪʱŪʵȫӰ족³Ϊ˻ܽ

ܡǹ˾ĵһ֣˵ࡣǵ ԱĽȫʵ

֤ĹУ׼õķĿȻ˾ 쵼ίԱԱ¶Ĳ쵼޹ص

źǳṩĲϹĸְҲȫʤָ ;㺣õĸְǶĲȫЩְҲԴﵽ

;ûܰչ涨ļмΨһǣ ڷصѹи??֤ܽ

ʹõġ١һʡΪʡ

Ҫǣ͡ɿ̩ϡŶԣ˵ôְǷѲ ѵԭ򣬶ʹǴԭ򣬶ѵĸְҲŷĹĲƷ

ʱڳĲԱУ﹥Ϊҵλ͵ˣɭ Ͳ³˹أٺͶ³ֻʱʱһ򷢱һ俴

ɭ룬ʡɿ̩ϡĸְ˭ģŷĲģ ٴο϶˵Ķģɭʡķ˹ص¹ϡ

ѵûǸ֤֤˵ķ˹ص¹νٵ ôɭʡ

ԱʹõĴʶ١??

㻹ʲôõĴʶô ţԱ³˹شʶһݽĵ鱨棬

ȷָӵĸְ塱ɡɿ̩ϡ¹ʵġֱԭ򡱡 ְġӵȡ³˹ؼĸ֣ 

￴ݱôش˵һ֡³˹صĻ ƣҪиְָĴȥô롣

ԱҶʺʹεȸ촬ս豸 ˡҶЩȥĺкθܣǲصǡ

³Ų廰˵³˹زԱиڹս ɭ˵һͻҪǿΪ 6 ĸ֣ж۵

ӦΪ 6 ĲƷֻ 5.7 ǿȣһָ 飬ܳ 6 㲻Ƕʵأ

㣬

ɭǷύʵ 5 ֤ġ ɭ˵ǲٵķʽ۲Ʒ

˵̶ֳȿǵġ ɭ֤ʣѵô

ĹṩǷдұʾɣ

Ϊ鶼еĻලеġ ɭ˼˵˼㹫˾ڴ˷ĺ

֤ʲţǲǣ ǵ֤Ƿ漰еļ?? ɭ漰ˣǻ˵źԱҲǿܵġ

˵ ɭǲǻΪûдƷ ԼΪʵ;˵ǵ??

ɭ仰˵˵ʲôӦģǲǣ ǣ

ɭôΪʲôﵽƶĹ Ӧ ɭΪʲôû

ǽġ ³ţҪ˵㽫??

֤ 5 Сʱ֤֮ǹ˾ʦ˵ Ϊһ⡱֮ǰֵļ֪ʶʱ³Ŵʣ

֪ʶƭߴӾصĹλȥкιҶԸ ҵһϲͨ³˵Ҳ뾫ͨҿԸ㣬ҪǼ

¼۸ģΪⱣһĿȻ

˭Ӧĸ𡪡Ӧ׷ݵߵְλһ һֱûд𰸡λұʦ֮˳֪ʹ۸ļ¼

ƭΪʸΪӶ֤Ҳû¶㹻Ķ թ˵òκκôһֽʧȥһСΨ˵ù

ȥΪ˴ɹ۵¼

ô˵ŷҪвȣ˾ܲñ ?F?Ѷ˹³ŵ˭һᡰ㡱

³˹زԱ˵֪Ѷ˹˾ڵò αȴǵǰ;ģƺʵڲ˼顣һίԱ

µӡ˾ȡ ɭԱʷѶ˹ͨһΪڻ

ŵ˾ľӪ㲻ǹɫ塣

ΪȻǣѶ˹˵ΪĹ˼㡣

֤ʱһλ³ž͵͸¶һ¸˿ ³˵Ϊ¶ݲ˵Ǳ

սʱȡнٺ⣬³ŵһֱܼ ˵һƵķԡ̨ĶȨ

ɵ?ɶѷ۵㲻ֻͬΥԼȷжò ɶѷıƣΪԴӹҵȡĳɹί

Ա˵߱жùҵˡʼΪЩ˼ ˾ϵʹȡôʱ˵н˿Ҳ󡪡Ѻյȵ

ֻȡнض಻ԣ޷Ӧ

ΪӦײ㡣³Ŵոյһţ дŵн 2.5 ԪλձӦĺ۾١ӽԺÿ

µнˮ 140 Ԫھʱȡ 2.5 Ԫ³˵

Ϊͬһ۸ĴۣҪȫ ӮⳡսҪӮˣ 2.5 нҲһĲֵһֱ

룬ʹȨЩ뿪ǵĹԵǰķǳ ʱڶıǾеۣôȡнٺҲͬ

ܸ˵ȥ

ȡнٺ˲Ϊˡϣи ˣսŬ档֪սֵĸ˾

ڲȡκοսӰ乫˾ҵλжʱȻ ǰǡ˵ıԡ˵һЩռݸְȡнٺ

Ƴ˼¯Ľ죬ԭǵģܻӰ쵽 ս

ε˳磬˵ɶѷΪһϵӮս ֮裬ίԱӦдɶѷһУ

øΪ塣дίԱ᲻ϣսʲɰίиЩȻ ֮

ȻίԱΪʲɰƻҪ˼ƻӦһ쵼 Լķ£ҲӦȡõȫɹ??Ϊˣʹ

зķ棬ίԱҲ֧??

ΪίԱһҧסţͽðԽȨķգ սίԱﵽָֻŵĳ̶ȡ

֧ͨɶѷﻹһ ְԱС 1942 ϰ꣬еľºͬʹﵽ 4000 Ԫ

￴ҰĲ½ͺǶԹũҵռݵӰǶ δľʾǡ1942 ＾ڡʱ֮áĹ㲥ĿУָ

ְԱƾΪҪ⣬˵Ӱ쵽ս ξõĽṹ½ǵָս˵Ǹ

սʱҪʲô

ѿ 3 ǵĲ?ĬάٴαٵίԱᣬһ Ϊôʯ͡˲˼Ĺ͡˹ǴӼô

˹һֱ 4 Ӣ硢 1200 Ӣʯ͹ܵ˽

Ĭάġ׿ϡԵơ򡢿ʡδԿǣ ûʯרҡ½̲Ӻսʱֵ½Ԥ ӵ

2500 ԪĿûκξֻ˵ڼôͰ˹ ʩ

Դ˹֮ԱҪΪ˱ְŵĸ棬Ǳܿ ʯ;ָ˹޵?˹ĶĿ鱩ǳġ

а˹ٷ?ضĹԱǹܼôʯ͹̳԰˺ Ĺ̡º˹֣³ίԱᣬ˵

ǡʡֽĬάһҳϵ??˹˵ ܵûãίԱĬάĹܹղķ˹?H?׶ķ

ͬ˹ĿίԱָᷢ׶ķ˹ǡͷ βġȡнˣܵĳȶ֪ԳɱҲû

ΪҲûСսʱҲǳɱ仰ίԱ˵ Ρ

һλа?³Ĭά֤Ҳ дίԱԴϼǴ𣬶½ȴȥƴ뷨

ӣû̹ʵسϴ󣬾£ΪھΪ±⣬ ׳ʧְɣίԱɲΪ

Ĭά 4 ׼УӵŰֳ߽֤ ³ռдڼ䣬Ĭάˮһֻӵݸһ

׼׼ְѱӵݸһУУҲθ͵ˣ ˮѱӴ׼ְѱӵݸ

ίԱĬάΧ 4 СʱҪɸٺ͹? ԱʡϯĬĬš֤֮ǰ³ŸĬά

һӺյš˵ʺôʯ͹Ƿ 󺣾μӣžǶĴ𸴡˵

ͨĺڣδйѯһ̵źûһ ٻԱƿͷʼôʯ͹̵ˡ

Ĭά˵ûʾʹ뺣ɣ 뺣һ߶մһ??

³˵˹̺ܿ뺣йأΪҪպܶ͡

ǵģĬά˵սˡͬ 

ȴвͬĿ³˵ίԱʱݻᡣ һе쳣ƣͣ˿Թ˵ѹ

Գ֢״˿˽ͷۺƣܵŬۿ塣 ˵֤ϵ֤񾭷꣬δʾ̸޲ܵʲ

ôطһһһ顱ĶɯʿǺ¬ˡ

Ȼڹϵľֹδ͸¶ĵĸܣƵ ͳȣ档ԪֵͷѻҰף

°ͳ˫·մգȣ￴ȥ· ΨһԵͦྻķװ׷³ԱŨ

񡪡˵ģ·Զȥɾ ϴٵöܿһȾڻʢٵ꣬˺ܳ

ʱҵһϴϴ·⣩мʮ һЩ̩?˹ΪϲľɿʽһЩǴӰ?Ÿ

ɭڿ˹ǿӺͻʢٵļӷҿ˶̵ġʽ˫ ſۣɫɫʽͻĵ˾˵ľɾװ

ܴýȥʼᡪӺŮԴĲϲ ¿ڴԶһ 5 ״ĸɾҲܱ

һսۻ¡Եˬ죬·еԣ 죬˫ɫ촩Ьڴʯ·Ҳǽýɡ

?¶ԹɽëȵĴºΪԺǵö ³Ŷߵٶʾ͡һ³ţſЦ£

Һಽشãÿ̿

µĵĽƺҲ˻˶֪ڲ ԺѡСԴ⡣Ϊ³ίԱĹ?

³ŲԱʮֿġ

ȻȴӲڼӡµĴȨԼʢٳ˽ȵ սգƽ׽ȴһиȴǰκ

ʱͣ³ȴܴ˷Ӱ졣һʥ·˹Сס  16 ֵĽѷ꣬ʥ·˹˱һλ

ߺı༭ȥԱ龰

ߵǰ̨ʹְܷԱ³ŲԱķ롣 ѷŸҡߵߵ绰ԸԱķ绰ӵ绰

Ǳڣ֣飬ǹ?³űˡ˵ҵ ˵û⣬ɡź󣬶³ŲԱ԰Ŵ򿪡ֻ

һˣųָһϵ顣£˰ӣȻ һ˱մˮʿɣϹѺõ΢ЦǼ

һСʱûܵκθšǵʱݺҺдıҶ ǵˡܼǵõʱǵ˹??дġ޲

?E? 3 Ǻȵľǡѻƣǳɺͽ̸Χû һ˴š

ֽйعı֮ʣίԱἰ乤ʱҲõ ֵءϲظ˿д߲ÿرίԱʾ

ʹҸеǳȡֲܱһǾ ЧٵذӮⳡսζżͻ

սĻᡣΪףҲ߶ԡ

˶ʼϲĲԺµĵλЩȥΪ ͹ŬȴƽʿĿ࿴͵?

˵λ˸ҶմȨľĴ˵ ֤ݡʱץ񡣡

ûªϰҫ಻κη װǻƸһȡƺԸͷлȡ衣뵱 ͳ

ȥֻʱżܱϳڲͷ

Ƕ֪˭ˡذңʹ ±ɸɵϻԱ˿˵

شʱѳŮʼѧϰ֣Ϊܿ졣 ʱ̸Ҫְҵ֡ͱ˿ᳪ裬û

׺ߺ߹һλȰֵ˵ƺ⡣Ȼ ֻ˵ȶѧ

ǳ桱ݺС㡱ػãԸʣ ׵㡣

ŮһʱʮֿģܵǻֵĸȾס ŵҵİ?ŵһֶŮ˵

һ죬ʥڣغʥҼ͡ Цĵһ??໥??漫ˣ飡

ؿ飬ǳԸһ죬Ƕ Եó??

֪ڻʢٵѵ˵һСʱ

Ưҽҵгɡھˣ 18 ʱ˵δסͰְľһ

ҪʱⲢϣףԸ㽫졣鷳ʹ࣬ ҲҸӺŬĹ

ӽǮĽǶȿ㸸ײɹŬ˵㣨ɯʿ ˵ģ͵Ķֱ̳һŲ

ǵһУ

дŶԱ˿˵ҵıһɤӡ ҪȻȥҪ׼ȷΪʹҪӢģ

ܳΪһΰĸ֡ҲԶܱɴɵϺ ˹ϵУ罻࣬ӹƽܸšڿ

ҸǶխСӵĹԢڶ³ŵһǷһ ӡķΡһյ̨ơͳƬһ첲ܹ

һֻʽСһ¬˵ľװд˹?ղ ķ˹д³?ܿѷд 4 ޲?E?

ʥ¼һԼ?˹?ɵĴǺ͡ ڭ¡

˿ 50 ꣬ȥ࣬һλģԻʢϲ ̶Ҳսʱڼӿ˵Ľʺ³Ű

칫ҵý˾ռߣ ȥ˶ָˣ رμӵһξѡԱʱ?˿Ĺ 2400

Ԫ³ŵһй¶ȥӰ󣬵 ȴʹˮ׼߲١Ա˭ҲûõĶ࣬Щʲô

³˵̳³˽ȰֻոǩһЩż ɡе˶˵ùȥ˿ÿܻϷ֯һ죬

Ҿ˵Զ³ڹɽӪ˼աԡ

1942  6 ±˿ضСסдŶ˵Ľǿ

ȥٱʱһƪ𽺶ȱĽȫ㲥˿Ϊ õݽ?ŵͬСеĸĺȷ ˵

ǽ 23 յǰһ죬˿ȥ 23 õ壬 һ绰ڶ糿дһš

װı˿ һ졣Щ˶顣ȾµӣҲȹ

õʱ⡣ҵƲҵѸˣʿʧǮʱ 浮ʱ񲻼ǵȹôõһˣʱʹࣻ

һӾΪ˹Ѿȡʤ͵ʧְλʱ򡣵 ȡõʤȴ󳬹ʧ⡣1919  6  28

ⱲҸӣ Ϊƺһӵʱڴһĵһ˵õһλʵ ӣıˡұ

ӵеһλ˫ŮǱΨһ ɣĶҪ

ʰʵ̫ˣƣüۡ ĸԼG СФԲҾ˯ˡû

ĸмį?? 棬޵İף㳤٣

 ʢ

1942  6  28 

ڱǵ½ 1942  11 £ʥ·˹ӱԶ³ŴӰ ڼǰǲ˼¡˹?̶д?³

ΪԺ96 ԱͬʱֱʺηԱ֮ һ̶ȳһдʢٲսΪдԻʢ١

飬ɫдУ̶Ȼ³ίԱ¶ĺŵķ ͬһ³ʵְ칫ٲ˶ ȡ

ʢƶ³źίԱȫҵ ܿƣίԱĴ׹ֻͨҪ˵һ䡮е

³ίԱ㱨˻Ӫ˽׵Ч塷 ܿƣȫӦԶ³ŲԱͬʸж

ŦԼʱİɪ?޿˶Զ³ŲԱίԱṤ ֳġ޵ƫĿ͹ԡΪͣ˼λܳıͬ

Ĵоֲ³ŲԱ͡׫˵߸ ˡѵӡ󡱡 1943 ꣬ίԱ׫д 21 ݱ棬漰

󡪡Ͷľġũҵе¹Ǳͧ ֻ1943  3  8 һܣ߶³šˡʱܿķ档

෽棬ʱܿ˵³ίԱսŬо޴ʤ֮һ ǡ󷽾սеļˡ㡢֪мᡱ˹ı

־սʱڣһҲܽҼලܿ˵?

³ŵתҲ˾ģҪʱһ¸˹ ȵһԾΪίԱϯ

һеίԱܱ˿սߵмᣬ߲ܲ һֹ衪һǶԾۼڹĴݵĹͬ

˵ǹ?³ŵͻȻ֣вԺѵ

ʱд³űˡʵһ˿??ΨһĶ̴Ǵ ˶ĵСǮżһʿɡ˹?ʩΤװͺմ˹ĵ籨ʣ

˵żһʿǺ˼ ɡչ־֯ĶԻʢټ߽еУ³ŲԱ

Ϊʢ 10 λսŬҪ׵֮һ

1943  4  13 գ³ŽίԱĹһߣ֥Ӹȥ֧ һսŬ޹ҵλĲԱ

ͽ͹ûԱŽĳԱƺԵе˾ ȡһͼϽŷֵ̫֮Ԯ

֥֮֡ӸݼˮйͨԼ 2.5 ˡϯ֪ ͽ?J?ŦԼ̫̽ʿ

̫˴ϯ˹ٷ?˹

³Ľ˵ս 23 ǰμӵǳս ǽűַĹңҪЩ񡱡ڡҰ

㡱ļ̤֮£ѱ촷ۡŷ޵̫ڡϣաķ ƵءϽӪԴǾԹۡ

˽³Żϰߵʹá̫С۶д ӵбĵسܲǡһЩꡢվ̫˺ͼ

ªСݡȻݽȴﻰ˳ᵽ˹ġĴ ɡͳ̫˵Ԯ΢תЩ˲ŵ

ܷŷ޷ıУ³ž еһԱ

Ĵɹǲģǲȡжʱˡ ɴҰ޵Ŀͼ˭Ҳֻ̬ˡ֪Ǵм

ŷ޽дɱ¾Ĳ̫ˣڶ޹塣

ʱսʱ̣˵ΪսƶͼҲǲҪ һաǱ뾡һпΪЩܹɴﱻ

ṩܷۺͰȫڡǳţ ˵

ǵѹ֪߱ǵѪнܵͷΪһ㣬 ǱѹṩԮĴͳҹΰĿȡⲢһ̫

˵⣬⡪ǱҲṫ

ǿͳɫĽ֮һʱܵĵж

Ҫԣڿ˽òʮС ³źίԱĲԱ桢͹޵?١

ս⿼ǵԽԽࡣԺһһս ֯Ϲľ鰸Ǳ١?ϣԱ

³δֱӲ룬ȴΪǾ鰸ָŦԼʱ Ļ˵ڡⳡսж쵼ߵΡҲ

μӹһսġմݵĹ͵ԱԵһ

1943 ļϹЭ¸Ѳݽ ּڰߡڲ˹ӡ˹һͬһ⡣

ʷׯϵθ??ǹȥûܴĺƽ˴ ǲа??Ǿصޡ

Ƕ³ίԱеĹǳɹġôʯ͹û ķ 1.34 ԪǮԲʽ˷ѸصǶȱ

ͼʵã4000 ˺ 1.2 һȾһ Ľ裩ΪʹȥַдթΪĹ˾

ţ翨ڻŵ˾δܵͷίԱ Ʒ˾꽻³˵Ҫֽڡ

ȻίԱı׿Խġʷ ȡõĳɹ㣬³ίԱΪҽԼʽߴ

150 Ԫ϶󡪡׼ȷǲܵõġ Ǿ޴ǰδŵģ٣ҲֻίԱĲֹ͡ίԱ

ҪġȨЧӦίԱĵع⣬䱾 ʹҵ;ʿطӳԶ ǧƵ

ڷɻƷʸֵ¶ίԱỹΪĽ 豸˻ס˽֪ͬʱҲ

ܽĽͷʽϣ˹½ͧͧίԱǿҶش ɺּġʹ͵ϣ˹½ͧӳڸۿ֮Ҳ

ڸָǳ̲½˽ԣӶʹʽĺ ʩʧЧίԱȫµ۹⿴һ֮ǰĹ

һֱǿвһƵӵķ

ίԱỹһֱȫ¶սŬԴȪ䷢Ĺ ¹ǱͧĴֻıУίԱ˵ 1942 ݻٵĴֻ

1200 Ǹŵ֡ȵʱȫ촬Ĵֻܶ  100 ֡ݱʵԡŵ˹ϯ

ίԱڲʱίԱ˵ʵġ

ӹԣġලˡĽɫ֤϶ϸڵԼ ׫дǿ˴ڶΰսġ⣬

καίԱ˶ָ֤ܵƽĶԴϯ ԭ

İ?³Ĭά֤Զ³ϯһ ۲дܵƺǸˣ

ֳϯ˼֤һζ³ų漫ֹλԱ֤ ˣ³ٶĻҲλίԱĸˣ

Ҳ֪ʹʲôȨѹ?³ѡ˲ԺԴǳ ֡Ϊ˳ɫǸһĲԱ͵¸еˡڵȷǷ

顣¸˹ϰƳġʱЦ??

3

һʱԱһЩһȼôʯ͹̻ҪӴ ̵ܹķԷ꣬Ϣ͸¶һֻ֪ٹ̵

Ŀڻ޷͵Ӵ1943  6  17 գ³Ŵ绰½ ʷ͡ǵ̸쳣̣

ʷ͡Ҹȫ˽⣬֪µֻжҾ ֮һ

³ţޡ ʷ͡һʮҪܼƻһ֡ ³ţŶĻ ʷ͡ҡ

³ţѾˣ㲻˵ȥˡֻҪ㲻˵ ҾͲٴ

ʷ͡ð?? ³ţ㱣֤˵ΪһĿģΪû⣬֪Щ

㹻ˡ ʷ͡ĿģǶһ޶Ŀġ ³ţôðɡ

ʷ͡л

ԶԽԽĴַʽ³ŵĶ6 ʱ ֪Ѿܶ࣬ǸǳҪܼƻĻ

˽⡣˼ǣд˹?ʩΤװͺյἰ£ 뿪ԺΪ˹طԺ١ڸױǺӱ߿

һкصĻߵ·һΪŰ˾ͻȻһƬأ ʩΤװͺյĵǡԼ 50 ӢĶرãдžʹ

ѯʶ³š1943  7  15 գ³Ż˵صǡǱʾ Ĳ˽⣬˵˵Ϊ˽ӣΪһֿ

Դ漣˲õıըը˵ Ը顣

³صйܣĿжϵʧ󡪡Ȼ ͨʵݽһϢĵͨżݳȥǲ۲۵

֪ߡĴڲԺԱСȦ໥Ϣ ½յĽ˵ΪΣǳ򲻵ѾԸκϢ

͸¶μǡ³ûԼʣǰŵݿڸ׶ ?ǣ˵ʱҲ֪조һ˲õը

Ȼû˷ִŵĴڡʩΤװͺպ͵Ҳδʹ͸¶

κϢ ԶŰ˾ںشµĻĺȴδֹ

ݵĲԱ?˹ҪԴ½е顣ȻҲ ˲ٴš³ίԱһԱ˽֪³ţһ

ص˷Ѻ͵ЧͶѳɡ֮߳¡˵ һôʯ̣͡½һ¶ֳΪһ

ĳţԱΪӼڸǡ

³žʷ͡Ĭȴе˽µѹ

1943  11  30 գ֪ͨ˹ԱһԱ̽ £Ըܷкβ

ܺ󣬸׵?ƶ߽ʢٻһϵ籨˾ 칫ңһɶ³յĵ籨Ϊ˶˵Ŀ϶ 

Űָӹ˹У½ĬίԱһ Ҳȥͨһţҷڹȥ 10 ½һ??д

½ٺ͸߼ְʦ??Щ˱ȷѹڹ̵κ ͸¶κβԱԺйصˡ

ƶڹĿĿܲ³˽Ķֻ࣬Ǿְ ѡ³ΪЧʸߵþˣһ̸ƶʱ˵ÿ

Ҫʲô£ֱ֮ǰ??

ӵӻĵĺίԱٹ̵Ȥȴ ʷ͡ĬٶȱءҲδ³˵ U-238

зֽУںؽеĹ˲õըġ

ºʷ͡ЪͿѧо뿪칫η ǰã鳤ķ?ײİ칫ܻڳĳ

ײ֮⣬ԺԼ?˺? ʱ 1944  2 £ʷ͡ЪһҲһڹ¶ˡս

ܡ?д

ڵ¹֮ǰִһչԭӵӦƻЪͼϸڶ ըʷ͡˵¹ǿһҹ֮

ӮսǸǻҪ 16 ԪըҪԱ ܣһҪʿ;¶һ˿

3 λԱͬⰴҪȥ³ŲԱûб֪¡ Ȼʷ͡ռмأίԱϯֲ³Ŵ

ʱҪʷ͡ع̵͸¶ίԱṤԱ?彫 ʷ͡Զ³ŲԱʮŭΪ֮Ĭ߶

³ŲУ³Ųưոݡв˵ҪԿµĺ Ҷ˵ұ¡ʷ͡ռ˵ֲ³

ᣬǸˡ˵컨׹Ϊȴرɡ ٰκ߶³ŲԱ

ˡΣ

Ҳʶ³š

?˹1944  7 

1

 1943 ģȫٿǰһ꣬Ա³״ ֽϼĳЩȦۣͳҪѡεĻΪ

ͳѡˡӦμ˲Ա?ŷڻʢټое 硣ŷһλᶨʿѶ³Ŵ⻨԰ʮ֪

ĵءԸͳ?ʿĿ³΢Ц˵ʿ йɫũҵŷЦ˵ҲôΪȻ

֪ҪĻһ᲻Ժѡṩܸͳѡ˵ ³дü˵Ļ˵Ҳ??

ԺԴµԽԽ࣬³űʼ˵뷨ʱ ǸͬĻشڲԺ

ߣΪӦʵЩ?˹ûбֳԸͳ κβҲҼʹ˹ܸı뷨Ҳһ

Щˡ?˹Ͱ?Ϳٳп ѡ˵֡нϸߵ飬һץסᡣ³

ŶİСװ롢ļ?˹ǳ塣˹ ǸϷˣѽ̵ͽ 66 ꣬Щܶ

ʵϸɹбĸֹŶľ Ժ 7 ԱԺ1941 걻Ϊ߷Ժ٣

һξʹְΪ˹սԱ־ֳڰ׹¥һ 칫ҡǰһΪͳޱȵġˡ

жΪＯʽ 1940 ΪԱ³ųＯʽ Ϊ˿ɱȵġ˹Ҳϲ뱴˹

ȣ³֪Լ΢ģҲȹȥӽ˹ 

ʵϣԴӶ³δϸľ־ ׫дĹίԱԺǸе׹̬

䵭ŷƪӦսŬģ Ҫ쵼³ƣǴˣ׼Ӧκ

κ??ҪӢغͼᶨ쵼ǡ³ ڲԺǣ϶ͳϲ

ԸͳѡĲ²ڼ³ŵֳ۵Ϊ ĳЩӰϻﲻú?ʿϺѡ

࣬ 6 ңǵʵˡ Ȼʧʱرͻʿʼ֯㷺˷֮а

ȫίԱϯ?ֶˣ漪ķ? ȫίԱ˾Ⱓ?ʯ;޸ȫίԱ?E?

ףʢ罻ĻԾԺųԱԼ 1940 꾺ѡ˶

ͷʱ³ŵľ޲?E?˺ι־ֳ ڲرͳ׼ֶεȫϯ׹

Լ鰣??ɭҲͬʱܰŷʿ ˼ͳϣɭָ֪֧ͳ˹ ˡ

ǡͬıеĹؼǲʿ˹İ»?Լɪ?֡ ķ?¸˹ص̨ԺΪǹǿĵλͷĿ

ò;ֹ밮ɹͨȻͬ 52 ꣬ ͷϡҰף߸ߵĸӣú˧Žᰮ԰գڴ

ѧʷܹõĽΪҪǣǸ?˹ҳ ѣ϶˹Ӱ쳬κˡǰ

»?ʹͳȡ 1940 ĵΣֱκ˸ ؿʮһ´ѡеʧܣڸͳЩ飬Ϊ?

ʿ͡

?ʿڹҹһλ˼άϽˣְҵ ֲŴѧңΪӽ׵ĿҪĹȷӽ

˾ӵʲ԰ԪƵҵҡʦ˼ң Ȩߣ׵ɣӵдʵ׷ߡ

?˹ܻӭˡϲ˰ټ ıʿ֮һ֪ȻҲױȡЦЩ

ԶԸĵרҵԱ˵ʿƺʵʡǴû ͳ 1940 ˹ǿӸǵģʱ˹Բپѡ

влʿΪľѡ顣ʿȺǸ ὲŪڣ˵ӡڰ˲һλԹ

ɱθͳƺʣȱβŸɣȱ εȤֲԺʱԼڰ칫ѧϰ

Ǹ̫ˣ̫Զ˼̫ɡɵùͷ ǶҪָء

Щ˵Уֻа»?ָ˶Իʿ ˼뱧֮ģ?άԸֵĹ۲һ

ֻǸݺѡ˻ʤĶǡ

ͳ˵ѡʿĻôһж޹ؽҪˡ˹ Ը˳ȻսҲֵÿ˾ܳʱ ȥв²⡣

1944  1 ڰ׹˹һʿǷȡ һλ飬ʱȫٿаꡣһѡ滻˵

У³ŵעĿѡ˹Ϳķ? Լ?G?شʹԱл?١ѹ߷Ժ

·˹?D?˹?D?˹ٵȡټ³ŵǺ ҲͬƳ籴˹ܵĿڲμ۵У

ͬ⻪ʿ˱޳κһܵ滻ѡҪࡣ

˹ܾȷʾԸʷѧҡʱһλ׹ Աղķ˹?˸׸?˹дģ˹ڴʱûб

θΪռͥʽˡ

³δκһۣΪķ?ײѡڹ Ҳ˵

˴?˹ǰ׹ϲˣܻ ʿоȵλ?ս˹Ψһȱ˹ӽ˹

ˣ߱˹ͳǳϣϺѡڴӵº عķ;Уս˹ϴǶͳɻʧ£

Ϊ˭ʺϽְ˹ԥ˵?˹ ˹̫Ըְܴʱ˿ʼʩѹ

ʱ˹עĲ 11 ﶪѡƱ¡ͳĽ״ÿ ²ٱӣսʱйشµκù̸ۡ4 ˹

һνġԴϢķסսʱʮܵķʽǰ ϿݵĲɵ?³ׯ԰ԭϢȴӳһ¡

?ͳذ׹ʱͳĲ̬еǳԾ Ȱ˵˹Ӱ첻ͳٴξѡҸеֺ

˵Ҳˡ?˵İѻʿ ȫǳȷšʿǵͳĺѡ??ݲϵع۲죬

Ϊ˹ͳˡ?ڻ 1944 ȫǰ ؼ⼸µʱдЩУ˶ʶ

˹һѡˣܾһλͳ??

ͳĲ̬ĵǺиݵģֻм֪ ״һֱܵؽһλಡרҵĲϼ죬3 ·ҽ

׼󱨸˵ͳõϤϵĻܻһꡣ

5 ·˹ɺ?ʿʹйܶΪ˾ǻʿҪ ̨ļ6 ³ȫʣһʱ˾½ŵ׵

մ󣬺ͱݷڰ׹ı˹˼СʱŬ˵ ˹ͬͳѡˡ˵ͳԶȷʵҪ ˹Ϊ

1940 ľѡ飬ԸҪ˹ ѡ?ɭ绰˹֤ʵ˺˵һС

6  27 գƽһ˹˵ʿӺ ѡõͳ˵ͳֻͬ⼪?˹

ǾͿԡ˳ͨȫѡ١

̫ˡ˹ش4 ǰ 1940 ȫϣ ҵĸͳѡˣȴڽˡ

ǲ˿Ĺϵش˵ͽҿ̸ ??

ȻԴ 1940 Ժѡ³һֱǺҪ֧ߣ úι־ֳϯзȨ

˹Ӱı˹

˹뱴˹һͬȥݿп͢Ⱥɽеͳ ׼üʱ̸ѡսԣ֮󱴶˹дȫԶ

ϣҳΪľѡ??

Ȼʱڳһʱ˹һλҲ˵ȣ ƣǶԸͳ²Ҫ̫ˡұ˭˽Ǹˣָ˹ 

ͳ칫ΧĶλԱͳԹ?³ŵĿ ʱ˹˵ûô˵³ţ˵촬̺?J?

ǡҪԸһˡ

»?ְ˹ҪڽȫͳԻʿ ֮ϡֺ˹˶֪＾ѡٽƾеģ

˹Ȳʤȯָ˵ʿϺѡζŶ ŦԼϦǡͼǣǰˣ

Ҫҳһλ˹ʤĿܷСˡˣݸֺļ¼ һȨѡ˵Ĳһ档

ͬⱴ˹ǿѡǱͽı˹ ʱ뿪̣Ϊʥͽڸֿͽǡ

ڱ˹սʱľչġ ˵ΪصǱ˹Ϸͼ¼ڰϵ

ǹؼë1938 건˹ϷԱзе ˽̷ļȷ棬ڲԺԱϯϵһηУҪȫɫ

Э᳤ֶ?ء˲Ѿ˹˵ ǽȻָŻλӺ

ֶ???ͬ鰸ĻôͬӦ ԱԱֹͣ

˹ʵΪ˭Ӧͳһѡʱᵽ³š ײͺ?J?

ֺ˹һΪķ?ײԵÿ˹ݣ һλϷˣˡԿǡǰԺϸ

һ飬Ψһʵѡǹ?³ˡ縥дģ

ڵβԺίԱϯڼ乤ɫڲԺ͹ϵͶƱ õģһƺĳ̶ֳϴڵıɣصһ

ݣδκΡġۡǺʵѡ

뿪׹ʱĿõͳͬ˹Ѷ³ſ ǶԺѡСˡⲻȫǶԸݲԱ˹

ϿɣȴǸĻͳȥʱ ӡҪԭΪ˹Ĺʽġ

Լͬʱ˹սԱѯίԱίԱ?ɭ˰ æİ칫Һͱ˹һڶ¥ɭѳΪһͳ

ϲˣʶˣʱʹùˮŮ˵ķϴ˰ ˹Ļӭ˹˲ͬǣʳʱʱ

ظͳ͵һЩƿװӽʱҲһЩĸ¨װ Ӽ˹һ͵͵ͳ칫Ҹ˵شڴڵسԼ͡

ĺһ˹ڸ˹ɫˣ ת汴˹ںѡƱ⣬Ǹͳѡɭ

ʮ屴˹Ϻѡ˵ܰæ ͳñ˹֪µĻô뱾Ը

֪ͳᣬҲ

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κǷȤĻشǡȤŪ ķңûͳԴϴμͳһˡ

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Ҳ뵱ͳ³ź?նķҴ߹Ժ칫¥ ʱԺնķ˵նķдκοϱ˶֪ Ļ

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º°Ϳǵһѡ7  9 ע⵽ ڲԱ³żսʱּ½ڶɱܵõ

κλᡣ

ͳֲԺˣ£û£ĥʱ⡣ ³Ŷһλѽ͵ǺܸߵġȫԵְλûκ

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˹?˹?ȸ³žѡͳ˲ϣ Ҿѡͳ³Ÿڸصд

ô˸ӽͳְλĺˣȴҪ ȷдҲ˼˹ȻҪ⣬˵Լ

ҲСˣϦǴ 1600 Ǹĵط ϣ 60 ʱӺŻκŰȥ

д 7  9 գʼԳ;ݳļҡ

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4 ͳ㱨˹һȳϡǳʱ̸ ͻʿȥɹŵðжɹ 17 δȥĵط

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ѡ˹뻪ʿ֥ӸȡͳʱϾ 飬ζŻʿļҪʹ࣬Դ˱ʾע벻

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ڶ 7  11 ڶͳʽѡһͳ?? ³дԶǵһϢɽʱԱϵ

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˹?O?˹?˹˹˵Ϊ Χκ˶ս˹ɵĴȥĻ

ͳΪ˭Ӯ˹ٴ˵˹

ͺ󣬷ʿ˵ȫԱֶ֡ˡ סһλرӰġʵ֥Ӹг?

ͳһۼڰ׹¥ͳɫԲңǰѴ˴ξۻΪ ԵĻ顣

ȣÿ˶ֻδ£ϣٰ пѡͳһһɸѡ˹ײٴα

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ǵ֥Ӹ絳ϸ 42 ŦԼݳ˹?E? Ϊͳѡˣ42 ˹Ĺ͵¶ְͳ䡣

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˹ΪѡҪһˣ˸еʼϲ ǣ?O?˹κ˶δ濼ǹġ

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ȻҲܹôϣԭ

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˹ָڱ?ʵϸ˵ͳĵһѡ֮ǰ ԼֳȤԺѡ⣬

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ͳڰ׹ȫǶԺ˵̸֪ۡ 뵽ˡ㲻һֱ˭Ϊһ

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һҪμӾѡ˹μӣ϶ܻʤ ڶ챴˹뺺͸?ֶ˹ʱظ˹

˵Ļţ˵Ҳ⡣˹Ҳ⣬Ľ ⣬ص׹İ칫Һ󣬸˹ͨ˵绰ʱ˹

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˼Ϊ֪Ҹ߹㣬Ҳûԡ

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ڸ߱˹ͳ˹μӾѡʤõ 

ݱ˹֮Ĺ?³Ŵ˵绰ܶ³ żǵõ绰ЩʱҪǰ֥Ӹʱġ

廹糿ĵ绰һ㲻ҲҪǼٶ ˹ͳ̸Ż³Ŵ绰Ļôп 糿

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˹ʶ³ŵ߱粻ҪͳʱǷģ ³ŻشȷʵġǺѡˡ˹˵˹Ѹˡ

ơɶ³֥ӸΪ³ˬشӦ ˵ܸ˲šȻʱҲȷű˹

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2

֥Ӹ絳ڸͳȫһƬңƺԶ ȻĽǵҰ̫ƭʩơŪĻ̫࣬

?˹ָ̫ȷ޳һС· ʱĸоϼֵԲģ

ԶӰĽ簢?Ϳдģ֥Ӹݳ ǰڻʢݳУ䷢չ׶һԵ

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𼪶ͳƺѺáԼһ͵Աţ ˹ʱڼ̤칫¥šų޲?A? 1932

Ժûȥ׹ݵ?ϸ˵ؿǶԶ³ ȫĺøУ־á԰?³˵

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ϼ ³˵¶ˣʾҪȡᶨ̬ȣȻҪƽ

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˹ΪŦԼ٣ʱ³ϹеְԱ ³ũѧϰʱʷ͡??½

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м۵ýƣ8 ˯ˡһ糿ڰǰһ ҹضŶЭ˵ÿһЩЭһЩ⡣?

˹˵ϱĳɺõġ

ڵ¹Ͷ֮ǰ𼪶 5  6 շһݾܵ籨УҪ Ӣӡءڵ¹ͶŷأҪص

Щʱͬ˴ɵľ·ֽߡ𼪶˵ǱǱó Ƕ١Ҫġ³ 5  9 ջص˵Ŀǰͼ

ǼǶŶЭĽ͡ڵ¹ζŴױӺ 150 Ӣ ֱﰮɭͺա

5  1l գ𼪶ַݵ籨Զ˼ŷǰ; ǡͳδڣһЩص⽫õ

ڵһݵ籨˵ҵĵڵ¹ױͦʱ ܷ˿µ顣ڵڶݵ籨˵˶ڲ¡

޵ĺݿ˹工ˡ˹ǡǺ µƬĿƣΪŷǰ¼ǶԲ

е⣬Զռ춫µʱʡԼڶŷдȷ Ƹе֮ǰ˾ǱҪġ𼪶˵

һֻŷ޺͡ս֮ǰõ  5  12 յĵ籨У𼪶ĵӱøʹ˾ֲ

Ҷŷ޾Ϊ??Ϥŷ޵İվѿʼ̫ƽս ֽϳŷ޵ıǵľӸǰİҲ

ҪԵĲüôӿ϶Ҫ롣Ӧκ˶ ܿľǣƵ¹⣬ŷ޴½ľںܶʱ

ڲڡ

ͬʱڶֻᷢʲôأ

ǵϽһĻ𼪶״ʹһ µ˵ǲ֪Ļڽʲô

˶Ϻܿĳͬ˹ֻҪԣȻ³Ϊ ڹڵԭӦ 6  30 ղȽ֮ǰ뿪ʢ١ͬʱ

ɹ?ս˹ȥ˹֡

5  13 գǶ³žͳһµӣдǵһλ ѵ˵һǳǳѵľءȷ

ȵͳĻ˾??ǣұΣ壬߾ȫ ֹ۵ϣɡ

? 5  14 հݷö³ۻ˹һʱ䡰 ꡢŵ̵̬ӡ

ǵģ³˵֤ǶԻǴ ҶҪ

Ϊʵֺĳ־úƽܹ໥Σ ϵϣƽ˽дǻԽСĹġ

СûģӢȻСţεز˵ ϣƽԸΪƽսġ

ս˹˹ֽʹ⽻ԻĸЧ ĸ

׺͹Żս˹ʹǴӾɽɽɻػʢ٣ Ϲ鷳оɥĪзڻع;Сս˹

ΪпƽϢ̬óɹΪ˹ֿ˹ ϵܣһֱΪ߶Ŭս˹Ϊ

ͷšزս˹ͬǰ

ʱ?ͬ£92 ɯ??³ͷһس ɻ󣬵һʢٽзʣҲӵͳһ 

³ͳרȥǽܴºšʥţɫ C54 ɻ˹ºŶӲ

յʱ𣬾ͳΪ䶯ʢٱʹ³Ÿеϲѡ ģô˳ӭ֪ᾪô

ˣ˵Ǿġͷ߶ձȴһֻ ੲݡɫװϴһͷһɫ

ññӻߡ

ʻ׹;Уڳ϶̣Ƿ˯ֿù ĴϡϷ˵ѪҺֱӿ˵ǱѡеĶ

˯ڵذϡ³ΪסŮ齵õͷһ

ʹеʮʣĸ׷ִ̫ߣ̫£ø ?Լѡ˸һСķ䡣

ʱĸ׽ڡڰ׹һܶʱ䣬סΧеˡ

鲻ԽϲعԱ?ֻǵã֪ ʮֱ˵ġڶ죬ģ̿

Բͻʢټԣ³Ŵͳͧ ˺Ϲ۹⡣

˿ͬ J?B?Τ˹غһλ˹װ޹һָ׹˽ ס䱻ˢһ£˼Ҿߣе򱻶ˡ¼Ҿ

ΪŶƷµĴǽϹ˴ӹ Ļ滭Ҫɽˮ˿ĸװˣסڱȶһ

ͷԶ³ŵĲԺ칫ҵ?µķα˿˽ 飬Ϊʿ飬סڻʿ˸ڵһ䷿

³š˿ظԼķ䡣³ͳһŹ ɫ㡢ĸʸ˵ĴϾޡ˹ʹù

ϲ¥Բ棬³Ҳ˹һ 鷿1801 ԪԼ?ǵ˹Բδй׹ĵ

һдᣬһǰ 7 µһȵҹ˹Ҳ ??ֺһЩˣ˭ĵڶź ѡˡ

˿䡪Һҡͳ ס¥ǵһͬĸһ֮͸䴰Ը

ϦǴ֡ҵķǷۺɫģаɫ¹żҾߣɫ ɫظ˵ռдﻹб¯;ӣ ܸߣ25

Ӣߣѷ׹һλľ񣬴 ʱҪĵ?ʢٴѧĩԡ

Ϊ壬³ſʼʹ˹һ޽Ӿء³ͼ Է򳣱ġԳƵĲӾʽȦͷˮԱ۾ʪ

ϣ𽥴ﵽγ 1/4 Ӣĳɼ

֮ǰͱ˿νġϢҡȱβƷһ£  J?B?Τ˹ػ䣬Ա˽ǵȺûķ˵㹦

һϣ˿״εʿɼβơܾʳఢ ?ƶȣһλҫƼ߳ľƵߣͨ

жԾƣÿһ˾ԵʿɣƬһС ǣٲζҩơڶϣҪҪŪ̫

ƶһ䷽

һΣȵ糿 J?B?Τ˹رԹ ʿɼβơͳЩ϶ȤΤ˹ͬƶ

̸˻ƶȵܵ˺ϣ˫ݵ ʿɣűһƷζʱһԾӦ

ϲʿɼβĵЦ˵ ƶλߴӢĺˣں̸³ŷʱ˵

ƭӡӱ߻ƨˡϿɵΨһ;Ǿܽ ĹɵóɫֻҪһ㣬ͲΪ˵ȥ

ˡ J?B?Τ˹ڰݳеرʵǺ;зȣ

̬ׯ̰塱ϲ˽ĶŮһ ֵҪЩڴŮöࡣ

ͳӡ֪֮Ͱ֮ءһڼΪ ʵϣǶϲͷ¶棬ҲڹڳϱȡΤ˹

дʲô¶һ𡪡飬㲥ٺͶ ໥̸ֺͰŵ?˹ 12 δڰ׹ס

Ǻһù͡

¥ķԱ 32 ˣʳߡʦŮӶˡܹ ľ繤ͻְλдκ?ķһ

˵罻˿?նķ͡ͷҰ׵ϹܼҺﰣ? ˹ءλܼ˹ϲˣʳʳһ㣬

ΨһƺΪˡٰ?ʷ˹ 1897  ʱǵͨԱͳ˽ͨԱѶ?ܿѷʱڿʼ

ְģԼ?÷˹Ҳˡ

³źദúܺá֪ܿÿ˵֡ͥ ڰ׹ͷʱһһܷԱ֣

Ǵδǰκһλͳ

פ׹÷?ʷ˹ԼǵãټԱĺӺʱ˸ ð׹ĳԱʱʧȥһλͳȫ֪

׹ɨҶӹͳʶϲͳΪںǣ ݣðҪԱ˰һǼֵȤ¡

һ鳤ʱһֱΪ̸۵Ļ⡣5  8 յ¹Ͷ Ƕ³ŵգϣʦɯ?¶Ϊ˸⡣

󣬶³߽ʾл?ƶע⵽Կ֥ һһλͳ׹ĳ˵֥Ƶؽֻ

¡Ϊ˲鿴ûӵʲôʩ

ܸе³ͳҵһ˶һ̵Ӷ ⡣ƶдϣҳΪһӺ??˹

ͳ飬ʹ˸еͶһȷʵˡ

?ս˹Զ³Ž˹ڸǸ ս˹ѵ˵ΪͳӦԼˡڻ˿ʼˡ

?Ϊвĸ?ֶˣֶ ˹ǰְǶһλϯĴͳ˸е

⡣³ŵĲԺѺ˹?ʩΤװͺս͹ 渥˿?˹ȸ߶³ϣ˵ġũҵ

ڿ͵?شְѡīԱֶ?ɭΪ 滻˹ԷѳǵĹʮ˾˹?ȵ¶

ĵÿ˹ķ?ˣһλ˾ĸ ˾

±䶯󼸺ûʲô䶯ڶ³žеļд ϣֻʼƴдԼֵĺǷиĸe³Ŷ

ҲδʾϧΪֶλɵˣֻȱ⡣

Ȼ˹λ˲ŮʿΣ⣬Ҳϲڸ λŮڱȵ¶³Ŷ̫

Ψһ©Ǳȵ¶ж⣬³ŶԴ´ ԱҲ²в˰ϽвһζԱ

˿˵Ϊ˱ȵ¶ԿߵһλԱ绰ͬȵ¶ ϵȵ¶裬˵ͳְͳӦԼ

͸һλڸԱҪԣ³ȥ ڴһЩķʽ߱ȵ¶δҪȻ ְ

ͳƺˣȵ¶дԴ龰Ŀվ ߵǶļ򣬡㿴˵⡯ôѡ

?˹˹˶Ŧ˹ι䣬յʹ ﵽλڸԱһ롣ֻΡʿ

˹ĦԤҲ̫áʷֻ͡ɵս ʹ˹ضΪΨһһλпεˡ

ӱ°Ƕ³Ÿ˵ơ˹⣬е Ⱥûзâ¶עĿߺŵ

ɡе˶ɿˣǷǳ׵ѡҪǣ еλ˹ʩΤװͺպͰɭڹιְ

³žļһ԰Ѵ󲿷иǿڸͬ ദñ˹áѡķ?ҲҪǸķ?ײ Ժ鳤Ƽ

Ͻְҵźǣ³ŻһλԤ ۾ĺһλˣξСղķ˹?K?

һ?ֶȡֶͬһߴ 1940 ԺѡĽҪͷͶ³վһֶһ֪ʹ

ͷˡһΣ³ֶͬߴ?׺Լ?˹ε ͳͧڲ˺Ѳβһֽ֮ռд

ڴЦеʹ

ȻһΪǶ³űֳĵһ ȻⲻһһҲ˹ 

־ֳά?ڼ³ ˵ǿѹҪݲԱ˼?գ

˳ơˡλͻɢĲԺ鳤ͲίԱϯ ڡȨ۷塱в˵³Ÿʿ

쵼һе׼ ־ֳҪΨͣΨס˹Ϊղ

鷳̸Ҫְ

һλᶨġʿڶ³Ž˹ ϣķ˼ٵ׹³ŵӡǣ

Ĺһֱǵһģ³Ҳ˵Ȼ΢Ц Ƿ׼ֹǣᱻ

ȻջЩ鷳³˵ǰͬս

һУʾɵغͼѵؼţ??û̸ ΪͳҪҽеʲô??û̸??˹ͳ

˵չҵԸûеõأɳЩʲôƻ

û̸Щˡ 塣ʵûαĿ֮ʣûиøӻֱ˵

յķԼδʲôӰ졣5  23 գԺ׼ һ

Щʱ򣬶³ڼ֮ǰϲɫضĹԱ˵

˻Ѫġ

5 ĩһ糿³ 9 ӵ϶ĹԱ˵ һ𷴶Ե顣˺ղ?ǰһ

ϸд˷šżʼУҲ޼ˡ

 1933 ˹״γͳλǰͳڰ׹һֱǲܻ ӭˡ³Ϊ˽״̬ʱˡ˵ϣ̸ŷ

޾ȼüĵ⡣Уû˵λ һˣǾͬ˹ȶָ֪ܵˡ

˺ղ?𣬡³ռд??ʳƷ ͳλձ鷳ͽԵ ̸

һне˳³Żʹ֪ٿЩ ʲôҲΪʲô˰鹦ϵۡ룬ϵָ ҡ

4

½ȫְԱɵĸ߶ȱܵ S1 ʱίԱᣬʷ͡ ϯ⣬ 8 Ա 3 λĿѧҲüƻо

ǣѧУоίԱϯղķ˹??أ ʡѧԺԺ?T?ն٣ѧо뿪Ρʢٿڻ

ѧԺԺ߶?ʲ?A?͵Ǻǰ֥Ӹ ҡ?L?Ǹ𾭼͹óרҡ?L?

ɭŦԼٱչ˾ܲãʷ͡й S1 ƻر

 8 λǼ?˹ͳΪ˽˴ һλ 1945  5  9 ʷ͡Ǵ¥칫ٿ

ǣǵƼпܸı̵ж¸ص½ ˿ס 5  14 պ 18 ռٿ5  31

 ģټ˹ؼ飬뿪ԭӵ 4 λѧɵ רŹСҲμۣǣ֥ӸѧĶ?׺Ͱ

ɪ?H?ն٣ǴѧУķʵҵŷ˹?O? ˹ԼΪҪ˹Ī˹ʵ J?޲?±

Ĭԭӵʵװġ

һλ˰ͬ˹ϵڵһϵй㷺⡣Ъ

һЩǵĿѧۿһ⡣ ˹ԣһֵõͬĹ۵㣬õļƻǡ

оȷǴȵλͬʱһŬͬ ιϵ

ۣίԱͿѧҹСһµó 3 ۣ

1.Ӧձʹԭӵ

2.Ϊ˸ܶľ̵ӡǡӦԱס ܻٻΧսʹԭӵ±ĬǱ֤

˵ԭӵɵӾӰǾ޴ġ

3.ʹԭӵǰ档 ˹뿪᳡ֱӵ׹³Ż㱨ݱ˹Ļ

䣬³˵ֻǿͬ⣬Ϊ벻취?? ͬʱʷ͡յһӡĳšų֮Ϊ

һλʵдġֵעļŴЪ ͨİȫдͳġҽ԰ͳһ͸ʷ

͡ڻ˵ͨ˹??

ϵ 5  24 գסŦԼ 11  23 ŵһλĹ ʦ O?C?³˹дġΪ S1

ͬλط빤ģԵ սܺһֱΪԭӵеġһͷųܶδζ

ʲôš뷨ǸŵЪ˹Ҳ ǹ˵ķ軰ΪʮʵġԱĽڸ

ƻ׶Σ³˹غһϣ⽫֤ǲ ܵġȻԶ׼ǣֻҪ¹κοгɹĻ

ᣬǱֻһ·ߣǾǣ߾ȫǧټȵõ ڵ¹л֮ǰݻ??ֻҪ¹вڣ

ͲòȫٽУ??ŵ¹вǾͱֹͣƻ ǿҪձһĿʹһԭӵΪʾԺͲ ԭϡ

ҵȻκ𺦶սĽ飬ܿܿ£ ֪Ŀǰձܸ޽Ƶؾԭϸ

Ѻõö??ǹҵδƽǰ;壬 ҪΪ΢ᣬڹûӰҲûԴ˲

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͵˰׹³ſûУö֪Ȼűܿ˻ ûʲô˵ͳķӦ

ڶ³ŵľԴ 6  3 յױռеõһ ʾȹ˼ǳæµӡΨһۡ˵

Ȼʶԭӵըɡ󡱵ƻ

ʵϣû˶һܲʮѧרС Ԥıը൱ 2000 ֵ 20000 ֵ TNT ȡ

˿ҪʱչרǵĹ 3  5 겻ȣȻ޷˹ƶΪ 20 ֮ࡣ

ʷ͡϶˼Ǹ㷺ʷԺίԱһλ ˵ԭӵһʽҲ

ϵĸ仯ǺεȵҪ O?C?³˹˵˼ ζšĩաԭӵһָ˹̹ħԼ

ԼĹע߿ζš ơѧרСŷ˹?O?˹ԤԣӵϵԴ

̫Դӻпֵܳģ˭Ҳ֪

6  6 ʷ͡ǰͳϸݱ档 ʷ͡߶³ţ B29 ըȼյըձƻ

вʷ͡˵һֱҪ׼ȷغըĿ꣬ڿվͨ˵ ǲΪձ¹ҵУǷɢڹ͹סм䣬



ʷ͡ʶսĿճ־ãڻʢͬȫһ ںըĿ̬Ѿ˺ܴ仯1937 ձ˺ըϺʱ

ΪŵıС1939 սŷޱʱ˹˫ ҪƣƽС˵Ұը 1940  12

µġ ⡱ݽرͽԣΪ¹ը׶Ͽսп ը»?R?Ĭ˵ջһΰĳǶôľٶ

ǣսƱˣ³ƤȻЯŵ̹ ɭʫƪдһġֲ¶ˮѾø

ֲˡ1945  2 µǸ죬ڶԵ¹˹ٵοϮӢ ģһġȼյķ籩Դ 200 Ӣ֮ⶼܿ

ƹ 13.5 ɥ

һڡ־˼ 300  B29 ըϮӿ Ƭ־˵ΪֹֻзԴʱ

˵ƻ־ûᵽжˡŮ˺Ͷͯը 3 

9 յ 10 յǸ϶Զһ˿µĻϮУ 10  ɥըĻԱϮпŵսζ

ձٴηҪսףϮš5  14 գ500  B29 

ըϮձҵݣŦԼʱ֮Ϊսʷȼ С5  23 գ 5 ƽӢĨȥ˺ۼ36 Сʱ

16 ƽӢĵ⵽ݻ١ڣغС 桢񻧵ҲϮ

ʷ͡Զ³˵ԸġΪϣաǣ ҲձһЩĿܱϮը»ʹ S1 û

ıȥʾһƺ³ŵļ⣬ʷ͡ ĵģԵ˹Ź֣ȻʹЦȻһ䣬˵ ˡ

ʷ͡ЪĵĶӦӦöձʹԭӵֻ ʹֹܾɱʷ͡ 1942 ޷˹ָʾ

ԭӵԱʹս ͡ǿģίԱýѯʵġͳ

һ˵Σʹ˽һȫÿжϡ

ͳҪģдҲ̫ڸ һ㡣ίԱĽͬҸ˵ƣȻǶصóҵĽ۵ġҸе

Ϊʹʼ¹ͶԾ޴𶯣ʹ֮ ֤дݻձ۹һЧ𶯽ʧ

˺ձ˵

ίԱͿѧרС鿼ǹĳĿһԭӵ Ϊձ˵һ޺ļʾĿԣˡЪ

룬ȶԴĺʩȡĿꡱʹһ бҪҵʹã񽫻ȵõȥЪ

˵ǱȾİ취ʹʱǲ ЪȻı뷨⣬Ҳ

ίԱʽԱѧ˵κʾ׳۵ Ҫġ޴𶯡Ҳֻбһը˵ը

飬ңȹһ˵ޱȵһʧܣҪ ûͼҪ⣬ֻ֧ձ˼սȥľġ±

ĬڴѧרСдĲ˵

ʹЩϣǿѧͬǵǲһµģЩ ӴʾƵľӦͶȡЩŴ

ʾϣʹԭʹóΪǷʹ δ̸еܵ𺦡ǿھʹø

ĻᣬʹԭӵƹǰΪǶ ֹսĹĶڶһضĹġǷԼӽںЩ

۵㣻ǲʲôʾŻսĽ飻ֱӾӦ⣬ ΪûκοԽܵѡ

˹˽һĹǣȸձͶԭӵĵ ǿܻսתƵΪԭӵ˽İ

Ĭǿԭӵը˽ȳȼյըٵöࡣ  2 

ʷ͡߶³ţίԱǿĺи߼¹̸۵ ǣֹսһġֵȱʲôҲС

ʷ͡뵽˳Ҷ뵽˳ټձ硱 ӵķɻӵϮ˻Ժĸսн ڵ 30

ҽͧըû300 ܴ𻵡 10 ĺմս ڵϵ½ʱܵÿӵеķ翹

սڼҵؽС 1.2 ˣ 3.6 ˡձ ʧ 10 11

ձɥݺо ƽܸߴ 15 ൱˿ڵ 1/3

ǰԭӵ⿴رҪЪ˵ Ǹով˳ʹ顣ǰ̫ƽҲй

ƵľƵĵһŵ״ģʼʧҪ

أ??ձÿζǲͶҪս??Ԥϣ ڹڵĸֹϵձϵĵֿӼҡǶԶһ

ĺը 10 ɥƺδκӰ졣ǵģձһЩ

бݻˣ֪ǵʿ˿δӰ죬ˣܵĻ ƺбҪǲȡж??ǱսǱ



һЩͬԭӵƻйصδμίԱ۵ĿѧҵУ ۴мķ硣

֥Ӹѧ?£һλĲŻڵѧ ң밮˹̹һ˵˹ȿʼʵһоƻ4 ³

д˹һݳı¼˵ձʹԭӵͻͬ һԭҶԱǷⳡսдձ

һĿΪҪʡ˹ȥһ¼δͳ ǣʼ֥ͨӸѧұʵҵһλѼͬ°˼³

šλа?һλѧңԿ˹ǣΪ ֧оԺķãһΪķ?¸˹ع

Լȥ׹εԼ?ڿµı ¼ҲΪһ⣨˵һʼЩɣΪ

Լǿ˹Ǵġ£ͳϣ? ˹²֪˹ʱίԱãҲ֪ýҪ

Ϊ䣬֥Ӹѧֶ?ػһλѧҹ ޵?ͬ£ҹ˻𳵸˹̹

5  27 գʱίԱʮֹؼһλļǰ˼ ˱˹˹ű¼ϱŭ¼˵ֻ

Щ漰ʵеһ˽⣬ѧҡ ܶʵ˹±˹ƫִͿԴ

е񡣡̸ֹߵ˲õӡ󡣡 ˹д

˵˹Ӹ޷˹ǶϤûˣ ӵԭӵܡõؼԦˡ϶Ϊǡǡ ෴Ч

ݱ˹˵¡ػйԭӵһ УûмԡǰƵֿĿ־塣

뿪˹̹ʱĸ³һԸ飬ڡ ԭ򡱷κ¶ձʹԭӵڻ֥Ӹ;ڻʢ

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𼪶ѮһеļźΪȳκ˶ ࡣһλ٣פߣϷǵսӢóί Աܲã

1911 Ǻ׫д 19 飬ңҲ ҡɷ򡢸ףһĵĽڼ߹һΣҪǮѲ ݽ 5

¾ 5 ԪһǱѫ游 ǹҶ֪ĸˣŦԼ?

ķη棬ʼǸصԱΪɵԱת

ص˷ϵʧܺͳ裬סԼֵ 飬ŦԼһײЩɥΪսڼ࣬

ΪӢ־Ͳӵĺ࣬ӢʨĻЩ ߵԴʶĿڶ׽˵ļܣ˵Ҿʨ

ģʹ䷢ŭ𡣡

ŭݣϤľ V ƺ͹ѩ̣ ӢʹףȻΪΰ֮һʼ

˭ʱȻ˹ȥˣ˾ͻ˵𼪶 Լ˼³Ҳ˵Ȼ˹һ

Ȧ˲³Ŷǰ֣˽±ʾʮǣǵı Ǽȵӳ𼪶˹һʱ龰Ļ䣬ʱ

ڿƣױȵĹעͰһʮ㣬Լ ໥أʹӻ̻̲˹𼪶 9 棬𼪶 㣬

1700 ŵ硣ʰ׹ʱһҲͬڼһ ˹϶޽һʽĹݵʱǺĲ

ãһ糿ǰĳʱഩ˯ڴ ⲽѩѣŰأ˵Ҫٺ˹̸̸

һرϲĻʢٴţ֪Ƿţ ˹Ǹʱʷϣʫ˺Ϸ磬λ

ǵרҵԱݵþƾǵľ״̬ﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵ 

˹˵㴦ͬһ 10 ںȤŵ?˹ ³ŵһ̸˹ٺദǶôҪ

Ӧ˹˵飬ƾž˵ļӴʫϣһ ƪ¡

ǣ𼪶Ͼˡȥ̬ӣƣʹ ˾ɥ˾޴Ļ쵼ĵ۹ƲǸǿȨ

7  5 յĴѡٹ 10 ȾӵƱܽѡٱ Ƴ٣ָ˵ڶ壬𼪶ôˡ

Ȼôʤ˽ȴʾûаա

𼪶ڵһλ³ʱ˹ڶ³ͳ ְλ񻰵һ֡Ժ𼪶ܵ߶Ⱦ˵

ͳͧϽһһʼ˵ұϣ Ҷܲ𾴣ҲԸ˹λ??ʵϣ³

Ŵһʼ͸ǿҵӡ̸СʱҾݶ³˵ ȴûпйػ飻𼪶صԢŮ˵Ƕô

ϲλͳ?𼪶дŸĸ˵˵϶¡ Ҹ˲ϲüˣ⿴ͺϵ۵ıӣҲ F?D?

˹ܿóְֵˣǿˡ

𼪶Ѽҽ?Ī³Ƿ𼪶 ˵ΪС˵³Ǹоĵˣ

Ĵֻ˰Ľ²վΪ֤۵㣬 ľʵذȻֻžһ

Ȼݵ³ռеļأ𼪶ӡ󲢲

ôáͬ׹ĹܼҰ?ƶ۱˿ʱԶ ³ŷ򸾵İ֮ʲࡣ

ǽһμ̸³ָ𼪶һͷ ˡһʵ˼Ӣǿ˵ġҽ

࣬ҵĹҶôΰôȰ˹ôҵȵȵķϻ ??ҿ϶ͼ̫еĻǻദõġ

˹ִʱĶҲû¶档ĶΪʲôûö֪ ֻƺһ졣

ڶ³뿪ʢڼ䣬ձפĪ˹ƴʹ֮ ʼ˽Ӵ̽ͣսĿԡ7  12 գձණï¸

ٴʹȥһ⡰ܡߵ籨ʡΪսܵ صѺءϣսѸ

Ҫɽ̫Ϊʹ׸Ī˹̸С

ٻص˵̸ۺƽûġǿ˵һ̸ ȫʵġĪз򲻸ȤֱԲظ߶磺

ףϣսûѡأֻܽ Ͷ֮ʮֽӽ

ݵ籨ϵͳػڼǰձͱˣ ͸˶³šҪǣҲ˵ձͬ Ͷ

ͳ鱨ίԱõһݱ棬˵ձͼ Щƽͬ˹м첻͡ʹûľ棬Զ³˵

ͬͼƵһҲŶ 1941  12 ձϮ ʱڻʢٽкƽ̸еĲʹ䡣

16 ³ŵճ̰пȱι۰֡Ӽڿ  2 ĳϣ10 Ӻ󣬶³ɱ˹ͬ

˳ֿϳĺĳĸٹ·Ѹʻȣ 紵;ˡ

ȥóеİ;˲ڹ·һߵȺĵڶ װʦл̹˺ͰĴװ׳ֳţһͷ

ͣ£³Ŵӳ˵װʦ Ҳڴ֮ǰֻչʾ׳۳档һ

ʽװ׳˳űӣվڳϣӻһʿװ ʻ 20 ӣһӢ볤õʿϼԪװ

㹻֧ȥķˡʱ롣

ӼǰУǰüӢ·Ŀ꣬ǵӣսĶԫ ڣƺͷ޼ҿɹĵ¹СǴСؼ翸

ǵĸƷڹ·ǶУеĴ󲿷˺Ͷͯ ƺûʲôرĿĵǰţãȻĿͣûзŭû

ˣҲûп־壬һ龰ʹͳܡϴս󣬵 ͳ?ѷʱȺӢۺ;һ

ǰЩļѵİǵеĶ˶ĵȴ޶ ԣͷҲ̧һһۡ

֣ 4 кǧĵ־۹׶ ģ˵ǰİģССͳʻϽ

˹ִֵ֣н֣һ˳̵Ѳ ڡѾɨһЩҪͨнֵԵש

ߣ⵽ըٵû˴ݶĽк֮ۻ˶ ¥ߵĴѡеĶúŪˣܵУʬ

ͳŵˮɢŵζܡ

ӢըҹͣУԼ 5 ڿϮڷ 5 ڵ¹ʽϮ׶ʱ 4 ¼䣬Ĵ

;ӿ˽

֣³ŵĳڵ۹ͱڻٻʯͷ̨ͣ ϣɴ׷Ƿ̸۵˵³

û³ӣһµ飬ʼ˵֪ ˵ЩʲôܡǵһŪɳ׾ʱ

ȫе˵Ļ

˲Ǳź͸óƯĹ԰԰Ĳк

1939 ꣬ϣΪԼ 50 գ˾Ӻ̹˷ 

ӼǰУƹķ棬ۼ ڶȺʣǲǵ¹ȫʤͽ

ǸߺԪꡱ׷ͳ˧ųӾã

1933 ꣬ɴһѻȻ޻ڹˣϣնȡ ȨҪĽڡ

ʵˣĶһЩϣ˵һЩҲ һЩƬż¼ƬԱİֵʵǻû

׼Ҵδ˵ƻ³д 1918 Ŀ һЩ飬ǡԵĻ𡱡ϽľǴ 1898

˹ϵġոԡƹ϶ȥŰ͵Ǵĺпʼģ ˵һΥսɵѡڵһѹֵ

ϣС̸ִսµƻԣ˵ڡ Щӻʢⳡսʶһ㡱³ںܳ

һʱһֱܵ䡣

뵽̫ձˡҮ·䡢˹??Ӱ ˹??лɼ˹ڵռд??ϣĳ

ʽĺƽǣҵĻķչȵ³˼ͣȵ¸ ʱûҪκʽĺƽˡ

龰Ժþơǣ ܣʵģڸ˿˵

磬𼪶ҲԼѲ˰֣˰СʱʱӲ˵۹ ϣյĵرַӮⳡսǰһоͻ

ϡ𼪶˵Ǿͻ ˵³ŲԸЩ߶ΪʹЩҵ

Ϊֻۿǡ ֲɷûļǱܾҪ񣬲ýӽ

ڰͲ˹סأֻܻò?˹żṩ Ÿ壬ǳòС?ºڶ?ܿΪŦ

Լʱһר׫壬ƲصԼɪ?˹ֿ϶ͬһ Ҳ˰ĳأ֪ĳ֡дλ

Ԫ˧ѲĳУڳĲк ߶š

ʱⳡϷЩʱƺǼһĳеġ̹ еһʱ̡鱻ĥһǰǺ

塣ǷĻһسУŵ ϴ󲿷Ȩ??

Ȼ 7  16 һͬһֵȣֵĻٻ̶ ҪСöࡣʱ³Ų֪˭Ҳ֪賿 5  29 ֣

ʱ 1  29 ֣λīɳĮİĪվصһ ƫƧضηһĿѣ⣬һĹߡʷ

ϵĵһԭӵըˡʷ͡ڵ 7 ڰͲ˹ס յϢʢٵ?ɭһݾܵ籨ѵ

ֱ͸˶³š

籨ƣʩδɣƺ⣬ѳ ԤڵЧ󱨡

2

12 ֻʱҴӰ칫̧ͷ˹վſڡ ͳռд

 7  17 ڶ磬͸³ߴĴս 䡣ʯװ޵С¯ϷһɶƽġӢŮά

ʽˮѼľﻭİ칫ڷڶŵһǣ һܴĶ̺ŵ̾ϸӼȴ 4 ֻצͬ

Ԫ˧õĪзԱ

˹ǰһϵģסڲ̹һƬŨܵɭ ĵʱԼӿķֹ˻г 1000 ӢȫⱣ

ܡ˵ٵʵҪΪʾԼҪԡ ʹ³Ⱥֵĵͻῴ 12 

Ӳ֪ĵطͻȻֲΧ¥żӺһ ķյɿˣķʹֻܿģ

Ӱ˹߳⣬?ֶһԱ¥ ̨ȥӭĵ?˵ɫ¥Ķ

е㲻֪롣

վǰȥӭ³ռмд΢ Ц֡Ҳ֣֣ͬĪзԱ

?? Լɪ?άﰺŵά?ʩάһ˹֣ΨһȨ

ġˡӵ 1.8 ˿ڡ170 塢ռݵ 1/6 Ĺҵľͳߣս޲ʤǿӵͳ˧³뼸ÿ

һͬμһȵط֣˵İСһС ӵζ³˹ߴԼ 5 Ӣ 5 Ӣ硣

صشĿ䲼Ʒкɫ£ɫ߷һֱ쵽 ǣǰڴһöϵźɫдĽǣӢ۽£

⸳һֱñȽϿƵȨ֮⣬Ρһ˫һ ɫСзе֣СӺʹַЩѳʻҰɫ

ɫá߲ȦбΪġķֹ ɫһ־þڵĲĲ԰ףټһ

ĺܲݱ̲ѬȾɫ˸߶³ţ첲 вм̫ԣǶʱһ¹ɵġ˹̳úףһ

֧һ֧̾Ǽָ䣬Ҳֻơһ˫ 쳣ġȥӲĳҲӲ?ս˹һ˵ 

վԱΪ³Ĳף˹ǰĪ˹ƽӼ ͻս˹ʱȣࡣ˹жٻӲ˵ࡢ

ܵ͡ڶ³ſƺһλˣǵʵ 5 ꡣ ˹ 1879 ڸ³һƶͥĸЬϹѧ

ƣĸǸϺͿڼҳнӻƵϴ¹ڳΪǰ ѧʿġ

³Ŵƽ˫ſۻɫ˫ɫЬԱ֮£ȥ 

ʵӣű˹Īз򣬲׺ 򡣶³Ÿ˹֣֮ĻڴѾá˹ׯصͬ

˵ĸϵʮҪ˹Ϊգʼ˹й ˯ϰߡ˹˵ֻսıϰߡ³һЩ

ἰ˹Դºų˹ΪԼɪ塱ǶλȱĬе ˣҲûдﵽԤЧ

³˵ϣ˹ּ˵⽻ң ԸòȡĿͨʾͬ޳ɡ

ʱ˹ϲԳһɫ

ǼҪ̸Ŵܵ¹顣˹˵϶ϣջţ 򰢸͢ĳءȻͻȻȫ˵Ŷ

̶ģ׼ 8 Ѯձսޡй ֤йһ֣ڲ ⡣

³˵еرˡ˹ֺҪȷ³Ļ ظ˵ 8 ѮŶ̶ġͬձս

Դˣ³űʾŵԳġ

ʱ?ֶ˷䣬ڶ³ŵĶҪҪ롰 Щһ͡

³ŵ׼ʲôˣκѬ⣬ֶκѬ ˵ǹõĻôҲһ³Żش˵

˹òʱ˹лˣ˵ⲻܡ³˵

¾¡˹ˡͲκѬ ⡢ȡ֭˿˶ˮƬǡ

ǹѩѺһּѾƣ˹ûгѩѣ ƺá

³Ϊеúܺãһʱ˶ ģҲ㡣ϲ˹ˣпܴһ

ҪЭ飬ԴҸеϣġ

˹ּܸºӡ𼪶һȰѶѽ ֮ա˹Ͷ³Ҫŷ޵в

Ȼϲ˹ˡ˹ڼ롰Լɪ塱ദ ǢڻŶڼ˹ֵΪʱ?˹д

ʵϲԼɪ?E?ά˹פʹ̹ڼ䣬 Ͷ³һμӻ飬 1941 һݴǳȴܳ

顶Ī˹Ƶʹ˹ּͺơСϲ ĻСҲά˹дɭ

ԺĪ˹ƺҲԲͬķʽ˹ǡװĴ Ϳ񡱡

³д˹Ķţƺʵʵˡ ֮һҲû۵ļڻδʼʱ³žѾ

ҪĿģϲ쳣ռд 8  15 ղμӶ ս·ʱձ˾군??ܶԸ˹֡

˹ֵһȴΪ֪ȶɣթ޷ݵ ̣ÿֲֶκܾʵжͳΣԴݲ԰Ƶı

ū۸˸ֱӵΣһеʱⲿ˽ò ôȻ˵ 1945 ʱǲٳΪʲô

ˡŶǰϦĶ·ݡʱܿ˵˹ּȨ  300 ũڼϴ 100 򷴶ߵĹ

ˡ˵Ļ˵ʵʤ۱磬Щʵʵ ӿ¡ 500 ũɥʧԼ 1000 ˱ϵǿ͸

Ӫȥ׷ҵǣ˹ά˵ ȫʬףѻɽʬס

1942 ꣬˹ֱ𼪶1000 ũ񱻡ˡ

1940 ϣһ˹Լڼĳһʱɱ ٣ĿɭִɱʵϣԼɪ塱ǿǰĴ

ģɱĹ֮һֲ׵ۣеɳʣûʲô ?ϣҲ˶ѡ

Ȼдǰ˹ֵΪֹûṩʲô ˵ʵԺԸ˹αװţ

1945 괺ڵºŶͲ̹Һͻս˹һ 10 

˹ֵΪƿģġ˽ֹǺƽ

⸱ߺ˿׶̵ļ

⸱ǳɹԱֶΣѵȡڵºһ𼪶 ˵ڷĿٵڶսᵼ³ǧ˾ʿ޹ɥ˹

˵һǳ磬ǧ˾ͱͳˡ

20 Ĵʹѧˣ³롣ֻҪһ˵ Ϳ˽ڻ˹ֵĳμʱд

̵ӡ??رע⵽˫ۡ׺ı顣?

ˣҪ 5 ſĻ³¥ݣʡ ķ˯ȥˡ

3

̹һȫᣬҲսʱͷһδΪյվ Ļ飬ڲֹ̹Уȥ³ʿĹ

ǰȱ¹˺ֱһҽԺٵ״ ¥ʯͷ¶ӺӴӢ

԰Ժ԰һֱ쵽ߣԺһ޴λ̳ ֲ˺ɫÿ

ľװĶѨ״ĽӴңڿյ Ķ֦ε߻谵ɫʵɫɫͽɫ

Ч֪һ¥ߵľʹ͸Կ԰ ˮɫ

һֱ 12 ӢߵԲλ񷨹ϲ ѾƵɫһĺ̨Χȵذڷ 15 ӣ3 

ÿһ 5 ѡרΪ𼪶˹ֺͶ³׼ 3 һӾܱ ϳΪǱȽϴα϶һԲЭĶƽ

һȦӺͼСӣŵĹʺרʹ ãֻ۵Եרʱŵ

3 λ쵼˶ӸԵŽ᳡ÿھжܰ ءȫϯҲˡ

³ȻԴȴ׻ɫǻһոµİ׳ ͺᡣ𼪶˹ֶļ䲼Ʒ𼪶ڴ ʱȼһ֧ 8

Ӣ糤ѩѡ˹һİİ һӣ˵׼ˡ

³ŵұű˹Ų׺ʹά˹𼪶 п?񣬴𼪶ڴѡеĹ֣

ӹ濼ǣμӻ飬ԱܳΪĽӰˡ

ŦԼʱ˵ʷϴûйһλһʤ һûйλغ͸Ӹӵ

⣬ҲûйΪԵȫҸ縺 شΡ

Ȼʱܿļֳֽ߲вɷõĽ 200  Ҳڳ𼪶˵ǡŭ塱Ϊڲ̹

©Ϣ˹ּŵÿһ¶һȦ̵ĺ еġκһʱ᳡ԱҲܵ

ơһΣ˹ȥһЩļֲòȺ򼸷 ʱŮԱ߽ȥ£ֱ뿪Ϊֹ

 5  10 ʽʼ˹´ǣ˵³ͳ ΪڳΨһĹԪףӦֻ顣𼪶顣³űʾл⣬

ȻͬڹһݽһֱͶ׼õĽѸ ΪλӦѭ³һⳤίԱ

ᣬΪٿһκƽҪ׼˹ʾԥѯʽ ŷ޺ƽΪҪйμӡ³һݶԵ¹ʵйƵĲ

𼪶˵ûл³׼õĹִ ŶԵڸ3 ֤Эбŵŷ޹ͨ

ѡٽʧʱؽӴֵĻ⡣Ŷ ûеõִСرע

ĹǡǺϣ𼪶ٴ˵Ҫʱһ ļ

Ŷúܿ죬Ҫıߡ뾡 Ϲʱ𼪶ʾԣΪ֤۵ڶ˹Ļ䡣

𼪶˵۵ش̫δڲִ١Ѷ³ţ ̨ʱϮӢ˹˰Ѵ˾ٳˡ

ǰӢͬڷ޴̡

³ͣһ£Ϊᵽ˹ͻش 

ˡ˵лλϯҡ˵Ǵ ĳֵֻ̿μӻġòһˣ޷

ġΪˣҲΪȫ˹ʹԪ˧֮ õƹϵ꣬³ϣʱƣҲ

ͬƹϵꡣλˣΪף Ż𼪶ʽشʱϵ̸ıˡ𼪶Ļ

ʽּأפ׶شʹݵ¬?ɭͱ˹ Ա?ƶ˼¼

𼪶ɭ¼˵ӢŸлͳܱҪ ϯְ񣬸лزΪ׵ǿ󹲺͹Ĺ۵㡣Ƕ˹

ͳĥУһʷʱֵ̳ϼȥ ԸＫֿľ⡣ţ֮ĶһǸ֮

ĹϵǧټƽشԽ֮࣬ϵҲ Խܡ

˹˵ϣ˵Ǻࡰȫͬ 顣

ʢеķʽΪ𼪶ͳϲ˹ֺͶ³һ ֱ˵Ҫ

ֵ˹ֽˣ̣ܵͣܶͣٵʱܳ

һϰںԱһϣ۵¹ʱӢ Уķ䡢¹⳥йȨֳָأ⣬

ʸδͲǰ;

𼪶ͬⲨҪ⣬˵һֻճӦⳤ

ǡ˹Īзȥ˹ֺͶ³Ŷͬˡ

ǽΪ׼һЩĵˡ𼪶˵

ˣǻǻرܲ˲ĵ⡣˹ֻش

ǻǵġ𼪶˵ţýһ ׼

˹ٴתйμӺƽԤ⡣𼪶Ϊ йҪĸ˹ֽ齫һύⳤ

ȥۣҲ𼪶İϷ³˵ⳤǾй ӣ跴ԡ

ȻⶼⳤȥۣǾ¿ˡ˹ ˵ǵĵһЦ

𼪶ΪⳤӦΪÿĸ⣬㹻ʹæ С

³̲סˡеĿġ˵ҲԸֻۣ Ҫ

ÿ춼ջ񡣡𼪶شͺڸտʼ λͳƵġ

ǵģ´λϣ㿪ʼ³˵

𼪶˹廰Ŀ䵽𼪶 ϡ

࣬֪Ƿƽֵ¹ ӣ

֧ҪôֵҪôݻ٣𼪶˵սǿµĶ

Ƿְɣ˹˵𼪶ԸĻԳ ֵĴֻΪıǿɱġע⵽ི

˻¡̫˹ֵԻ˱ˣʹ³Ÿе ΪǶ𼪶ĲΪɽ?ڸӵ˵

໰̫࣬³ȴʵ塣³ڸ˿д ʹֲԺĹԵñȽ˳ԶԼͶԱ ۸еˡ

˵ǵϣϽ˵δ ׿гЧĹ˹ҵͬԵ⡣ҷǳģΪҲ

֪᲻ᰴչطչô˵Ѿ˿ˣѴﵽҴ еĿġ˹ 8  15

ղսûи??Ҹ˵ǽǰһ ս뺢ǲȥˣҪ??

Ըһֻʹѹıҵط

 7  18 һдġڸĸ׺õУ˵𼪶 ੲݣ˹ֻǹʲô˼뿪

ʢٺ?Ѹд 6 ţҪڼ䣬 ͨϵ糿Ϣǣ֪ϲ

ϢάάĴӣ½ʿ?³͡

ڸ˹۳ˡɯŮţ׼ŦԼҸ һ»߻ȥ֮ѡѡҡҸһ˹ֺǩ

ĵֵ֤ͨ˷ɻȥҵڽˡɯס һġǸӢսʿվͦΣװ壬ΪеԺ

Լһʱ򣬺?ʷ߽͡ԵüΪ ?ɭҹ䷢ĵڶ籨

ҽأܣİٱСкĴһǿ׳ܴ ￴ļܴﴫҵũ

½ҪĵԱˣΪλ½һ סʷ͡³Ž͵籨˼Ī 250 Ӣ

üʢٵľ룬ʷ͡ڳϵׯ԰ ȥ 50 Ӣɭڸݵũľ룩³Եø

ˣ˹ 23 𼪶ס緹ʱ籨 ³˵Ӧø˹֡𼪶ͬ˹֡һΰ

ϸڡ𼪶飬á֪ͨ 滹ǿͷͨһر黹Ƿʽ֪ͨ

³Ϊڿһλ³˵ ¡

˵һͲ͡𼪶̾еߵ״ծ ̨ӰԽԽС³˵ǷӢ࣬ΪӢ

սʼʱرݡ񷨹һˣ³Ÿ 𼪶ھͿغ¹ء

̸̫ƽս𼪶ǷµĴǣʹձ ˼ͶܸǾЩӡ³ŻشΪ¼Ժ

ձھԡ𼪶˵ô˵ǻҪӵģ Ϊ׼Դ˵ʱǿܲôҪȴ

Ҫ𼪶һʱ³Ҳáǳͬ顱ʼ̸ ֹѪеΡ

ʹҲ˸ѵҳϣ𼪶д һǷ??

緹󣬶³ɱ˹Ͳͬ˹ֽлطãʹԾ ǣڶڵרΪ׼˾ķˣ˵ķʽҪ εؾٱơ

˹ָ߶³ձʩչĺƽֶ̽Σϵݸ ٵż˹˵áձȥ˯˵Ҫû̫ӽ

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׻˹͸¶ձ³¼̵ӡ ˿վҪ׼ǹһźš³Żϲط֣

˹λߵάǿˣıðѾƴԭ ؼӡ³˵Ԫ˧Ӧ÷ŵ˵˹ã

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˵ںƽʱսʱѣ ³º¼˵صҲҡҸ

ڸԵĹֲ־棬ҪԼȥұԼ ϵ΢Ц˵ҲҪڶΪ

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Ž̸Уһ仰漰ǰļ ʵô벻͵֢᣺

ǲӱսĽ˹˵ ʽǵ¹³Žһ⡣𼪶Ҫ

һ塣¹ĺսǰϹɵĵ¹ͬ ۡ˼ǣĿǰ¹Ķ߽Ǻռȷġ

˹֣¹սɵĵ¹һ¹?? ³ţ˵ 1937 ĵ¹

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˹ͬˡ𼪶ͬˡҶͬ 1937 ĵ¹Ϊ 㡣³˵ȡһչ

ת۲⣬𼪶һĿ̸ λµȫʱ䡣

³Ÿеŭˡ˵ԡԸ˹֣𼪶һ ¡ҿɲ׼춼µĵطƪ빵ؽ

ҹдЩʱͶԱ˿˵˹ͬϴձ еĿġһʱʧȥģڵռд

Сձڶ֮ǰͻ̨ˡ٣S1 ټƻ ǹϿʱҿ϶ǻġ

ڴյĵλϣǹལۼң³Ϊͻ ٴ¹ʱ˵ͬƽֽӣֻձͶ

С̴رҪġҪÿһըÿһʳ ڵδǸ˹ͷ۵⣬³˵ϲʸ磬Ҳ

ϣһսŷޣ̴ùˡŶ ʱ˹ִּŵԺۡ

³ŶԼκĽչȱġңԻ

ᷳˡ˿¶˵ ֻ϶³žеľۻһ졣ڿ 2 

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ڳ˵Զǻڼֵûһϡ

λݳּӦ³ŵҪӰ˷ɻ ĴٰڷŵԸԵĺˮͺе

ҹǻȥĺɫжۼһ³ű ˹ġG С 45 ǰ˹ڿ˹

Ϊݹ֧ӡʵĳ滹˹ФġA СԲ  42 ƷǶ³Ҫġ˹ԭȲ֪ӣ

ҲδйʱѧڸӵһУ˵ʱҪ ڳǷΪһʱ

һλĺУŸ˹˵ʶףҪҳ ʱܸʾ⣬һԡ??ͳһվһߣ

ԸԳеһ°ɣģֱʹҲ֪ˣл ۣռģͳϵسΪ׷ҳĽɫܳɫ

Բʹô䶯һͳΪ㷭?? ͳˡ

³źܸ˿˹Ȼúܿλϲ֣ ߱˿ǵúܾʡ

 20 壬һܽȥûīݱըĽһ Ϣǣ³밬ɭͰ?׹

ʱݲ׺ȴ̫ƽսԺԭӵʹ ϡ

ˣ֮ǰδ³ţϲһ Сֱ˵װģ˼·ݣ˵׸е

ƺ³¾ҪʹʽŴδ׺ ɭɭ˵ʹԭӵΪձѾ

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ǣǴҶöսŮ˵ ֪ԭӵǾ;ͷܳͷ¶ġ

緹󣬶³λͬٷð֣ǵμ ʽͻϮڻʢٹϿƮ

ӡʽһʯ̳ɵС㳡ϾСãʷ͡ ͰͶٽڳͶĿ࣬ϷԣԺյؽŵǴ۵ѥ

㣬ͷƵͷͷţѤĿϺ׺ ˽ǣ³Żûм˭ôĽǡ 28 š

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ñӼס۾˵ķ񡪡ȫͬ ݽҲͷ¹κһ˵״ι̬

ǽĵ˵׶Ͽʤ??Ǳ ס??Ǵģһõ

磬һƽ磬елõĶ ֻϲС

ǲҪǣΪƽսΪҸսǲΪ սǴⳡսУҪһҪǮ֮Ķ

Ҫȫĺƽ뷱١ʱĴָ뿪¿ڴڳ ǿȫĺƽ뷱١⼸ʱϤƣ

ĽڿһһµšҪһʱ̵ĵ սʱںƽʱҲ

ܹⲿȡʤӴΪƽҵתĻ ǾͿչʷΰʱǼƻҪ顣

Щǲ?ֿ˵ģҲ޲?Ϊ? ˹дɵģȴǿӲļߺϱǡŦԼʱ

ɵ?дǶôȻرһɲİ֮ ³ͳļʵԽֵһһʷԵ

ʱ̣һӺ͵ԶĵطȥΪǼ ̡ܱûԤϵ³Űһʱ̱ˡ

ڳ˵ĳ־ñ޲ߣ¬˹?D?¼ܹ µѵдȴʼǴμ̵ ʽ

˳·ϣ³ŵܺáתȥͻȻ԰ɭ˵

ûʲôҪõĶҲ跨õġȷ  1948 ͳְλ

˵׼ǵסЦɭһľ㵣 ͳҲ֪˭½ѡгΪĶ֣˲ҡ

ҹ³ڼ¼Ļʱֻ˵ˣԼɪ 쿴ȥƣˣԵò֪롣Ҫ

ûʲôչ

7  21 ӽʱʷ͡յرʹļȿ ޷˹ı棬״˵һԭӵը龰ʷ͡

֮Ϊһݼзļ󲻾ãЪͬĶ ݱ棬3  30 ֣ʷ͡͸ͳ˹ٻȥ

šʷ͡ʼ˵Ĺβʶ档

ǡɹģֹ۵ԤϡըɷɻӿͶ £һ 100 Ӣ߸ߵĸϱըġ൱

15000  20000  TNT

ʷϵһԭӵըһαը??ڶʱڰ뾶 20 ӢڶüĹ䣬뼸̫ĹʱǿȲ£γһ

Ļ򣬳˼ӡһĢ״ 1 Ӣϵĸ߿գȻ ʼתɱըĹһ 180

Ӣİ˻ʥơǡ طɼͬȾĶطըһ ǴԼ 100

Ӣ⡣ֻмٵĴ𻵣ȻһڴԼ 125 Ӣ ĵطըγɴţž޴ӿڣڴԼ

5 ڣֱ߶Ϊ 41000 Ӣߵƽ㣬 36000 Ӣߣѱ 17000

Ӣ߸ߵ²вϵطѧΪѱ²ֹͣ 󲻾ãַθаŴӵļǧֻҳ

ǵǰĿǣеʱȼգ𸨱 ˴ĸ߶ȷʲһС

˸ֲδӸɢһֱΪ 1000 Ӣߵĵ бγǳɫ顣

౬ըֳһӢ봦һ 220 ֵľ͸ԲͲͲ̵ؽ ڻԲͲ 70

Ӣ߸ߵļǿ̶ڻϡ ñһ͵ 1520 ߲㽨лڿⷿṹпĸֽ 䡣 6

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СࡣըʹӻѿŤΣѲڵء ľڣڱεԸֽשʯɱݻ??˭

ҲδԤϵƻ

޷˹Ҳĸ֣˹?F?׶ӡ󣬱ըʱ Ͱ±Ĭһڿڱβ

ڳÿһ˶֪ĿǱ׶ڱ дд˱ըġ֮⡱͡Ԥĩյ¡¡

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ʶαըԶԶֹ۵ԤϺͿѧȵԸе ƺоһʱʱ??

ڱĽУ޷˹дǶʶǰ ǵĿꡣγɹǺҪ??

ʷ͡˽һСʱŶļ³Ż򱴶˹Ƿ ĻһЩۣö֪ǣʷ͡Ժ󣬶

³źͱ˹Ե쳣ˡرͳܹ衱ʷ͡д

˵ȫµģлμλ飬ķ ʽЭ

ȷ˶еظ˶ʱ;Ͷ ˾޶ʽʹûиǻ 20 Ԫ

20 Ԫʽսġ áܽսҲԺ飬Ϊ˸Ӷ

ȫʷǰ񣬾ʤˡ

ԣϢʹ³ŵǿˡͱ ˹оδּۻ۵̸ϣǵʵ

ǿҲԶ׼ġҲȫġЩ˺ ˵ҪĿǡ

󣬶³ֱֹΪŵĻڽУı ԵġԼаգҲˡȻʲô¡

ɭһλι޲?īд𼪶ʷ͡˵ 󲻳ͳôˡڶ죬ʷ͡ȥ࣬˸޷˹

ı棬𼪶ķӦȶ³ŻҪǿҵöࣻʷ͡ҩʲô 𼪶˵ʲô塣ԭӵǷŭĻ ١

Ͻʱ˹˵Ӧһԭ ǹǡǺͷָ⽻ϵ³Ųͬ⣬˹

˵Ӹˡ

ЩĻ֮ǰǲܳǡ ³˵

ٴ̸˼ֵĲ⡣ŶԺͬⲨ ӵ¹õµԲӲȥ۵Ľ

߽磬ʵϣͺѾӹ˵¹൱ һ֡³ΪӦںƽԽ˵ 1937

ĵ¹ΪѾͬġ

ǾԼɾӽפָǵڣδ Э̾һռֵһ??ҶԲǷǳѺ

ģԶ߽ʾͬ飬Ҳ

仰˵˲ܶרСһ㣬ڵ¹ Ͳнչ

ҹĵǵ¹һмֵˡڿ͹ ¹ϱΪǵ¹һ֡ûȨ

ȡأҲûȨӺͽеõһ㡣Ǳռֱʵ ƽأǰѵ¹طóȥ

Ǻ磬ֻŵġ𼪶ˡΪ ĿǰΪֹͳõһ죬ҲΪȷţ˵ʲô

˲ıڶŷ·ߡΪǡļȳ ʵӢԴΪ˿սǸܵġ

˹ΪѾʢᣬ磬û˿ ŵĺۼ³Ŷȹڲ̹ڼõʱ⡣дĸ׺

õ˵˹ֵ¸ɵáǳɹ

ῪʼʱӽͷؼӣʱϺľƣмѬ㡢㡢 ¹⡢Ѽ͸߲ˡÿ 5 Ӿһξƣֱپ 25

ξơҳԵú ٣ȵҲ࣬һȤᡣ

ͬ˹֡𼪶ʱҪһλԷѳ˹ صʿ٣һ׶ֶӵС١ҹ

ң÷ǳʡ˹˻Ī˹ƴλ ټҺŮС֡ݵðˡФ˹ءɷ˹

˵Ʒ˹ֺףǵıݲܡǵ࣬ λŮʿҲ൱֡ô˵һǳ˵ᡣ

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˹ֿҲѸ100 Ѽޱ߽硣

ϯ䣬ĵغ̸ţڴ齫չ ˳ЩǲҲܴһ£Ѿﵽ˴еĿ ġ

𼪶ֲȤԶ³˵͸ˣȥ³˵ õϯߡ𼪶Ȼ˵һǣ˰Сʱ

ֹͣĸߵĶ³˵üͷ ɧȥˡ

Ժֵ𼪶ͽбˡ˻ʼҿվ һֶ֧ӣָʾǣῪʼҪͣ࣬ ԽԽá

жϵŷ˹?J?Ͻ ǺսԸǿḻ˹ɶõ֡

Ϊأӡ̣μӹҪս飬ʼʱǲμ

1941 ˹𼪶Ĵϻ飬Ǵλ˴跨˹ ڲ̹ϣ𽫾̽ȥ?Ī˵

㿴ͳһж˵ȫµģܶԸ˹ȣ һصˣùģΪҲΪȫ硣

ڵºŶʱ˹Ա˵³ͷ 侲˽磬ڼֳһλӵзḻ

˵ɡȲѡ ͳ彡ÿ˶̵ӡ󡣡𼪶˹

硣³ź۵ʹҵÿһ춼ر?? Ȼƺ֪ƣ롣ÿ糿 5  6 𴲴£йɣ

Ҫӻκ˽·֣졢šܵѹ δ³ǷǵĻѵˣԳ˿Ĳˡ

ʼȫȻϡÿո¼ĺξ ˵Ӳװǻơһλи?ֵعԱ˵ͳ

ŵǴӲڡӡӲԼøһ??˭̸ ͨũӢĹ??Ϊ??

ͷԷ͡Ӳ֪Ӳڼӡ ڰ֣Сֱ̡ʿɵĽסⱡһ

ϣֹһּĻ̸½𹫹ϵһ٣ ³ҪԳ˳뿪ͷ̽ʿɷ㳵³

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ţӣҺҵİ˽ˣ³˵벻ң Ҳ벻Ҫһ㡣ԺҲҪϻ

ӿסʱּǵã˳Ǹһټ û˵

?ǹԺԱҲǴŵĳԱ 21  ڿ 2 һ档һļͳ

ǩ֣һտĴ󷿼Ըһ ͷߵĻԾһܴǰٵĽϷ

һϡһڳǱ˹˶û ¡

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ǲǺ˾ƻƵʲôÿ˶ϡҳ һĻ龰ϽͳһְŹĳ硣

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ֵٶϵʱפŷ½ʦӦ³ŵ ɵȥġ

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κεΪǹϢ˹ȷţ ԵġԶ˵ԣձȵľ¼ŵ6

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һֱ³ṩһ˹Ϊ ձеκ̸ж˷ʱ䣬ҾԣʵĻλ

ôⳡսǺˡȻ³ȡʷ͡ û˵7  24 ڶ϶Ǹ˵ӡ 9 ʱ

20 ֣ʷ͡ٴ¥ȥ³ŵİ칫ҡͳž͵ 칫棬ͷʷ͡ȥһݵ籨

 

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1945  7  23 ջʢ ʷ͡ռд³š˵Ҫģǳ??

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ʱ˵ȡһжǽʹһƻʷͻ 䣬˵ʹ̬չĿͷɲ⼸

ġ

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ʧ֮ܲڡҪձͶΪձһ첻Ͷ ζɱڼϣڶ³ŵͳܾ֮ǰձѾ

ˣձԼо϶һǰ 1944  1 ʱձ ѾⳡսȻԶ³ŵͳڣ

̫ƽսϵӽ̫ƽսһ롣Խӽʤ ѪĴ۾ԽߡһǶ٣

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һ֧ձͶ

鱨ŵıձѱܣͬʱҲԤձ˻ּ £ͬʱǲʱƽ̽밴ΪԽܵĽֽ

ս롰Ѫս׵ľ??

ձĻߣ1945  7  8 鱨ίԱһݱƣ

Ǿսƴսڱ⳹սܣںƽ̸ȡøΪ ּۻ۵ĵλձ쵼Ūսͬ˹ս

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ǿָⲻǼ˵ֲ׼ˡָ˫ˡ

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ϱֳľĶһձĵͼϲôд šһĿ֣꣡Ǵ¥ûʲôսս̸ۡ

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ɫһλ³˵ѫ¶ԱЪ ȻֳϱϾ󲿷ʱнĸоҪ

̫࣬ԼķȨ̫٣Ҳûиʱȥн κһ⡣Щظˡĸףѹ̫Ҽ

Էʱ䶼ûУ˵Լˡ ȫѲݽԴ˽Լ뷨ȴյ

෴Чʹ˾ôǳڸĿġݿɪ˹ά Ǵżϣ̸Ҫٵġѡд̸֣

ԭӵ⡣ҪһµĹٶɾ˿Ƶԭ ίԱᣬΪԭܵͷγһµ仮ʱ֮ش

ھ˼ϵаաߣҪϺദͱ ѭԼеġΪ׼򡱣ɵûʷ˹

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Ҳһȫսˣǲٴˣ սսζǵִսᣬǲġ

ҪǡΪ׼򡱣׼ǰ·ϵΪ ŵˡ

ɪ˹άλݶϲġЬʢ޻³˿ ڼһ糿ɢʱͣȺһ̵Ծ

˵ļǽ˵ǵصһͳϰסҲùݵСﵯ һ٣һӻ˹дᣬμᣬڲ

ͿհʵΪǩһģųԱǺ

ӰҲùӡʢʱ˵ûаԼڿ ⣬ʲôˡ

ԱμƤܸѷһֲھ еһλ飬ڻϣ³ôҽͬһ

ɳзơºĳλ֪ĲԱ˵?³šƼ 족һλڳˣ֪ͬ˵ÿ˶÷ǳģ

ĶӦоУҺȵó졪ֻˡ

ᵽͳѺͬʱԽԽƵʹáѡһʡ? ȻҲԼϵĵƳͷʼԼмдᣬ

˵ֶԲѵشڲ̹һֵ 55 Ԫֱ 500 Ԫļ۸һˡһΣڸһȺ̳

ĸŮʱΪͼ˵˹Ͷ³λͳ𣬾˵ ڳӽ֮󣬹׼Իȵˡ

ͳеһЩ˶԰׹ڵĻ״̬ԽԽеǡԤ𳤹 ޵?ʷ˹Ϊ³ͷ񣬲˼ݣźȱ 10

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ʾҪԼȡһмƻ鰣? ˹дһʹҡϲѡΪΪ?ֶ

й˿ϷƵĴŸеģΪ鷳 ˹޳֮˵ϸ׹ļǳΪ

һֱмּռǣЩռгһջΪض³ʱڡĻ ıϡ

³Ų̫仯ǳ桱Ͱ סĶšҿȥר

Τ˹ز³?д¹ڳ Ϊ룬ͷҪȥμӲݮ۲ͻģ һֱ

80ҡ

᲻ҪҪһλͳҪܵ Ļؾټһλͳڶαؾ֮ԲϸıսʵΪ 

Ҫͨн취ʵйǿƽաƻȫ ֧ΣܹܵҽƼסԺ񡣵Աʱ

ȴһϯϺʵͨѵһ뷨ܻͨ ԼŲɡǱһʵƽ뽨ʵ

õԸƷеĻϡҲָµ װԼˣϣ 1820 ʵһǿƾѵƶȣ

ʹǳΪѵءʱ֮սĺ󱸾ˣװӡ

ĳϣ³վڰ칫ԣչʾһµͳģ ù?ֶٸЩôҿЩ͵

ӥˣоʱʼǰͬʱҲʹƽ ֦սļ??ͳĺӡ¶½ƣ

ѷʱǵһΡ³ͨıӥעӷ ǰںƽ

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?D?˹žͺĸ۵ĵԺս װϼ˹ѷ 50 ҵһž1200 ܺɻհ衣

ӥצδץļֹĹչʾҲκһλͳ˧ δġǣһжѸʧ³ 1945 ĩ

ͼֹͣæҽеĸԱսͱ ˣΪȫ¶пսʤ˱Ů

󣬶³˵ǸԱֱǽ塱

ڳ˳ǰ빫԰ȥ˵·ϣǵһɵת ͳѶ?ϵг߶³źϽֵ

ԻȺ֮ࡣ³ŵڳ;Ⱥڻ ⡣һ˵ûһλʵۻõĿʽ

ˣŽԶ³ŵһֱƽƽ شʱСӦڡһȻ

ʱߵļᶨⶼȻȻؽ ͹״񻯣߳Ϊһʱڵļȶ־³Ҳʼ

þ岻̸ͨкӹʣ濴ƺ֧ ܵ˺͹͵ҪԹȡǿ

ӲߵѹֹȫԴ͹ҵҵĹ˾аչֱ

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˿˿ƣƣãȻͷǡ һգ޲?±Ĭ˽˰ݷã̸Ȼ

˵ԭӵϵΪմѪϯʹ³ żΪ죬رǰ±Ĭ԰ɧ̬ȸᡣ

³Ÿ߰±Ĭҵ˫մѪİɡ ³űʾϣҲˡ

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˵ʱ͸¶һϢģһСʱǰ³˵йѻָ ñصйȥ֮󣬶³дֱ  180

ȵĴת䣬ʼ벻ΪʲôҪʱ̬ Ƚֱ˵Ӱ׹Զձϳ»ɫŸ壬ŭش

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ũҵֶ?ɭͳЪΪפ ʹԱ㽫עӺնתһý顣³

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Ϊҵйȥ³˵

ͳЪ˵ձ˵绰 ³ʵڲԸ绰ʱЪܹ 6 졣Ъ

͵Դæҵ绰Ϊ̫̫˽ͣ 绰ϵ̸ݡ

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ǿҷԣ?Ϊǲǵģ˵ һԼܻĲҪս޴֮³Թִ

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ʵ֡³ΪƪΣΪ ķ?ɭԽԽͶ³ˡ³ͬ˹

Ҫڶ³šٿԼΪµѡĻ ʲôӰ??³˹ԶΪ˹֪

ʲô ˿ͳͬԱܹϵԱ̸ĺֹ

ȵȡѱΪһĸ쳹ͷβر˹ ͳԱǿܻսǰԴ˹һֻ̲û

ĵģ³Ż˹ύȫ񲢲ǿҵЧ ³޷ʹǸеη˵У

ηͬ־ܻõĽ ڴʱ³Ÿ˾ü?˹ͨ˹

ʱĪ˹Ƴϯⳤ顣³Ҳ?ʿ̸ĺƽʱ ڶԭܵû̹գǻᡰ 12 ·

һڸϣʿתּѵ³ô᲻ִ֪ԭ ӵܹжöҲѵ˵ȷʵ֪жöʿΪ

ͳӦ֪º󣬻ʿռдͳǾ ع˵Ӧ֪εҴϻ֪ġ

³Ŵӱ˹ͻʿõһȷӡΪ ԼļԶͳĸ

˹ʱĹԱͱʿ ƺ֧顣籨ŦԼһԴǼ̵ɱ

ֽר˹?ڸñ׫Ŀ̱۶³ͳΪʷ ϡʧص¹ʡ֮һдȥҲһЩΰǻ͵ģ

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ҳϣҲڿҡɿѹһеͳġв׼̬

Σʱв׼˼תƷº˽ ϵΣʱв׼˼˱ΪӺ¹ᡢ

չ¹ʤںκΣʱ в׼˼Ŭߵسڵʱش֮

⣮ͼĮͶ

Щܿĳ˺ͣջӦ Լж󣬶³ͳĻ

δóְֵʵʼҪ ԡ

ʥǰһڣ˿غ?ʿضȥˡ ³һֱڰ׹ʥ磬칫Ǿ

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³һִѩӡǸһѱ ѩǣӪҵԺ඼ȡͬķԱ?˹У

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޴֮ŦԼʱ֮ΪһλԪסΪΣպ͡ µС֮һ֪ڵִﱱԼĴլԺʱ

ӭоԵøޱҪľҲӿˡ ˿ָµˣ˶Զ³Ŵ˾ٲ޳ɡ󣬶³

صʢ٣ڰ칫ǰдһΪĻһţ װı˿

ѻص˰׹ľ޴ɫĹҾ Լȥھڶķ紵Ҳ

Լ״̬ãܻ ĻȥһҵıⲢ??

ʶζʲôϣҲ һصУȴи۹⿴

ңͷ·èϽʲôΨһ ӵľ˵ļ˻˵֮

ؼΪҲκδˡҲΪʲ ôҪԼʵ뷨͸أ

ҵԴӦٴһЩȳһЩӦٶһ ЩٶһЩҵĲܻʲôʹ֪ȷʵܹ  1

ĶҲͷǣ ෴͡ʱ־˵ͷ

Ϊȷˡʱ־ķ棩

㡢Ӱж˶ ֧֣Ϊûؽ֧֡ʹ

ȫѵﲢõĽļ˵һ 󹦸??

ҵıԶ㡣



1945  12  28 

ûнżĳȥǰͬδùŷ 칫ĳ

δת³ڽ̬ķչʱҪ ǹı֡

ڴӶǻȥ֮ǰ³űӲ?˹Ƕ֪˹Ī˹ ƻʱһȴδͳκμҪĻ㱨

ǣ˹ڻع;о֪ͨ˹й㲥ϰŹ㲥ʱ䣬 Աȥͳ֮ǰȫͨ顣Ȼ˹Ѿ ˡ

ǱԱԱ˹Զ˹ڰе㼱Ҵҵس ׹Ҫ֪ʲô¡

 12  28 ա壬ҲǶ³Ÿ˿дǷԹ ĵ졣һβ˶ӵͳͧ˹

˺˳¡ڶ 29 գɽոշɵֻʢ٣ ³ŷһ籨ڵڽջ㱨ִ

??ʱǳҲ㷢㲥Ŀȡ?? ֮ĹϵûǢҲȫ̹ϵġ

˹ȷȷʵʵΪԼȶ³ŸʸΪͳֲܺܺ һ뷨ܶ³Ϊ˹ηľҲ

ױȵģȴܾòȫ³ǰ̹; ռƱ˹Ϊġܸɶֹصġ䡣³д

ģͷݣֺܳʵǹеͶһģȷ

Ϊ˴·涼ǹĨǵġ ˹רϵݿٿƣϡ˹

ͧڶ³ŵĴռ³Ž˽»̸ʱƮ꣬

һն ݶ³ʱպļʱϲţݺѵ˱˹

һ٣

ҸĪ˹ƻʹãȻ֪ ҺܲϲҶ˵Ϊͳ֪Ľչ

⽻̸Щʲô˵һǳҪ⽻ ߶̬Ĺڻʢٷ֮ǰҾһ֪ʹҷǳ

˵ҽ󲻻Ϊٴγ֡

Ȼ˹˵̸ʮ졣ݵʱͧϵ˳ƣ˵ Ƕ³ţ˵Ͻʵñ˹һ

֪Ʊ˹Ϊŧϰ?ѷʱ䲻ڳƾ Զ³źͱ˹˵˽⣬ƶ˵ӡʵġΪ

³ڻ¼ʱġͽʵϣ رչ˵˹Ͽ̳֣Ȼ

Ѷ³ķͨҪ˵

λ˵Ĺϵ˱仯ûгֹѣ ³ŶѲͬ6 ɱ׵Ķ³Ÿ

װļķдһױţгƣԸڸԱԳְֵ ȨͳְȨ򡰷ͳȨΪ

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ٸʦ ն³ŶԴµļʱѱ˹е칫Ҳ

ŴȻ˹ٴƾ޴£˵д£ ְǣ³ŵʱױд乩¼ڰõĻ

۴šȲҪ಻Ҫʳ³ ͬ?˹̸ʱʾĵȷȷ˹ˣʱ

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Ҵδ˵κ˽һ̡ڿĻ ôðʲô

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ҶѱչơԼ 20 ӹѾչ ˡ绰˾ˡײĳ˷׷׿ʼչͨõ˾Ҳ˴

ģչƥȱ3500 ˾Աչʹҹرգ ˴ 10 ֮࣬糵ͣˣ칫¥رաƥȱгά?

˹ڹ㲥гơһѡչǻصԼĹ λȥ˹гλ˳һֱΪ͹һɿ ѡ

һμдϣǶشٶ³ŶԸ˰չ̬ ˵Ҹ˾ߵȨΪбҪվά

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άһʵأ

ڽ߾ȫ³ŴⲢܸ˴ܶϣ һܺҲֻ˵һֱڶԴ½о

³ºдûеͳǾԲ⵱ͳζģ

ʹֻܵҲܡεסֹ ϢһԼͳ廨ŵ;ն

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ݰŵһܽ칫￴һ ӣʵܷΪѼͳһ飬Ǳ˶³Ű칫

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ʽ 35 ľҽʿ?H?׶ķУΪµİ׹ҽ ׶ķĸҲλҽڶ³衣׶ķͳʮ

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߻³Ϊͳһֱæŷ޺ձ⳥ 񡣶³źܿвΪǿӲֱܰáĴ

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ʿҪٷ⽻˵ˡҪͬҸƶ ߡʿûͬ⡣

Ȼˣ³ԲԸʿְʵϣǲҵ ʿΪڸһλŵʿʮش󡪡

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 11 һֱرĹѡһʹߵ ʧܣӰ³ŵţӰļƻõһӾ

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ʱ̸δ¶ īǵǶ³Ŵδ񡣳ǧӿ

״ĿòһλͳгǶ³ŵ⣬ ҲȷʵġرȺСꡱĻһλŮߺ

꣬Խī羯ܱԱľȥ Ⱥ֡īᣬһдδܵ˵Ļӭ

֤Ҫʵ˹ߡֶһȺ˵ϣ

ǼסҲǴʹ ڶ磬ͻȻϣīʷĲ˳Ǳ

һδŵķʣʹһּ򵥵ġδ ̬ͨΪīһϵ˱һκͳ

Ҫ顣Сʱڣ ϢĴѾһλӢۡ ʻһƬУ³ĺɫ

ϡԿšӢֵۡʯʼЩӢ 6  10 ľУѧԱ 1847 īսǱҹ

ݴ˵е 5 ô̵Ծӳǽѳѣ ³߽ʱһƷīУѧԱ

ѻȦڼ£УѧԱĬĬᡣ ³ŵͷĬ˼ӣȻصγУʱī

˾Ѿǵ֡ ī䶯ıʹռ 8 ͷ

ֱ⡣һұֽıǡ 1847 Ӣ¾³Զظƽ ɵʹһұֽдӽʼһ˾

һ˵뵽Ȩ˻Ǹޡ һλī繤ʦд100 ʹ౻һһ

֮һɨ⡣õߡ

īͳ׸?ƣ³ͳǡ޸͹֮ ½µĳߡ

ڱʼΪʲôҪȥʱ³Ÿɴش ߲κһҡ¸ң

3 ķʽ 3  6 գǰͳһгˡʥţ ר̻ع³ȥ¹⻹ӳڻϡʱ磬

кȴ 1000 

ǰ 1946  7 £мʶҪԣ ³ȴѾҪ?׼һݶչϵۺϷ

౨еĵһݡ

ĿͿʼУȻһֱɿ¸𣬲ɸ еӺصǾ޸ļģĹо׫дȴ

?ɵģҲǰȽĿġ ˵е³ж϶ġխ

ǾڶǷǩЭϡ

1946  9 £׫дʱ澹 10 ֡Ϊ ϸȻܵ˿ϡ籨Ӱ졣Ĵ󲿷

ڲԺ½ʮؼĽ̸׫д ĸ౨棬֮һԶȡ籨˾ֵʽļ

簣˺˵Ĵ󲿷ֲѾǰɱ˹˹  1945  4 ɹ?ս˹³ע⡣

ıǡĹϵƪֹϵ ٵص⣬쵼˿ڡһıʹͳ

ŵ·ϡ һطԡӢƽЭŬΪƽЭ

ԽãӾܹԽʱ䡰ϷءפڡжԵġС ⣬ǹбųģľѾ˷

ݿ˹工ˡǺͱǡڰµ Ӣռ첿ӵĴڲűĽӹܡ

ڷչͷѵйһ

ʩӱκĶҪӰĵλϡԮ йĲӣڳʣѾʾ޳ҵͳһֻҪ

֤һѺõġ

Ϊľ

˹ִԪ˧ͬ??ֽ֧һ֧κǱ ڵ˵ľӶǿװӣھٵؽһ

ǿԸľáץסһлẉ̂ʹֱ֮ ӵشĿ֮£ԱΪĹؼṩ 

вڼٷչս豸ս վԶǱͧ??ݲıдҲڻָӶ

ļ͵߸

ڡʵԡǶΨһõԣˣ뱣 㹻ľԡơӰ졣ͬʱҲ׼кս

ս׼ʵҲǶжΨһǿ 壬˵ҲǺƽΨһЧı֤

ڻعжƺ󣬱ָϣװӴϣ ｨǵһѺáϣΪһܹң

Ϊǿƶкһ塣

󣬱ܽ˱ľ⣬Ӧֺ֧Ԯ ĳ̶ֳܵвΣһҡ

ڱݱӽɵʱ?ϹĿ˵ǳ ɫ³һҹĶģǳ˷ܣ賿ڼ

´绰жٸ10 »ش˵³Ҫ  9 Ƶغá߿£ݱ̫С

һй¶ƽؽ˵ŬǳҡӰ졣 Զ³Ų˶Ӱ죿³Ҳδ

ڽ³ʱʱǿľ޴ԶӰ죬Ҫ нƵöࡣƲ˵Чһ𣬿ܶͳ

ĳЩӰ졣һ棬Ϊһ˲׼ȷ˵ߵ Ӱ쾿ʲô֪ͳκҲ֪

ˣӦ˵ڶ³ŴīعǿºͰ ΪڹᷢչйϣƵʷ˵ɫ

˵еĴ󲿷ֱݱ档

 3  7 ռ³Ŵīعĵһеһڸ ϣѷ˵ϣĳױֻмˡǾ룬

ܱ֤ж͵кóɹǲ룬ô

ؽֱȻšðաĿԡ ³ŸеԼűκͳĶҪѵľߡϣ

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˵ĵһݸɹԺ׼ã³ž̫߳Ҳ̫ ˣдһͶ˵顣ҲҪӽ

һߵǿѷԲݸɾģ޸˼ 䣬һؼľӣ仰ظ˿¡й

ڰΣеĹҰвĻֻûἰ ֡

˵ԭд֧ڷװŻ ѹͼеĸ񡣡ѷΪΪ

߱??

Ϊǲȡһַʱˣһ սСǹʱˡشͳԼ?˹òһ

ڿ¶شٶ˹ǿӲӦ

һ棬?Ϊݽߵ̫Զˣڰ裬Ъ ͬȥĪ˹Ƶ?һƪݽ壬 ڸˡ

ɵ?³ˣûʽְλʾϣԴҲ һݷȨʱ³žܾˡĽ飬³˵

ôͻʱʱ߶ͳߡҲŲء ҪߣҲߡ

ά?ӿ˵¶ռд ͳʹҺܸȤΪ˵ؾг˵ԣһ

ͳܵȤеļ֮һǾѯ˭ 

³ÿºͰ˼Ĳݸ塣 ?ѷѷܹشʷͷᷢ˵ǰҹڴ

ֻԴԼݽ塣³֪ԼҪĶҲҪ κģɵĻ??ȷ£

ڴЪڡ帡ʱЪ֪˵ šͳǿвԺ׼

ߡҲǶԵġ

һβɷп?˵֪Ǵ ʱһ״Ǳֵùǡ

ЩҪĸҪס ĵط¾ġ

Զ³˵ӲΪ⣬˵ޱ塣 ¾֮ǰҪ֪ܹ֪ʵ ʱֻܵõ

80ʵôδõ 20

ʵʹԥţʹһľ ҲȸҪá¾ʱ??

Ѿȫ綼˵ս?? 1947 ꡣǳս 1945  8 ¡?³гֵ˵

˵ˡһֱڵ??Ҽǵ ԼʱΪԸĻֱûʲôܹ

ֱֹͦӢϿ??Ȼֹ?? ?³ſ⣬𲽵ȥ

Ǹ˺Ϊ֪ġ³塱˵ 1947  3 

12 գԺԹԺԱġ˵ʼ 1 ֡һ 18 ӵ̹ʵʽϣڼ˵

ΣУʮֽϣѲȫκʱ򶼸 ǿҵǴҵĻļĴʩ䲻ϣѾ

ڱսĿѣҲҪԮ

³˵ߵĻĿ֮һǡʹǺ нһܸѹͳεʽĻ¹ձ

Щͼǵ־ǵʽǿӸҡĹսһ ˡ

źϵһŵıʼǱȶ šǾϴ߶ڵһλϣԼ?˹

ε²סصͷԱߣʱİѷ˫ֽϥϣֱ ǳϯһԱߣѲԱʶ

ŪԼ۾Ħִ˸Ƿڶ³ĸ ϯ̨ϣ鳤ͷǱԱ˵ееĽ ӡˢ

ʷĵǰʱ̣ÿһҶ ʽ֮ѡѡȴһɵѡ

һʽԶ˵־Ϊƶȡ ѡ١ԸɵıϡۺڽԼ ѹȵΪ

ڶʽԱǿڶ˵־Ϊ ڿֲѹȡܵƵıֽ͹㲥ԤȰźýѡ٣ ԼԸɵѹơ

Ϊ֧߱ڷװŻ ѹͼеĸ

ΪǱԮʹ֮Լķʽ Լˡ

ΪǵİӦͨúͲԮķʽ ʽԴﵽȶνչǱزٵ??

ǲһ˵ʱԮϣ䣬Ӱ 첻ǶǶԶ˵Զġ ǱȡѸҵж??

ڹʹӹ㲥ݽ˵ƺһ

ضЦԷǵΣʱ̡СǿĹң ﵽ˺ܹķٳ̶ȡа

ٵȴҲȱ׳¡ࡢ˺ ߶³ڻϡڡʿȨͨ400 

˽˴ѧڱʱеľǸ ѧġȻ˵ƺһУں׼սˣ

Ҹȥ׼ҵľһѧ¼ȡĸԱ ˵

ӮǳսĴ 3410 ԪϣҪ 4 Ԫ

̤ϵһصĵ·³󽲵ıҲȷ ʵϾģһѡǸصöĻҲὨ??

쵼ԥǾͿʹƽܵΣ Ҳ϶ʹҹҸܵΣ

簬ѷдģǶһ ¸ߵĳ̣Ƕߵһ½ܡ³źд˵ıʼ

˫ǰҷͷлȴһֱ ûЦ

۵ķӦ֧߳ѹ֮ơŦԼʱ˵ Ტۡʱ͡־ıΪڳɫس

ࡣ־дƪ˵һ磬͸˻ҵ ʿ־˵ͳϵɹ

֧Ҳʱذǵıһͬɽɽұʵ

Ƿ׼̳ 19 Ӣ۹²һЩı ŭ籨ָ³Ż˹ߡ

ֶ?ķзģȻ޳Ԯϣȴͬ ͳ۵˵һģȫߣ

ʶ̬ʮ־ַľûƵġ޷ƣЧҲ޷ Ԥԡ

ƪ˵־һת۵㡢мҪһ㣬ƺ ˱ʾɡܿдԴǿҵδô

ЩԴѾáȻʹǿȨ֮в פ

ڹɽǱԱܿǿ˵ѶϣԮ һ֡ͨģʽֻǰǡӦһض

ĳߡѷҲ߲Ժ⽻ϵίԱ˵Ϊδ һģʽǿָȻᡰÿһĻ ȥȡж

еķԼɣҲԱɡԱȷһ ߽ݻٶպͽһϣȶºղԱҪΪ

ַ̬ȡմݵĹ͵Ա޵?Ŭɭ˵ ЩֱʹǴҶƲ˲Żе

³ŷ˵󼸷ӣ̤ȥ·׼ٴη ʿ?׶ķ˵ͳ൱ࡱҪϢ

ĵȷȷͳѾƣˡӻΤ˹дص˵û

ܹõµľεġƣ ľɴľûκβͬһ

㣬Ӳ̹ͺ

Ӷ³ڹϷԵط˵ͶƱ޳Ԯϣ֮ ʱԺϵĶԽҺͳ񡣷

߼ǹ͵ˡݵĹԱ1944 ľѡԼ ?˾˵ҲʹԭίԱӿƵᡣ

ӡڰݵĿչ˵رڣǵϣƣԭ ܵĿӦý½ҲõѲԱͬ

ڶ³ίԱݵĲ³˹ƣԹ ʹеһͬһʵĹԱһв

³˽дǹˣôҲǡ ³ŷҪⳡеסһԭ⣬ǲЩ

ĵͻһ??³ΪڳɹʹԼ ȥһš

͵ˡݵŵݵ˹ж ݵİϡ֧Եʱ 4  3 磬

һνŵĻϣǱ˽Ϊɫһ ˵

Ǳ˵۱ôǷǡҲһ ˡǱҪ׼ʱб

Ժ׼鰸һЩһԤԱ ʱ³һڰ׹?˹̽ͷ 

14 ƱĶʤƱκܹƵĶҪ ࡣ³ſŸ飬˵ԭǡеҪĶ

ȡ׼ָǽǴһ˵ǽ նըƬ

Ժʽ 4  9 գʱܹ 20 ͵˹Ȼ ѶͶƱ֧ϲУ 4 ͶƱ

 50 Ʊ 31 Ʊ׼Ƕ³¹״ο 飬ҲõһƯʤ

Ȼҳϵ⡪ѵĻ˵˭Թºͻ˭ º͵⡪ȴûн͵＾ѡѾʹ

һⲢ˵ĳɹڵнҪ 󣻶³ΪֹбɵֽʱѽһرίԱ

ġԼ˾˺ֳ¼?ġ۵㣺 Ҫʵһҳƻʹķҡ?  1947

 5 ͳһ̸ڱʼдУǿ ķ??Ҫȷʵǣ֣ģΪ ̫

⣬³ΪڹֵرɡĹ֡ ڸϦǰݳ?һҲдġ

ֻҪעͻⰲȫǵȽ˼ֱ̫ ˡ

Ȼѹȴǳء˾˳вҳϵĹԱ Ҳ٣ȴ˵ʹһҲṹصв

¼?Ҫõӹ۵Ͽɵκ˵Ȩ ˵˿ܻһ֡ƫ̻ʶ̬ѡǸ

ķʽ̵Ӱߡе๲͵һҲѹ Ժĺġ?ΪԺ鳤״˵

ûκѡ˹ƶȵ˵λá Իָ𱻲ϵظΪţȻȴҲ

֤ݡ½żڵִѾǹ͵˺ Ŀ͸ĵһֿµ󡣶ԹԺĻ

ձġǱʵš󡣡

³رԺίԱܻƢʹ³ű ӵĹ͵ϯݹԱ J?ڶ?˹쵼

ˡ³ϣҳȲȡжֹ˹Ҫǣ ҪڹڱֶԹº͵ָ𣬾Ҫڹ

ԹȡһµǿӲһ

1947  3  21 գ壬ᷢ˵ĵھ죬³ ˵ 9835

һƵġԱҳϺͰȫ ʱеܵǡ

1942 ꣬˹Ȩְڡɻҳϡȡ κιԱйʸ񣬸˹ǩ˾

Աҳ״սʱΪֹ ںƽʱڻδȡĲ衣

³źдĿ˫صģȷԱеĲҳ Աֱ׵ԱʹܲʵָΪ֤

ƻŪһصĹ͵ˡ˼? ɭĻʢʦƹܸüƻίԱᡣ

еԱеʲôҪҳϵ顣 ֺԺίԱĵáκֻҪֲҳϣͲ

ܴ͵ԭԽǡкĸŴ˲ ϡȻδԡҳϡһ¹塣ߣЩָܵص

˲ָǵ˶ʣָ֪ǵ˭ָ ʲô⣬˾Ȩһŵ߸֯

ЩԳơ˵ѰߡܸҳϵԱ ĥΪƻǲġйκ˶

ܻᱻκһ񶾵ָڲռдʵϣ ڱ֤֮ǰ׵ѾߵˡȻ

ҲϣĳЩҲǲѶΪ֮ŦԼʱ ԭļᶨ֧ҲƻǶԵ߸һϺ߼Ļ

һμдϣ³źٻûбʼ¡ ǸȤϦǰݳš˲ġ

Ĺ֡

³ŴҲĹӹҷһ Ƕʾҳϵ˵Ĺʱƺκ˶

ҪõĴ𸴡

ºֿʼԱϵ 200 һС 𡱣һ䷱ضֺķǮƵ񡣵 1951  4 ʱ

ĹίԱ鲢᰸Ա 300 ˣҲ

14 ˡǧ˴ȥְ񣬽 212 ҳ͡ ˱ߣҲûзκμ֤ݡ

󣬿?¾ɥ˵ƻǡʱ һַӦ³ųô졣

ż߿?˹̸͢УȴҪֱöࣺ

¸߲˹͢һ⡣³׼  1948 Ĵѡ֮??

Ҹ˵ĸоûʲôص⡣Ϊ¼ ġǴδҳйκһ??

ͳδѻעνĹĿֻϡΪ ЩѹǶò??

Ͳ⡣ǲŴһʵ⡣ Ǳ鹹??

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η 9835 ЧȷԵģڵʱ ˡʱܿפ߸?ŵڸ־ߵ

һܱԣ

͵ؿ³??ĹڴԱ Ѱ߸ӵ˹һע⣬һһش

ڮߵĽ³˵̺ڡйˡԼ δԴ˲ȡκδʩָĻ⣬

ȫܳ??͵˿ʼʶ³žǸܹ ܵĶ֡

³Ŷ԰¼?ĵһֱǺʵġ ֹܹ飩ҾͲίԱᣨܾ

죩̫д˿˽ż˵¼?֯ һֹϵͳĽһͷԲ??

󣬵ҳϼƻкӰ¶ʱ³Ļ ¼ֻվסŵɱ绤˵ƻʵʩоܵˡ

ʱ¡ĹȻѵ˽̸Уһ صĴ󡣡ǵģ̫ˡ˵

1947  4  22 գԺ 67 Ʊ 23 Ʊѹͬϣ ṩԮ5  9 գԺԺһԽ 3  1

Ʊ 287 Ʊ  107 Ʊͨ5  22 գڸά̽ĸڼ䣬³

СŽ̻Ҿʽľԣǩ 4 Ԫһ

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ǣ³岢еһͻȻļҵתۣһԭ ԡԲ̹һ仯ߵļ侫

ڿϵġġ֮ΪĿ¡ҵ ˵Դڲ̹ǰ?³ŵ״λ

ˣ³彫һ˻ʱָ ߣЧǺǻҲܰѷͷǱֱ֤˵

Ⲣͼ

3

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֮һǸʱǹ?³ź 硣

ҲͬСԺһλľùʱ?ھ˳ ڵҪĹĺҲӳ˵ûκʹеʱ

Ĺ졣ϰ?ѷĿЩˣд ǡ˴

ǵֵܲԵʱȽ״Ʒչúܿ졣³ Ż˵Ҫܶ࣬µʱȴ١ƻ̵

ʱڹ벢ҲˣһҪʵ ߵ޷Ч֮Ȩءѹʼղ?ڻ

պʱ˵޷ռʱϸ˼Żر Ҫ㡣ûʱ䡣ĳЩ˿졢ڣ

۳ܰòͬⶼܺãҲȤȴ뵱ʱ Զ

޵ѹԼڵĽţǵͨǺܼΧ ݺΪЪƻĶ?ʹġһ

ϵļ尾ͬǵһŵıγڹԺ һ֮ҹò뿪ߵ⣬¥ⲽ 

⣬ͼ鲻ͬڿأ ƣ簬ѷ˵Щòȥ˵ľ˵ ȫµġ

 1947 괺Ӱÿһ˵ʿҪػͳڹ۵ ı仯źܶ˵ע⡣д¡³ŵ´

֣Ϊֱ仯ȷʵעĿŦԼʱ˵ǡ ʢٵξѾĹۡ¶?ڡɡ־д

ͳѡȫͬ򾲶?³ı仯 ۹¹ǣı仯Ըϵ

仯ʵϣⲻǱ仯ǳɳ־д ľֹһ֡µȨ˹ġʱ

־ע⵽³ŵĹ֧ 60ԡְȨ еʶʱ־дͳѾˡһµĺһ

Ĺʽ˳Ȼ

4 Ѯһ磬༭ЭļԱۼ³ŵ 칫ңϯ³Ӵһʹӡ

̡ɡţȷһ־ϲеĴˡ˵ ³ϵһ֡ͻȻת䣬ع˴ǰͬһ

еһĪзĶչϵʷȷܹҵ ֮İ취һڵĺƽʱؽ⣬

վһôϡ֧ΪȷǷ ҪģΪ˵̸мࡣ춼ּۻۣ

ɵЭԶԽҪûκԼǱȷ ʲô

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ִƽķʽݻԼÿһˡ ֺǲġ

¶Ϊһ˹˵һǰڼд ֱ׾ıȴͬ

׹ӵʿδôߡ³Ž̸ǣس֮ ΪġŶӡҲʱƣҲԽԽ

Щһ½з۵һϲ һӺԴ쵼һ¸ҡ

ϺǷĵֱΪ֮ͳĹ? ³ţȫͬǸ̰Ĺ?³šǸֺ໰

ϲСӡˡһĬԡº͡зͬѰ ʴ֮ĵˣµĹԱǵأʹԽԽ

ʹԽԽԼְ

?һ˵϶Ҳ֪һ ˼롢ǫ˵ˡΪһȤ??Ϊ

??δΪæϾԼĳԱ??ͳһ ĳݺءʱʱ̶̿Ҫͳ??

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ǿָ³šȰ񣬶ҲԼİ һ־ҳϺС

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Ϣеָ壬ҲաӵĳԱ  13 ˣ˹ʱ 2 ˣ³ӵ졣ֻ

ʽģȴܹ淶еҵ顣9 Ӷ³׼ʱش칫 ҵţǾһһ룬Լλϡ

İ칫ǰ??ȫԱΧİ칫һ

ԲΣĴ񶼻ᱻϸۣս˹ ͨ?ȽйͳԼİţ

ЩڵճϣЩǼҪеԼᡣҲͳ עȫҪͳݽĸ룬õͳĴ𸴺ͣĳ

Щģͬ⡣Ȼͳò?˹ԣ ŽĽлʲô⡣λشŽ⼰δ

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Ȼ˹ٶʿҲڳп??? Ǹڵ⡣һͳѧ ԵָʾĻᡣ

³ͳǸ˵ĶߣÿҪһͨ 6  8 ӢĹİؼҡڶ糿Щ

ȡҪжһİ칫ŵ ǩдÿһλӳԱְ֣׹ӵĻϣ

ÿ˸óйļǣϣǾʹ йص飬Ҫøźͻ

ǡһַʽеÿһԱ϶֪ ʲôͳֽЩʲôΡǷҪĳ

𸴣ǼΪһһݽ ׼

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һӺԼϵһ

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ֳ־õļŬҲͳеÿһˣīƽֽŵĹ ÿ춼ҪӲӦһԣ긴һ꣬δи

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Ҳܹʹ򵥵鱣ԡ ͳӵĳԱͳйҵ֪ʶеΪ棬

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׼ȷ˵ڷԽĵ֡

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δҲеҲκʵ顣Ѿ ʵ飬ǲҪʵ飬ҪϢϲ塱

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Ҳ³Ż֪Ƕ߶ǵء˹?ī Ǹˣֻڱ̸ʱŽ˵

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һҪϵǿ󰣶һβɷ˵ ׹ڶߵӴ׹κϵ

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ʽЩܲΪҲδдĻ Ϊλͳ绤Ƕǵǹ?³ŵʱԼ

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װͳ Ϊûʲôܱʹˣ

ӵȷʵһе㡣 ǰ˵㡰ӡҺܸ

ˡһеҵΡ㿶 رʾꡢΧЩܳˡɫġŶӡ

ЭЩ˹衣 ͳ˹㡪ΪͳΪ

㡪ԸҲ˵ﻰǸ㣬Ҷ ԼϲԴθҵ𣬾һֱ Ȳ

³źٽӵһ˵ζš Եϰ?ѷ˵³ŵġڵ޼۵

ڰѵʱ̳Ϊǿʹܵ ѷдͳ͸߰ĹӦƺݽߵģΪ֤

۵㣬ɯʿǵġдսǰҹľӣ

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⣬Ъθÿһˣ˹Ժ ֵʿЪЩµ˵ǣҲ

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ʿʿȲˡ 簬ѷǿģԺ˶е

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ָȶҪ˵ָˡЪԭΪ Э̣Ī˹ƣԼˡ

ػʢ֮ǰӵ˸𾭼ĸ?ٵһ ݽ¼˵ŷƱһĻҪءĪ˹

Ƶ;УЪڰͰͣʱ һие𾪡 ڷػʢٵķɻϣ̸۵ĻΪŷ飬֮

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Ъ³ǿ˵ʱҪġ 4  28 յһι㲥 Уȫҽʱȴ

ڶ죬Ъټ?ϣָʾ齨һرӣ

ӡؾΪŷӦЩʲô档Ϻ ˵ЪĽһ仰ⷱ

ŷ޽оԮ˼Ѿڶ³ŵͷһʱ䡣 ǰԲΰ칫?ʷ͡еһ̸Уʷ͡Ѿֱ

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ǰڱմѧһݽ˵Ǿеľˡ Ըδùϵʽǡ

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ĸһݽ¼ƱκԤϵĶ㡣 Լġŷ޵ıζŸҲζ Ļҡ

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Ŀʿƺûʲôá?ٵĹ㣬 δĶŷҪ 60  70 Ԫɪ?ǱӡŦԼʱ

ղķ˹?˹дһƪжϢʱ绰˹ ˵ϢԴ϶󡣷Ǳ˵δ׼֣Ҳ׼ κˡ

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ʱײ񷶵Ǳһʾţ˵⽫ʹƲ ³˵鲻ֹܷĻֱ޷ŷ޽ж˻

ܷ˵ȷţŷһΣСƲ Ჽ󳾡ҶһξΣǲپ

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ӢıǣͷڰٿһδҴææĻ飬ȥ һĪзӴĴšݿ˹工ɹ˿Ƶʱ

ѱʾϣƻСǵĹҲ ƻʾȤǣʱڽӵĪ˹Ƶһݵ籨

Īзվ˻̣˳顣˵ ЪƻԪͨŷĵ·һնļ 

˹ַر޷ܵģһΪؽ ŷŷֵʽڵʽӪһǽ

ʽʹõĹĿƶȡ17 Ҳμƻ ѹ£ݿ˹工ˡǼŷǹδμӡ

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ƻʽΪŷ޸˼ƻERPܿȷ ӴΪ 170 ԪסϼԺ˱ָȥƻ

ۡᣬͬʱһλľùʱ?ɸݾ ƻݰɪ?ǱڲԺٴΰ˹ؼĽɫЪ

һȫԵ˵У˵ҵ͹壬ʹž ƻܴ󵨣ƻʱ˼ǡѪ

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ǹˡ6  20 գ壬ܵĿǣ³ŷ Ƕ͹ĽܳʩΤװͺպͺɸ֮ڸ

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7  25 գͨ˶³ŵݷḻġҰȫ Ƕ³ 2 ·͵ģζŻʢȨṹľ޴仯

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ᷴԡһǣһùҷǳ ûб˿?˹ѷŮڸ

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ס׷еġ³Ŷв ĸ 2 ·ݵɵΣ״һʹһԵĿ

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質ҡÿһֽʦÿһ߽ϵѧ ıϸۡ⣬һŰ˵Ҳһ µľ

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㲥ĵϣ³ڻΤ˹أᷢ 3  12 յݽ˰Сʱȴת

ݳĽĿ١˵СʱеκΰСʱҪ ºҲдʮҲҶɹѹءʷϵ

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СݳһַĵֿԼһִϵ Ȼ崿

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³ŵݽֿ˵еѧɫʡĳЩ濴 ǴƫΪа??ǲ ȡж

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գڱҵС߱˿7  26 һֱ ũġܲڡܲӡ1901 һرɺݣ

һ죬ɭ߽ӵ꣬˵Ҫ 6 ʽܲӡ ΪʲôҪô࣬ɭ˵֪ܲ 90ˮ֣

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ԼһСʱ?Ӹά绰˵з磬 ˡ³ķɻã鵢Ҫǩ𡶹

ҰȫҪڹݻǰղķ˹?˹ضµĹ мļҲҪǩڻϣƳɣڷɻԵ˽

һСʱֱ͵Ӻ󣬷ɻ뿪˵档

ԼڶϿգڻеĵϴμĸ߹ ˵ټˣúӡд׶ķ߽

ڡʥţŵĲշʱѾ֪Ҫ˵ʲô

ǵ 11 ʱ 30 ȥġκʹˡ ³˵ʣµĺУڻյĴԣŵݺύ

ͼһԲ

ɯ???³ 1852 ꣬ʱյ?ƶĪͳ ǲ?ֿϻŵݵһѲʦݵ޲?

Уζ٣ලԱϷ˵Ľ ʥ·ߡսӡʮһҴ

֡ˮɺɷʧܺ30 ôΣԼ ļб𣬵ˡż˵绰ơɻ

ӰӡȹսԼ谮ĴΪ ͳڰ׹İ칫ԡ缸ڻġĸʱ

дģΧһжˣ³ȴδı??ѧ ܵӴʶȷĶҰȷȥܾ

á˶ѡ

ڸάļоеܼ򵥣Ҳδڸ˹ ϣĹɽ¡ɷĹԡ

ڻʢ٣³?˹Ѱ׹ŴԲΰ칫ҡ

ǵ󣬶³ƽ˵Ҳܾмдᣬ ˽¶ǽһ飬Щκķʽý 

ȫ壬ǵı༭ͷ˾Ƕҵĺʾ л

ҪӰǣǶҡҵļͥǶôƣ Ҳ֪˰ټЩַʽ⣬ʲô ʽܱ

ûҪǣҲûҪ˵˸ղ˵Щ ⣻ҾҺǷǶ

ڼһֱҼƣϣ˵Ļ ˵⻰Ƿĵġ

ڸصдһΪһ¶ ʱָ

ÿ㵽һк󣬾ӦøͰְִ绰??ĳ һҲףֵõĵĥ

ʲôζӦְֻ֪ 3 ˣ 衢

8  24 գں¶糡ݳڴ 19 ˡ ɼʱ˵ıݡǿ⡱ȴҪл 7 Ļ10 

17 գƥȱھ޴ϵ»þ״ȫ ֻݳڱĻҲĸףһڹ

ݳ³δϯΪйڵȫע⡣

һȱĸ˵ֺ̨ڵ ٴλĳɹϲлĻ 9 Σس 3 Ρƥ

ʱֱ༭ɵ?˹̹˹дÿһˣ ԱͼǣƺΪľܸܵλվ

̨Ͼ۹µĹѺø˳ãλ˰׹ Ĵ󲿷֣ЩֵĻѡĵ

ʵ־򡣡

ڽ¶ķۺɫȹɫͷڵ ɺɼʱһݳţƺÿһ̶Ͷ롣ȻһΣ۽ ȴȻôƣ

Զ׼ǣ˹̹˹дǴı ּͨݵı׼³С㶼һ

λΰĸ質ңʵϣĵ׶ϣƲ һõĸ֡һλľ߸Ůɣ൱

ḻ̨ݾ飬ݳĻȻҲԣӹϵı ׼Ʋһλҡ

˵質̫磬δ׼죬

ƥȱűΪѵơ ˵ǳֻҸְִ绰ƺ⡣ȴ

˵ԼҲ⡣ Ѳݳš˹塢Сʲ

ȵݳԽԽáƺÿһض䶯 ³?򱨸˵˹ݳƱһաڰҲ

ˡϣڼС

һʱ³ʱϲ˵СѾҳһ šݳ٣˿ݳȻᳯ

˿һЦ˿һֻɵıѾһͥЦ

Ϥ˿˶֪Ľɫǵ֮ģɷ ˡ̸ĸʱǼͥġ³ű

Ҳ˵ٲѯλϰ塱

ڹ¶һֱȤӺĸ⣬Ҳ ɫ

ԶǵѺͼÿ춼ܼİ׹ڲӵĳԱ ̸Ƽ䡰ϲϷĬС׹һλ?

˹˵ЦرŲЦƵġ ڼУûһλһ˹עǵĸرļ

ǼУڰ׹пյ֮ǰ˵̫ˣû? ˹˵ȣ˵㹤ʱ̫ˣֹͣ

æϲɾͰһжõþȻ ĵһˣԼǹǵģ

Ϣ ÿ˶һŮʿǰд

ĸס˹еһλѸ߼˵֪ʥؿ длĻΨһŮʿдЩõǷǳƯд塣ʥ

·˹ʱ˹?̶ȳŮʿһΣ̶ λڻʢٵļΪһλʫˡҲǵѾ

ᣬ˶³ŷ򸾡̶Ȼ˵³ŷΪɷ?? ޷뿪ϯʾǸ⡣λʫ˵Ӿƺȵ̫࣬

òȥ£ŵ˴ϡ³ŷ˷ǳòԴû˿ ԹһǳŮˡΪȫǹ?³ ??

ж?µķ˵ڡ͡ˡꡢ ߺִǳһЩʡ

ݹԱ?ɼ˳ϯǵ״ΰ׹ дᣬͳͶ³ŷʹб֮еķʽӡ̡

д˶и߹ȴڼӡŽϰڰѶ³ ŷдΪƽ׽˵ˡʹӡ̵ǳϡ

Խ˽Խְͱ졣 м޲?άؼˡά 1947  6 µ׽ϰ?

ѷθ䣬һĶŵŦԼͶмҡֵܹ ˾ĺϻˣͰѷһҲҮ³ѧıҵάΪ

˿?³ŵҪǺʵġ˵ǡһ Ůˡҡʡ˶³šġİ

ӺҶԵϲֱǳ??

?ºǡɷ֧ ɷЩ˵Ʒʺҳűɷ̵Ķ

ǣ˵³Ҳϵô ȻҲԵڶ³š󣬵һλʵΪԼֵ

ûķʲôʱ˿ش˵һֱమ

40 ꡪĶֻҪȥ־Ƕץס ˿?³ 5 Ӣ 4 Ӣ磬֣վнֶӵָ

ӣͷ߰ţġضءû˿Ľװ ģɭ?˵ڻʢĳЩԱ

ֳ̨Ͳȥע⣩ȫһ κԼ˵һ˶ȥı׹ȥĳЩ˷

˴ӶעĿǲòԼע̸֮ ˡʱܿ˵ĻҷעĿķΣ

˵Ļ԰һ AP ˾Ⱥܺʵػͬһ һΣʼ³ŶĿʱ³Ŵƣ

Ϊȥȫ͵ŮʿӦеӡ ڵһμ˿?³ʱƬԵöࡢ

ҲöеȣƬϣıͨԵ ׽ӽڹƺܲȻرǵӰʦ׼ŵ

ʱӭԵòͷʹ࣬Ľվ ġͳϤǸȫͬˡ·˹

һλԱֵ?˹ǵλһڰһνӴ йʱε죬Ļһʹ˿ֵĻ顣

Ȼ??Ŵ򿪣еıͿʼʱͽסˣ ɵʯǰǸʡͿɰŮʿˣһʹ ˻ȥ

ŵ?˹еڹڳϵĽɫɷĽɫ໥ 䣬˿Ļ󡣵ϰ?ѷķ˰˿?ѷ˵

ȶ˹˵ŸǿӰ˶֪ ˿ϲơ1946 괺죬ڶǵƾֲʻʢ٣

ڰ׹ס˼죬Ϊ缫Ϊעһ⡪Ҳ ǵӰԣͳ˿Ҳϲ̽С˵԰ܡȡ

ֻҪʱܰŵÿȥۿԱǵıȴûмǸ ȤȺùȥдûϲĳҲûгʲôҵ

ϣĳЩۡԸעǴҶ ģܶ˺ϲһ㡣ξܾݽ˽˲ɷûм

дᣬۼο顣ɪ?µķֻ΢Ц ʲôҲߡǡػ˵Ը

ǰڹϵ¶ʹΡһӦμһ ÷ɻ񣬴ǰˤľƿ鷳Ϊ

顣Ѿƿܷɻȥɾƿȴûд飬һ

һεɫǵͨ졣ȺбЦֱһλеʦ ֻƿεƬڵӰԺӳʱ

³ȫһôЦ˿ȴûЦ˵˵ źûֻܰƿͷϡ

һǹ 1945 ܡŮ֯ 룬ܷóϯ軰ᣬƢ𱬵ĺ˹Ա

ŦԼķǽʦǵ??ǿҿ飬 ΪӡټҺȶ?˹ܾܷ

ࡣȻ˿ȴܾı⡣д˵뷢 ڡǴβҵ֮ۡǰڵ롰ǼǷ

ֱ޹ء˵κƫܾұݵже ߣҲĸ˶ĶʿԴˣĴ

ǹسΪϵˡ⵼˶³һڲ ŭĺڹʿ?˼?¬˹һ

δ뵽׹

1947 ˿ͬشǵʣĻشض ȷʹ

ΪʲôƷʲһλͳ˵Ƹ õǿҵĬС ΪһλŮͳ

ᡣ Ϊͳ 롣

ҪسΪһλһ  иӣͳ 

ѡѡ׹ Բᡣ οֽݳϵ ޿ɷ档

ݵһ˵ҪУЩǷʹеӳ ޿ɷ档 ɷͳʱʲôʲô ضǡ

һλʢٵĳ˾˵ƺΪӦȥң Ϊɭ?˹Ҳ³šԸ

ı˽

һʵǷ԰׹ʷϵĳض׶θȤ˿ ȤĻشŽˡղķ˹?޵ķˡһ

ɯסɯ??ޡǼ̰罻Ķ? ѷĵһˣ?ѷŵ?˹һǸ

עĿɯ?Ǹľйͷˣһ λᰮƵμҽ飬һڰ׹ֱԼ ˽ʡ

ΪͥĹˣ˿ڼ˰׹ӵĹģ ˹ǳƵʳƷŮܼ˹رͣ

κ͹õ˸ĽʳƷӲĲ;Լһ Ѱ׹ճʳƷǶκһ˿ԴͳϷȱ

߸һǴġƵġʳۻʺ󡱿Ƶɳ˵ ʵġBBC ̨߰˹̩?дǸ

³ͳʳױתʦ³ŷֻص˸ ͵ķʽȥ

J?B?Τ˹д³ŷ˲ǰεһ˸??ⲻ ΪԼΪٵĹΤ˹һֱеعעʳƷĿ

˲Уһϸᡱеĵһͥʵһ飬 ֵÿһ֧Ʊ

Τ˹غ?˹˵׫дйڰ 鼮׹Աö³ŷ򸾱κһͳ

˶׽ǵĳЩԱܹ͵޺ܳǵ˵ ԵøзԼ?÷˹һλŷÿܻΪ³һ

Դ?ѷʱһֱڰ׹Τ˹ػ˵³ ׹ʽҲڶǵʽһճԣû

ʲôͬͳйزϲ׹ۣΤ˹˵ϲ Ƕʤϲڶĸҵ

³ڲԺְڵн𣬼ϱ˿룬Ϊ 14500 Ԫθ ͳʱн 2 ԪͳʱнΪ 75 ԪЩ

нҪΪ˰ɣȻҪ׹Աнˮ˿ ΪǵʳƷѣΪͥͱǵĲѡ˹ʱ

ʱһµʳƷô 7000 Ԫ˿ѳɹذԼ 2000 Ԫ ڰ׹ 12

У˹δֻͳн³ŷȴûм غĸдΪһƱµĳڵˡ

ˣܹǮҲޡݱ 75 Ԫ н֧˰ͳʣǮԼ 4200 Ԫ

һ죬˿Լ?˹ε·һȥ仪ʢٵһʱַװ꣬ ɫȴᶨظۻԱκηװûãΪ

Щװļ۸

J?B?Τ˹˵˿˽Ϊ䱦һ˽ 𵽵ԶԶһˣ˼⣩Ĳ롣ȷʵ³

߽顣Ҳġ

غд֮˿е֮ ⣬ԽԽΪˡرڵ֪ûԭӵ

֮дֱĸо뱴˿Զ³ųΪͳ ķ̬Ƚһ𣬡һڸҵĻķŭ

ҲܽڲڻʢٵĳЩԭ򡣴⣬Ҳǿĸ ׶Ը׵Ӱ죬˵뱴˿飬ǰ˵ȥǳ

ǳ⡱ĿҪ׼Եʱһλѵ

Ҹ׺ĸһκιʱ֪ע⵽ûУ 벶׽Ŀ⣬Ƿͬ˵Ļ顣

30 һֱҪ ڼͥм䣬䡰С㡱̴ı

Ӱ׹дŸ?ŵźܾǰЩУ С?ά˹飬

ָԹҲΪܿѷصһλɫũ򣬻ǳ еһλٽ??

 1947 д˿ʱڶĸסһ𣩵Щ ȷ֪뷨ԼһҵС

ϸ

ĶЪƻľ޶滮ã

Ъάһͷβŷ޵ ơЩƶɼƻ 4 ʱﻨԼ 160 Ԫ?? 160

ڵǸִʱծ ܶʹӵ 400 ڣս٣ ﵽ 2570

ڣҲЩ֡

9  30 գ

Һ֮һ??޷϶ԼһǷ ʲôӱ㡣ĿǰƳ˿µĺ磬

ٶн벨ôкذ ޷ռ죬Ļͻᵽﲨࡢպ

ǳϣ䣬׼սܷ ȴһּҷ̬ȵĹᣬĸί ԱἸǺض

1890 ꣻͲҵ ˼ĴȻȴһҪɡ߻ʤ ʧܡߴƽ֡

дŸ̩˹Ǳ٣ҪǾ ǵίԱᡣټҵʳƷίԱҽ췢

һ㲥񶬣 58 ԪЪ ƻķΪ 165 Ԫ֪1945  10 º 11 ¼䣬

ȡ 630 Ԫ550 Ԫһ˲ȡġһ ǵսôﵽ 1050 Ԫ 165  4 ʱ䣬

Ϊ˺ƽһζ˵ս 4000 Ԫ д󲿷ƽұ뾡ܡұӦ

ЩдŸ㣬Ӧ˽Ե??δʼ ҵжһھͽʼҪĶ̫ˡ׽

ύһйŷ֮еı棬ұ ǰκͳҪشߡǶԵģϣǴ ˶ǶԵ??

죬һµʱд 22 šһ ҲдЩŵԭ֮һڶ 6 £ǽ֮ʣд 

װı˿

29 ꣡ 29 졣 ɣ׸ۣũʯ꣬ꡣط٣

ʧܣ꼪ֲԱļˣϯ٣Ա ͳڣ

 1890 ѧУһȻҳݵż ҿǸϳǣ

˱˿Լ˹?Τ⣬ûʲôŮܹ ߻˽۲³šİУûκŮ

ʿŮҲܹμڲ飬һ ׹ 1947 Ҫһλи?նٵİµ

ử׹¥ܱԱİ°ǳص ľƻ֧ڸСӦǰͳФ񡪡

ڰ׹еǷ³ŵʽФ񡪡ĵһλŮʿǰδλ ͳУ³ܹȥ 5 Σ﹩ġ

Ҷӡ̣˵߽¡Щ ļҸܿļޣУ˵ҹʱ䡣 Ӧ÷ɡ

֪֧ܱܵԱعͷ˵û ʲôˣǶ³űˣͷ Ǳˡ

??ܿȫһλǷһǷ ФҲò»һЩ??

˵ĵλԽͣԽǷԸƣҲԽ׾ 㡣³ȴ??δʾŭ??

Ҳδʾͷ??䣩ƺ һׯ϶СҸе쳣Ĺ??ô

ɵФﵽܻˮƽ

ʱԽԽǱöҵĹ滭 ɡȤʾһŨȤ??

һʼ͸Ф֮ǰκ¶ܿ һϢʱž޴ڸɢɢ˵

Сسȥʶʲô֮ٴθ ͵

˵ԼФ񶼲ܿһ𣿡˵ ܣȻػصԼϡ

ƷǷ뿴һʱڻǰվӡ ҾԵϲ˵ȻҲұ ϰ塣

绰˿˿ϾˣФԵš ˵һģһ

ǻҰգᶨûЦݣ첿գ˫ Ȼطһľεķϡӣźɫ˫ſ

׳£ǿϤ˵شʵλϣ ϱ룬ԶǹõĹ

?նٻ˵Żڼ䣬ʱԳе㼱е ӡܵ˵ҾԼģ˵֪Լڸ

ʲô⣬Ƚǫ??Ҿǳƽ͡

1947 ģ?ڡ⽻Ϸһƪ£ˡ ơĹѱԺʹáϽȡһּᶨĶ

ƣģ??ڶʾַÿһüᶨƵ ԿֱºƪµΪء

ܿʵ˭ѹΪ֪ºֶ?һ Ϊսж۵Լǿķսı

ɵ?³ǰһ˵ʹùģڣͬ Ļһսʻеɲ֡

սʱԼΪʲôʼǿʼڶ³ķǸ磬 ³״ĪзԿǿʼڹ׼Ъƻ֮

ʱԺĶ⡣ǣսʼĶ ݱ䵽ĿǰӣԵķָ?ЪĪ˹

Ʒ֮ʱ仯 1947  4  26 գʱем䣬 Ъ³ű˺˽ѵó˽۵Ķ⽻ŬѲ

Ч޷˴ЭҪֻŷ޵ķҺͱ ԴﵽԼĿġ

?ڶ¼Īз״Բΰ칫Ұݷö³š ̹顢Ъڿķֹ˹ֵĹؼԻļ֤ˣ

˵սʵ׷ݵ 1917 겼ʲάȨʱ 30 ǰ Ѿʼˡ

³ڻعε꼰ľʱδֹͣ սȫ渴ԱеرźΪһصĴ

սıδעҲʹùġΪ ս

ָܵ˵ΪһͳȱжԶ ˲ȡ˹ڳ嶯ʹæж˲ִٵľϡȻְһ

ʱдŸŵ?˹˵ΪҪ ƽôľͱΪǵĸԡʵϣγһ

ʱ䡣жúҲ̫ˣһֱ븻? ˹ҲͬЩˡر?ЪеĴ̡

9 ·ݣ³Žӵ𼪶һ飬д˵ ΰĹȡߣԵظлΪ

ĺսһС һлУ³дûκܹԵسеͳְλ

βԲкãһˡ

10 Ѯ칫ȫصıֽ༭Աеһη ʽУ˴󲿷ʱЪƻľԱҪԡ

ǰʵǷЩ͸ŷ??õκ

³ŴЩΪ֮Ϊȷ ģΪ±ҪҪʹԼѵĻ

1948  4 £ЪƻɹͨЪݽ һ֮󣬶Ժоѹͨġɪ?޿д

ֵһζһ޶شʤǶ³ͳڶΰ ڳɹľĵĹ屦ȷ缸е

Ϊΰĳɾ֮һ

ƻͨļ󣬶³˽дʷ Уǵһߵΰҡǵһڱ

ϣŰͺͷɱĹ͹ΰҡǵڹ ǡǵı߽ûҪûʿû̹ˣҲûгŵ ڡ

Ҫƽ׼鷳ʱԸ

ʮĸ

ܲ˸£뿪

³Ű˵һ仰

1

³žǺʱ¾ľѡεв1947 αʾ Ըڰ׹סеһ 4 ꣬ǹɭ

Ϊĺѡ˵⡣³˽˵Ƽλ ̳ǣ 1947 ٴɭʱ

ɭҲٴлˣ˵ûҰġ˵ ˡ

½˼?Ƕ˵³ɭԸ ĻΪͳѡ밬ɭѡǶ˵

³ǸʵߣʱڻԼܷӮ 1948  ѡɭˡʾֻҪͷ

ͳĪ

³Ÿ߹˹ض˵ˡıꡱ⣬ֵ ͳûʲô˸˵ġ˿ԸһСҲҪ׹ͱ

˿СصȦеź³ 1947  11  дõ˵֪ͳҪеεĻκǽȫ

˶ϣȥͳ

Щʹ޷ܵ⣬˵ ߺ͹ƻĵǵĸ??ԶҲףΪ

ʲôͳʹеľ޴Ȩʹʵޣԭ ڣͳһֱ˵ĹˣʱȥС

ǺͼʹȥЩϣȥ顣

Լ?˹ٶǿ˵³ͳμ 1948 ѡ Щͬ䳯Ϧദ˵ȻΪ

ʺǶ϶Ϊδȫʽһ ѶȲӵĿ飬֤Щ޷ɵ

ɹؾĺϾĿ顣˹һֱ ĸоѾˡϲܵĵλϡһ

ϺԼķʽжʾ

彡ɫܺã 175 Ѫѹ 80  120  128 ֮䣬 Ϊ״ѡڼÿɢԱŷʱÿ

120  Ȼѹ峿ɢ

ȻʱԹͳְеЩĵĶʣ ְȨ־߼γͧɻרСǺ

͵ģκѪԡĵӺһԹġ Ǻܾǰѧ֮ദĶŦԼʱĿ?˹

˵³šҾһźƤһż᲻ɴݵĵģʹܹ סĳ??ÿ߽ڷ׷ӿķк˳ӣ

ֳȷʮϲȷʵܿͳְλġ񱨳ꡱҲ ܿԲ빫ιÿһְλıꡣΪһְҵ

μңѴﵽְҵĶ壬˵ȥ˰ģ ôиԼĹȥӮݿ?

˵?³־ҪƾԼıµѡ

 1946 ѡУųĬͲԵĳȻ̬ȣֻ ʹĵߡ񣬶³Լ˵һԤ

еĹȫλĹھս빲͵˽ѹһ μңⳡսֱȡʤдϣԼܹȥ

ɡףԼļƻļƻԼ 16 ĳɹ Ѹٵرһ͵ͳһ͵еͶս

赲ĳԼΣдģǣ ˣ⹤ˡũͨ??еĴϵţ

ʵѴӶ˿ʼʵʱݼе ˡ

Լµսǽѷ˵սǽܿѷ ġĸռݹ׹һ͵У

ֻˡֿϣΪͨˣ¶?˹ΪĽ ߡԶ³˵?ѷ͸?˹Ǳ

λˣеΪѾŲս֮⣬û бѡ񡣴Ӹ˽ǶȿΪԼʺҪЩʲô²

ҪΪҵĸЩʲôҪġұμ 1948 ͳ ѡ

 1947 ʱڹٷΧڣҪμӾѡѹΪ֪ ʢٵļ˶óۣ׼ѡˣĹ

˵ʼĺ˵κ鶼ǿǵ˾ѡصġ

ƪ˵Эļƻ 1948  1  7  ڹᷢûʲôºҲûʲôޡ͵

ԤϵͲϲϷҲһڹеĽ

1 Сʱ³ٴҪͨһȫҽƱռƻһӴס ƻӽѣӶũԮȻԴ͹ʴÿ Сʱ 40

Ϊ 75 ֡ΪǵĲһ ġ˰ƻÿһ˰˴˰嵥ΪԼÿ λ߿۳

40 ԪԺίԱϯ͵˹޵?Ŭɭ ķ?¸˹ΪÿһѡƱ֧ 2 Ԫڶ³Ž֧  40

Ԫ⣬³׼ύһйȨر ġ˵ǵĵһĿǳֱ֤ҹĻȨϷ

еĿǿ֪ġ

3 ܺ1948  2  2 գûĹЭ̵£ ύȨġԼȨίԱĵΪд

ģΪֹһλͳƻǿһȷʱ ΪֹûйһйȨرġ

ƪĿʼде˶ڱв

е˶ּܹԸɵ͹ ͨԼŬԼе嶼 ֵܵĹȨ??

ȷලܷԸɼܷƽ ȱı֤ںڹκεڶᱻִܾл򲻻ᱻ ᡣ 3

ֵǣֻйܹ еƶִġۺԵȨɵΣӦҪ Ƕɵʽĳ

³Ҫƶһԡ˽̵УЩ˵ҲΪ ֵСɡҪҵһеѡȨṩ

ЧķɱҪһϷ 7 зеͷ˰ķɣҪ һӵȨֹ͹֯ӵĹƽҵίԱᣬҪ

ڳ𳵡ͷɻݼзڵӡ е״ලʹ価ֹͣ

һҪУ˵Ҫȡжս ڼ䣬ԼԨԴҲѺ ЩҪҪ 45

㡣

һ¸ҵĸԵԣǵȫءرϲ ˸ٹ̵ӺеĿĻ͸ˡϷ

˹λͷɡλڰк޸ơɣ³ ĵľ;ʩȷԵġһμд

ϣĵıʲôش˵ܷȨ

 1948 ʱľǺǻǸͬ ⡣?ȷţڵϻϣͳ

ȷ顣ڲʿ˹İ?죨 1944 һɥʧŦ Լ˵ѡƱ˵һֵûӭϢȻɽϵķ

ŭźʾ³˵Ļı⣬ôϷ군ˣ  11 ·ݵĴѡҲ군ˡϷԱǵƿڴͨǴ³

޷֡˵ķӰϲ˵Ӱ Ҫ󡣵ÿ˹ݵķ?Ƕ³ڲԺеһλѣ

ĳǶܷʩӵһ˽̣˵ϷᡰԴ Ͽݵİ?Լ˹ٲԱ˶³Ϊѱϯ

˹շһһȵĽѷܿѷдᣬԼ˹ٶ ߽˵Ϊ˿ܻᱻһڹԱ߾

ȷϯд 3 ںһԱ߾

Ϸ˽ͳĻ ۵㣬ôһоͻתʱ³Ĵ˵˵

˵֧ߣݡӡڷеһ

ǣ˵մӺĺʿݱӳ ÿ⵽ʱҶԴ˸е

ΪӦֵʲôΪͳ֪ ǴġӦΪ

ϣ³ŲδȫԽıĳЩ ܱԱ֤ʵģľɵƫ;ɵϰԳţ

żȻڷʽֳ˽Կ˵ڹƺ ᵽ˵Ȼʽøɭ?˹

Ϻûʲôͬ˹ǵȥѼ׫дͳǵĲ ϵģڱʼдһϵ?Ӷ¸

άʱͷ˵ԺƽĿеκһ һΪһϷˣ˹е˷ġ

ǣ?һ׶³Ѿã ˻õĻΪͳԵĲӲ

ˡȨίԱĵдһСЩȨ ʽı棬¶𾪵ġһλѴӡ⡱ΪϷ

Ķ³ŷдŽȨʱ³Ŵ ˽˷ʽϸظ˵

ϲҪǵʽʱ 80 ꣬ Ǵ߳Խ磬ҺǱԽҲδ

ҪƽȣΪණڣҪǶ˵Ļ ƽȣңֻҪҴλϣҾҪ ȥͽŻܹ 4

˾ӱǿǹΧ ÿһ˶֪˭ǹȴ˾ʹ֤ôִĹ ҾǴһ൱֮С

Ͽݣһλгһλоֳ԰һ ˾ʿӹʹ򣬲ڳһֻ۾

ȨضԴȴţôƶȴӸϾͳë ·˹ǺͰɫ·ϣúʹʱ⹤

Ǻ˾¯飬Ϊһʹ˽ƣķضְ ĹһЩΪʹòȼϣɱ˾¯

Ҳͳ˹˾¯ıɱΪΪ ѳΪһ칤ӦɰеҲ޳״

ԶҲ޳ɣֻҪ??ҾҪ跨 Ҳµѡʧܶգô⽫һ ҵʧ??

ἰ 4 ˱ͽǹɱ鷢1946  7 С˼ǵӱһСקбǹɱ

ǵʬ嶼ѱϡ³ŴȨίԱıе֪еһ ܺ½عϱʿݱӳ

Լĺ˾ʿ?ֵϿݵııק¹ ⾯Ķ򲢱ŪϹ۾¼һ³ĥ

ӡ󣬴ʹһǰδеĵ·

ܾԺ󣬿?·ӳ˵ЩĽչ ǹ?³ųɳ

еͳֺڸԱУû˱ȿƶȨ ȡǿӲøˣÿµĻ˵Թ͵

ȡ¸ߵءһŬеһ֡һԲڵ ˵оΪսԣΪûܵ׼ͼƻ

Ǿȡжģڸ߶Ƕֻ֪Ҫȡʤ ϣǾģΪÿһ֮ǰҪػӶſո

Σһԡ1948 ΡΪرܱѾ׼ã ݳ 32 ҳдֽļһСղķ˹?A?޵Ļʢ

ʦ˹ͳǰݵģ͹䡢ְҵμԼֽ ༭Աй̸һԤ⣬ǿĽڶ

Ҫ顱Ļĸ顣 ˹?ƿ׵ķɺϻˣλӰġƿסǶ³

żϲˣԣ¾߶³ݱ ãǰΪԼıύȥº?Щ

༭ɫݱͱɲ˵ 1948 ˵ж죬Ҳ һеָϡ

޵ȨǵʱǺĮӣ޶Դȴеʲô ˡƶǺȻ顣дһλѧߵ˵

֪ģһֵ͵ĴҶϿɵİ׹ӵļɣ ˹ͳҲѭּɡ˭Ҫ

ǶΪͳ˹ϲЩСáΪ 

?˵˹Ͷ³Ӿǹ ӡ

Ԥԣ͵ĺѡ˽ǶһǶı

Σաĺѡˣ 1944 ѻܡΪȡʤ ũѡƱ롰աӭϺͽ͹Ⲣ͹

Ͷ͵ƱΪ͹ѡ조ڼһ棬 㡱ɡʱ࣬繲͵

еҵͽڼһӰ켫󣺡ҵӰΪܾ ӰΪǾзȨ

˵ѡƱǾԵġޱ˵ְҵμҵһǣ 񱱲˵ѡƱͳѡеƽ⣬һ򵥵

˵ѡƱ󣬶ڵҲڹؼġĺ ἤҵѡУŦԼŵϦǡЪ

޼Ϊ˵ѡƱѾɥʧַһо ˡ

 1876 ?ѷ 1916 ֮⣬ûһλ ѡ˲ӵŦԼݵѡƱӮͳְλġŦԼУѡƱͬ

ؼǼŦԼе̫˵ѡƱǣ֡󵨶 ؿס˹̹⣬̫˵ѡƱ϶Ͷġ

Ͷ?ʿ

ס;Ӹ߲µ۽ҪĹ⡣ɣ߷ ⽫չϵΪķֹĶ棬ӵ

ɹ۵ơսѡΡ

Σʱ֧ǵͳڶ ϣ³ͳ˵иɻģΪӢ

ЪЪȻʹţΪ䣬Ƿǵɵģ ҳȻ֮ϡ

һ⽻ϵĲУ͵˻ͼ ڵĹ˵ͬͳͨԼ

ԱеҳϵȽҪ˵ĻȽֱ Ĺ͵Ҳһ㡣ǣŴѡȽǽ ǿⷽŬ??

쵼㡣ڵˡӷס ƣе̬ӡĻɵĵѾһ㡣

ͳܵϲ֪һ϶ǫ ˣܹ˵һҪáˡ

ǰΪһμμǲ Ӣ۵еһġҵǣͳġδֵܳض

ҪһͳֳĶΪ˽⣬޽ ³ӦٳμҵĽУĿѧҺͳ

ȤӴ⣬ͳӦԼϵġ κβࡣޣԼμݱ涨幤Ŀ£飬³

밬?˹̹׹ͣΪһ̶ճ̣³ ÿӦ벻 2 Ȥ𾴡ǵ棬ҪǼ ա

ҪǣͳǼ߳ʢ٣ȥ ȫ

Ϊͳ´ǰϱֻԾ?? ԣһͬʱҲǺѡ˵ͳͱѰֶΡΪ

ֳܱĬעĿ??Ѱ 1940 ѡ ˹ʹ֮СӲС۷ɱֽ

ָеκ壬ȴעһ㣬Ϊ ǹԪְ

ݱڼԵط˴磬³Żͬ 밮˹̹⡣ɶ³ȴ޷ֹصĹϷ

߿£αģԸ񲻷ȥҲ ?ֶʿ?׶ķְǿڹĿеĵλȻ

ԵĴſɿϲݻ˵ ƶκߣôǿʹϲԶ

ΪϲһѡзǲġһϲԱ

ΪǰȫΧڹ滮ȫʱԱĵغ 

ڹ͵˿˹ᣬЩһٵ빲͵վһϷ Ҳı̬ȣˣûбҪȥͼκһɡ

޺˵Ǹͳڹɽκ£ ԣʵҪȥ͵ǶȻûжԴ

κһ㹥ǣʹ??

ݱ¼Զ³Ų˶ʵӰ죬޷ȷġҲ ˵ûвʲôӰ죬Կ϶ǣӰȺ˵

ҪС˵ղķ˹?Τġ³Űڰ칫 ǸżءһΪݱ¼

˵³ʲôӡҲǺ޵ģΪѾ֪ ֵеľ󲿷֡ŦԼ̳޲?ŵ˵

ڹ?³һḻǶıμ˵ݡ α¼һݳΣ³Ŷ

뷨ԼֱԼķʽμӾѡ

ƵķչԼ˹ٲԱԽѷܿѷдĵ ƽϲŭº͵ǰࡣ 52 Ϸ˷Ҫ

еκȨƻף֮⣬ҲҪ볫ֿɶ ˼κͳѡ˶סв˵ҪϷ

ʢٵĽϿݳ J?˹ķ?ɪɵ´һϲ ݳίԱᷢҪϵۣ쵼㣺

ϷǡʮþȡˡίԱ˵˳ȫ ᣬǡϷķɡܾ

Щ³űֵüƽȻ3  8 գû ֵ£汫?ɸȫίԱϯ J?

?˼ʽͳμӾѡΣҲ˵ͳȨ ϵûб仯

ݵ˹?ϣԼ?˹λϷĹԱ ɫŨλԱҲǹ?³ŵλѣ

Ҫ˳ѡȫϲ֧Ȼһ ˴󲿷ڵϷѾʼ

ͬʱһȫȻͬ鷳ҲŶ³ţȻЩ鷳 ΢ȴͬעĿͺķʱա

ƻڰ׹ϼһ̨¥ϵԲ鷿 Աļܹͥܵŵ⡰ռ䡱ʱ

Ժ䡪ߡЦɵľ޴ɧˡ ζ԰³?ܿѷʱʱ˱̨ۡ״δ 仯

̨ƻǶ³ű˵⣬Ҳʹеⷳգ⵽ ίԱԣҲ⵽󲿷ֱֽķԡ

ָΪҰŪһȲֲپסȥ ͵ϲ⣬Ϊ³̨һҹ֮һ

š³ƢԼ˵ѷλ

ڸǴѧĴԲĽоʹ¥̨̨ģ ʢʾл˵ҿͳδ̩ë޵Ĺ

޷ܵ뷨³żΪ̨ ʹ׹ԵøơͲҪЩŹ۵

ڵۡϲ¥·ˡǵãЩЩ Ưӵϰ벿ܺѾе۹ͻҳ

ɹƵġдõ˵ÿ껹루 780 Ԫ £һάޱ 2000 Ԫ 8

Уķþ͹ ȵķˣҴ濴׹ҲԵø塣峿ɢʱÿ

߽׹棬񿴵Щ䡰Ư Ƶġ÷ʽˣ̨ƻûʲô˵ġ

׹ܹܺ?ķصظ׹¥̮Ľ ΣУɷӵĵġϸ飬һλʦ

߶³ţ컨֮ûҪڡ̬ Եʡ

ڹ?ֶԼŽ緢Ϣ?˹Դ˼ Ϊŭλ˵ᡢ˼λ˹̩ʽľ

֮ѾԽԽ໥񡣰?˹˵˹ȵķҡ ˵ò̯ƣֶûҡ

ͳҽʿ?׶ķָ˵ͳѾǴũƷͶ ٶͨ͵һصĹؼʱԲڻĶĲָǱ

̨Ǹ׶ķڲϢȻʼʱ׶ķ˵г ѾʧԼĴ 5700 ԪͶӮ 6000

ԪȻ?ֶһ˰׹ĸλϣŽ ԽǱ̾ǵĴڣ³žԽǼԼ

˹ɥض԰˹˵ܶ˵ıȴסѵ޴ ͬʱ?ʿȴȫչ֣˴Ⱥڡ

׷аʿˡˣעĿǣ Աʿ͹͵ڲġܡ

תϹҪʵһĴģؽ ЪƻȨԣ˵һԪ˧ļƻ̸ʹ

ҵú·л³ŵսԹǵĻʿ˶ ҳϷɵЧܻϷķѸΣԡ

Щʹ³ŸеŵӦڰ˹̹ϲ ȡʲôж⡣ܾԺ?³ڻ׵İ

ʱ൱ĳ̶ Ըһ

2

⼫临ӡԻҲǣ飬³˵б ըԡѡҲС˵ĺ

̫ˡ˹̹ˣԼжϵӰ졪Ȼشġ Զġ

³Ÿеܵ˼ͬһҪ Щڳǧŷ̫洦飬ǴɱҴߣ

ĿֲǵͬǷĶѾ ġβԱʱ 1943 ֥ӸһȺڼϣ˵뾡һС

ŬΪɴµ̫ҴṩһáΪ Ա˽¾̫䱣֤Ϊڰ˹̹̫˵

԰ͳ1945 ļȥŷӪ״˽̫ Ҵһλʹдıһӡ󡣱

ϦǴѧѧԺԺǰ־ֳ?G?ɭ³ һֱ״ļ˸жļ³˵

״ܱȥļҲǿԼ˹̹ ǽĴ𰸡ɭ˵˹̹ŷ̫Ҵߡ϶

ֳɫѡֻڰ˹̹ǲŻܵӭҵƽ밲 빤Ļᡣˣڵ¹µԼط

Ӫֲ̫˵Ĺ۵ûκһ˹̹ Ҫ

ڰ׹Уλ̫ҵ֧ǿ?ºͶ ³ŵرά?K?ζ˹ζ˹˹

ԱҲ̫ˣӶ³ϸܵһ˹ϴδ ܵĶ̫ĸͬ顣ζ˹˵˹ţ

ͲǺĽ

ζ˹İСƤǳڡԲӣǰл ôעĿһ侫ϳɵĽ鷳֣

ȫص̫ųڵϵ԰׹Լ׹ӵ Ա˵ƺеŹ֡׽ӽأܰŦԼϷ

ʿһ𡢻ڼ粨ʿٶȹĩζ˹Լ ԡİáһֿȡƽؼ˵Ǹ΢

ˡڸھɹԺ칫¥Ķ¥Сӵİ Ѵ󲿷ʱ䶼ڴ绰ϡζ˹Ϳ¼ÿһ

׶϶ʹҪ̫֪ʢٺͰ׹ڲʲô 顣

˶˹̹Эܿµʱͺ Ȼܾκµָ11 ѡģǻ̫

ѡƱġȷԡ

Ȼֽ֧һ̫˼԰ 1948 һõĲԣ ϦǻŵĴУرӵ 250 ̫˵ŦԼ

УܾоԵ塣ƶ˵̫ѡƱ ҪҲ̫˵ľѡʣ͵Ҳ׼Ϊͬ

ԭȥ֧̫˵ҵνġ̫ѡƱ֮ ⣬ڶԽ̫˼԰֧ռѹġʱƺˣ

̫˵¹ǰеĲֻ̫ˣҰ ˡ

Ρ˵ĿԼ߶ܶ޷ıؾһ Զ³˵ʣ˵巽Ŀռһλġͬ

ȻȺһߣ⣬ԹŴʷϲ˼Ӱ 죬˶ԡ¡ȫӵıʷ˾˽⡣Զ³

˵˹̹ǵͼϵĳط

˶ԹŴʷ͡ʥļʹһڰ˹̹ ̫˼԰˼֧ߣ»˵ʹ

̸̫ͬ۰ĵʱ ԼԼ뷨̫˵ʵϣ

òŬ̫ѹӡ??Ҽǵ һ̸⡣˵κα˶

еطȥ̫ȴ޴ȥ

Զ³˵Լдǡһ˵⡱ ˹ضһսɳذʯ͵Ǿ

Եģ³Żش˵ݵԭ򣬶ʯ ͡

˹ضԺĹԱǰʾ˵еаŵĸ ԣԴ˶³żΪΪͳܿжʯ

ŷеսԺ;塣һ԰ ˼Ļ˽Խ٣ͬʱȴϣ밢˵Ĺ

ϵ˶м佨һ̫ĵƺƽϢ Ϊֹ밢ҵĹϵһֱܺãıϯ˹

ضһıһȱʯ͡ս˼ǿֹϵ Ҫԡ԰˵ƺΪϣյиۡ

ڰ˹̹ѪͻѾ˵̫֯ ӵ㡣ֲ̫ϮӢӡ̫䱻Ͷ 1946

죬ֲ̫֯ը·Ĵ꣬ը  91 ˡ³Զ԰˹̹̫˵Ҫ󱣳ͬ飬֪

60 ̫˾סҲ֪ռеѹơ ˵ϣȥ̫ҵ棬

Ľ˵Ҫ顣
365С˵԰ww.isuu.om
֣̫֯ʩӵǿѹʹǳջ һܺõڣ֮һֱǵ۵㣬ʱ

˹ٷ?˹״ΰݷЩ۸е룬 ԰˹̹ԽԽɣԽԽ1947 ף׹յ 10 

йذ˹̹ż͵籨

һԲ³̸ֵͳ ˵Ӧøһ??ָ֧̫

˶ǰͳ˹̫˴ѳ Ůֻһݵ籨д

ǵڵӦԸŵԼ뱣ֶ ǱԽһ̫ṩԼ쵼 

³ű̫˵ġ˳ŭ߿͵? Աӵһż֮һ桱˵Ҳ

ʵԸƺûʵݣ˹?Τ ?ŵ˵ҸͲǵ¡

һδĸһ̫֯ĸУ³д ŬǴһʹ̫˸еȫ硣ˣ

ڰ˹̹սڸѱΪפϹ˹ УдĳЩ̫ߵжսɶз

ڽе˵𺦡ҷǳģ̫еܺһ ǴϲʱôƫộǴ²ʱ

ǵЩһԴҸеǳźΪҵͬһֱһ ߡ

ŦԼһݷʱ ͷڰ칫ԷŪļ˵ϣиݷ

۹ҵ⣬Լ⡣

һλУ˵ҲŦԼˣЩ˶Ҫ һ档һˡκ棬Ȼĳ

Щȴʼⷽ漤ŭ

رʹ³ŸеðǿȰ?ϣն?̬ ȣ˹ٷ?˹ͬΪ̫»ϯ

һ͵ˣԱѵѣ׫д 1944 깲͵̫Ҫ㡣ڶ³Ű칫еһλ

ʱŶ³ŵİ칫󺰴С³˵ֲ ĳЩȫĻ鷳ԭ򡣡һڸ

ϣ˵̫е˷ŭŭ˵Үջ ʱ޷ʹǸˣԱôָһܹأ

ڸ?Уд̫ˣĥ޷Ϻ

ǵȥԴˡ ٴжعļ⽻ڱ갢˵

۵ʱ³ŵǣѡȱٴİˡ ˹ض桢ʯ͵Ҫԣǿط

ȡκ֧̫ҵжЩҲʼڶ³ŵ񾭡 ͸˹ض˵ԼԽԽͳǸԸ۵ Ȩˡ

³δȫϾ̫˵ϵر ѡǰϻ˰?Ÿɭϵ̫һ

ɭ̫ߡǣָ̫̫ܽ ⣬ͬС嵽׹ȥ̫Դ

ŷԼãΪҲΪ̫˼԰ҵ

1946 һУͬŦԼİɪ?J?άȺһ ¹˾ĸܾ˹?ȥͳºԼ˵

£Σۼ⡣ ³һϲŸɭ֪һϵ̫ˣһ

аĵˣҾԵҲȻʹŸɭĻ һַͬѰҪɫΪֹŸɭδ³

Ҳδȥռʱ䡣³źдһʱ Ÿɭ˵ȻĲԸͷ̸

̫˵??Ҿ۾š³˵ȷǡһ ʷʵŸɭĹǾСԵҪ塱ģһڵ

ʱǺܶ˶֪ġ

ڰ˹̹̫˼԰Ҫʼ 19 ĩҵ֧ Уܳľ³ǰѡ󷨹·˹?˹

ʹ̫?ѷϿɡ1917 ꣬һ սڼ䣬Ӣ˴жȡ˰˹̹ͬ꣬Ǻ

֮ΪԡļУӢʽͬδ̫˼԰ڰ ˹̹һǹŴɫڵأڵͼһ

λڵкˣ 1 ƽӢԼ൱ﵺݵ ģ

սӢӹ˶԰˹̹رίͳ Ȩͬʱһ½⣬ӦúܿʹõǣӢί

ͳγˡֻһսֻ֮ 1947 ꣬˰ Ӱ˹̹ˣϣ⼬ֵ

תϹ

ԣʵϣ˹̹ŷʧ̫˵ǵڶ սЩԭӵԼڶŷĴڡеһ

˶³Ը

ܵ˵ְ֧˹̹ȻΪ˵

ָΪ໥Ĺңһ̫˹ңһǰ˹ң ȴͬһСҲ֧̫˴ģ¼԰ƾӵļ 

ص̫˶޳ɷΡҵطԡӢΪ ƻУ˹?𼪶ȨĶʱֽ֧һ

̫˵ļ԰ 1944 꿪޵һϸߺһ̫ ߡȻȴ̫˹̹Ӣ

˿?³ƺǸĵ̫ߡ 1946 ³Ҫ 10 ̫ƾӰ˹̹ʱ⽻ŷ˹?

һŦԼѡƱĳ󣬲Ұʾ˵³Ųϣ ̫ȥⷬʹ³żΪա

עԽ࣬ɵķҲԽʹ̫˺Ͱ ˷ѣʹӢ˺˷ѣһʢԽԽʾ׹

Ժڷѣǿҵظе˾ܷ룬ʹ Ұ˻˳µתתܵ

άֺƽĽ½ж

ӢһԺĸ߼Ա֧Ϲйܰ˹ֱ̹ ̫˺Ͱ֮ĳַʽΪֹ?Ϊ

˹̹ڵʱԽġΪֱԲһǽ񴦴 ?W?ɭǸĶšѧʶԨкǿθеְҵ⽻

ңŰ˹̹ķξ޳ɹĻᡣɭʯ ӦжϣЪƻغΪŷ 80ʯ

ҡЪǿ˵ʱһµ̫ҵĽ ĳԶ˵Եġ

Ժ³Űºζ˹ĳԱ֮Ĺϵ üšɭ?˹ָдĳЩ׹Ȼţ

ְҵ⽻ȡǻڷ壬ǻ ⽻ԺţͳеĳЩȻ

е̫ˣȫе̫ˡ˵²Ը ǿĹηϵζ˹ȴȻɭǵ

һζ˹عͷ˵ע⣬˵Ҫ ֧ͳΡ

ݵʱЪ¸ƹϹϰ?˹ ˵ϵŵԭ򲢲ڹԺκƫĿ֮

ͳԼĿеġĿ껥ìܡһڵʱû⵽ Ъ͹ԺһڵĽ̫߾Ͱû

1000֧̫ҵһ˶˱ͳıǩ Ȼ϶Ժ׷һˡһпֹ

ͳͼ飻ֿ˶³š³Ϊ¹ֵ ˡ֪Ъô룬Ҳ֪ô롣³˵˼ֻҪ

֪Ъվһ㹻ˡ

ͬʱڰ˹̹Ϳֲڳ

1947 ĩ11  29 жڵĩϹһϷԵ СʱĻʱԷǳӽƱͶƱַ֧ΣΪʹƻ

ͨĻ󷢻Ҫã֧¸ ɭ?˹˵Ϊ׹֧ʹͨҲ

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?Ÿɭõ籨ԼĻıʷ

11  6 աʢ١ͳȻȫְ֧˹̹ Σ

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26 աӵ׹绰һ˳

11  27 աжڡ³ŷҳֽĵ籨 壬飨?ĵ绰صġ

11  29 աʹɡ

Ÿɭд³³ţ˸ȡ ĳЩŵƱ

̫ߣص̫˶衣λڸ˲ݵص Ϲܲ 1939 粩ΪŦԼдõĴ

У̫˴űźߣҵĴ֮⣩ ӵڻУŵĳԱ˳᳡ʱе

̫ȴϲһλڴϢиߺϵ

ӣ̫ӯ̫򱻴̺ĳж ʱŵ˴ĵԶҲʱ̡?˵

ʱʽ̫̫֯촦һԱ

̫֯˵ͶƱʱ̫һ Ρɹı绤͡ȡʹһʤȳʷ

һת۵㣬ñʾرл⡣ŦԼ ̳˵ǡսȡõ¸ҵμе

жеһŦԼһ̫ףһʤļ ϣ2 ͼλڵ 34 ֵһãѾ 3 ڸõ

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Ӣ԰˹̹νڲ 6 µʱڣ 1948  5  14 תϹ˵ξζս³Ҳõı

ϯľ棺Ϊһµ̫Ҷеľ¸ԤҪ

10 ˵ĲӣӢԼ 5 ˵Ĳӣ˹ض߿ £˻ᡰ̫˸Ͻ󺣡

縣˹ض³ʵǵʱɹǲ ֳɲӲ 3 ˣҲټ 23 ĺ½սӡ

κ˹̹ 1948  2 ³Ψһֵùעĵ ڽݿ˹工ˣֵ֧һѾ⧲ٶ

һ׹սʱ˺Ե¼֮һһͻĸоϮ Ĵ󲿷ֵΪɴȡݿ˹工˲ 10 ǰ顣

ͷƺҲͬˡ

³ǰΤ˹ȥһؽݼ٣ı任Ͼδܸ Ŀ 3  3 մӻΤ˹طһУأ

ܲûκЭ顣ˣ Ӣͷ 19381939 ϣʱȫһơ

3  5 գ¬˹?D?Ӱַһݾܵĵ籨 ˵ڰֵ˵̬˵ǵת䣬һµĽų

ÿһ֮ʽϵϡֱһֱΪһ ս 10 ڲᱬĸоǣսʱܵ

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˵籨ʵĿʾģҪҪָ ӡôڵʱᵽһģʢɵ

Ӱʹ֮һȫΪ档׽˵ʹ ½Ƕά?˶һ£

ԭӵ˵ĵкҪ೤ʱ䡣Լɪ?˹ͼ ?ǵרд컪ʢٵղս

գһսǰա

̫˶԰׹ѹϹͶƱЩﲢûм ᡣ³ڻԴбԹд˺֯

гͶķʽҪֹˣʹӢ˲Ҫְ֧ ˣװʿǸ¡˵ľǣ

ұʹҵȷĳЩ̫ô˵

ǧƬӿ˰׹䣬Щʼ̫

漯šҪ̫»ŬĽ33  ֧ͨڰ˹̹̫˹ҵľ顣40 ݳͳ

Աǩ˸ͳԸ顣ڶ³Ű칫ҵһλϣά? ˹˼вҪְǶ³ŲȡԵж֧

̫˵ҵ?ִŦԼͳ˵ڰ˹̹

òָֻŦԼ 7 ·ݷٴ ³ŵĥԽԽޡܾ԰˹̹ⷢһ

ۣܾټκ̫ĴˣܾǮķ?κ ʿã̫Ҫ쵼ˣ˥

׶Ҫ 74 κλĿѧң ׸˽̫˼԰롣Сˡϻۣǡ

ԡ֮һ⣬³Ѿʶ໥ϲ ³Ż˵ǵһλʱ֪Ǯķô

ķϲƺǸõˣ룬 ??һλ䣬һгˡ

1947  11 £պϹԷνб֮ǰڰ׹ λԶ³ŵӰ켸 30 ǰǴλӢ⽻

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λǰݵũ񡣶³ŷְ֧ڸ̫ҵİͼ Сǡ³˵κŪ˵ĿƱʵд

Ҽ˵ط֣ͳͼǳ죬Ҳúס Ȼڣ³Ŷλʿţκ̫

˵һʹ˵ǵźšͨºζ˹

Ѿϸ֪ڹԺ⵽ķԡ ?ϵ߼ƻ칫ҵһļ鲻Ҫһ֧

Ρ³鱨ֵһݱԵĽǣβȡش йߡ³˵Ҫ?ЪĿ 2  12

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ЪܵвΪһˣز һսŷޣжʯеҪԣʱսƺ

ǺܿܵġЪһ־˶ε̸˹̹ дŵ?˹һУֱʵƣҵ

޲һμдϣǿӲֻҪι䣬 ;ᡰӡλµв

ԽԽġ 5 Ҹͳ˵Ƕɫ ڳӡµļ¼˵ÿһͳЪ

֪ô롣

ڹԺӵ˼ǧţҪ?ɭ䡰װˡ ְ

ɭٵ³ŵİ칫ңڿºζ˹Ҳϯһ ȥΪԼ绤ɭеºζ˹ͼͳǰ

ָĹ۵㲻Լģɭ˵

Ҳжʹݺ¹ݵģԼԺǸ ԱĹ۵㡣ºζ˹ĽʱԽԽֱ̣

³վ˵ȥɣҪˣ

ľֹĿɭ˵һ һͳѾľȫԸ֧̫

ҵĽȻҲܹ֪뷨ʲô ĵλϣѵóӡ󣬼ʶ

̫ҵ֧֣ôᡢŽ硢Լ ۶תһ棬ƺ

Ҳڵļ֧̫߽߳ ĳӰ졣ҾãھϣԺ

ǸίԱڰ˹̹˹Һ̫˹ ֮ڡȻǹԺΪֹ 

׶صŦԼǮķ?κڻȽš ³ŽнӴһŬʧˡţ 2  20 ҹκ

ڻ򡪰˹ǷķеʱȫʥԼ֮ӻᡱϯ ?ͨ˸˹еİ?Ÿɭĵ绰Ÿɭ

ϽѯǷԸæ˵ûܹ˵ͳʹ ǰ?ҲС

ڸ³ŵһӼУŸɭǮķ?κ ǣ 2  27 շԻΤ˹صһ⸴У³ųκûʲô

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ЩУδַʽ̸ķʽ ҲûйŸɭ˵³ź߿?˵

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³˵ϣ̸˹̹̫ˡ˻Ӣ˵⡣ ЩϹʹ̸ܵԼĳЩ

̫˶εġͿ̱ŸɭͻȻұظе ѡڹͳһ̾һ˿ܳΪ

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ϵİ³?ܿѷСͭǶ³ίв˹?Ϊ˹ ĽܿѷطԺǸͭģ͡Ÿɭǰע⵽

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ҵҵ绤ȴֻܾΪܵĳ Щ̫ðʹ֪κЩð

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³ſʼָûİ칫ŵתתȥ ŸɭŴĻ԰ŸɭáǼ͡

ʱ˶Ĭţ³ŰתŸ ɭ۾˵Ÿɭ֮ΪеĻ

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շľưɣ󱭲ʿɾƣǰδ

3  16 գ籨ϳսҥ³ż䵣ġЪ ԶвǲֵġľҲ뾡ؽд

˹˵ 1939 ٵصơҽ Ը

뻽ѹҡİ˵ܱȰǿ һսûԤȾ񡣡

3  17 գʢӭʢװ㾫ϲʥ˽ ϹɽԺϯҪͨЪƻٴҪ

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ڶ³˵ǡһꡣڣһΰȷΪһ 谭ƽ·ĹҡһǿʷԵ

Դӣڶսģսж Ѿݻ˶ŷŷһϵйҵĶʡ

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˽رʱ??ʷĳЩ ׶ϣжԶԥҪǡ

˵ƽԸԺƽʵ֧šǱ׼Ϊƽ ۣǽ϶Ϊսۡ

Ȼȴ޶ԡ ڡŦԼʱİɪ?޿ˡλϵġǿӲ·ߡ

˵³ŵκڲ˵ֵôޣΪѡ ҪָƺһսԡȻڹе

˵̸۶ˡвһȡѡϷ ҲһİϷ?˹ڡ¹͡־д

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Ǳմǰݳ޵?E?ʷԼ˹?˰ɪ ˹صĽǣһԵʵǣ³ŲڹҵΣ

ͷϰտָǿˡѶ³ſϵӢֿۡ ȫǿЦġ

3  18 գ䣬պڣΪ˱ⱻ߿Ǯķ?κ ¥ĵش׹³û֪ͨԺҪ飬

ΪλӦܡ?ŸɭΪ׹żϤ ͬⲻμӻ

ݺ³źκԵļ¼еú˳̸

45 ӡ³˵뿴Ѫʵֹκ֤ ַ֧Ρ³źд뿪ҵİ칫ʱΪʱҵ

һֵ⣬֪Ҫõʲôڶµ У³żǵð?ŸɭҲڳĳ˵ ȷڳ

ȻѾñκ֪ġȶ³űĻ Ҫӣڲ 24 СʱʱϷԵֳ

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ǴԺΪǷģȫȻ塱ڹɽ ˡˡĹ롣ŦԼݵˡԱŦ?

ָ˵ڹûб˸еľˣһλԸ͸¶

ԱָЩУ̫˵ķŭܻᵼ  11 ͶƱеķѣЩ³ɵ𺦾 

1928 ?ʷ˹ɵһ

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һƬţ̺ǵڱʯûڽ̵ķԴ ɺ˼͵¿ǣⱾӦǸ

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ͳҲͬ⡣ࡢȷƧԶ³ȴ档 ڶ죬գ21 գЪɷʢ٣һ22 գ?

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4  21 յһλ󣬴ά?дͳƣߡ ʶδģ

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ڸ˼ΪĻͶһʱʱǲԱ ӵһλֵͳʹֶֻ

ԵԥͶ

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һΣյľðգ۳ܻתǣҲܻ Ԯı֤

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ȥˡԡժˡʥ?ǡеĶ ֤̫Ҫڰ˹̹԰Ȩ

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˵˹̹ķκĳûʲôѡģΪԺ еӾΪ̡̫һ̫ǲɱ

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죬ҿǶ 11 ·̫ѡƱġһԡĳۡ ⣬Ъǿؿķŭಢ

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ָ𡱡ΪЪΰ곤ߡ еĴڸ˶³Ժŵĸܡ

ʹһѰ֮ͣСһݿ˵״̬ 룬ͳѱ÷㶡󣬿ͼ䵱ʱ

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û˿ı仯ֻǾ˵ѾȫеѡΣ ηգЩԼȥͬЪ

ΪôҶȥ˯ڶȥ

ЪԱȥһۣķǳ ʼʰԼļЪ֡ʮĸĽͽ

ķʹ˸еգɭ?˹˵Ъ һض￴Լ޴ֻܵó˵ͳͬЪ

ΪǲʹλڱǰеΡ

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פϹŴһʵϣһЩȻЦΪ ϶ڹ⿪Ц˹͡ʹǴΨһȣֻ

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Ǯķ?κ߽Ϊɫеͳ3 󣬼 5  17 գŸ ɭΪɫеġʱķʽʹڰ׹

ʱƣӦָǣµ̫ҲȡĽʵ ϵĳϣһΪʽķϵĳϣںļ

Уɫ⵽˵ľӽʱ³žܾװɫ еľװĴֻϹǿҵ֧һɫ

˷ԵĵͣЭߡЩС³Ǽ µĽϴҪԣͳȸǸµ̫

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˵ǰһʱ԰˹̹ߵĹìܵĺ ҵġȻʱһѾȫ

ȳɫ̫ҵѸٶϷԵľ ǡһǵľһ˹ľ??

ܹڻӭĵ̨Աм?˹ Ĺ㲥˵ȫص˶ҪȥڡʥѰ

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ߣԺҲӦýʹһ ȷƶߵͳǹԺеĵڶ Ա??

Ϊ̫Ще㣬ҲΪʱԺ ʾĸлжɫеĴ?ά?

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?ɭְλ³ð°Զ뻪ʢٺ жĵطȥΪפӡȴʹȤǣɭȴһ

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ͳһѵľ׼е ʱԺʿһͱȽϸߡ

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ϷеһꣻǡˡγװβһꣻҲһֳȻ ᡱĴ󵨵Ӿװеһ꣬Ǹǰ

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Ѹٷչϡũԣˡ己ٱ ʷϵκʱڶ˾ĴӪʱﵽ˽ 640 

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ǵʵʹˣҸ־˵ Щȥꡢ 1947 ļ¼ǡҹκιҵʷϺƽ

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ļͥӵ˱³ų֮Ϊӻ豸ǻǵ 1948 꿪˵һŽĿҲԼ?÷?˹Τֵġ

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ΪΪֹܻӭĻ滭еһ

1948 ݳ赸аһЩиٵĻ ֡ƽһ졷Լ˹ܻӭĸƤ??

һ֧ 12 ƶ?صġҰɣ١ڰϻ ݣµӰƬΪʷƵõӰƬɽı

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Ϊ͵꣬һ˷ζѡ٣Ƕ³ŵһѣ ˵Ĵ 1946 ʱ㡣

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һξ 8 ǰΪûκ顢κζκ Ҫߵ· 1940 ѡʱڲԺӮϯλôѻô

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 1948 ³Ҳ֪ǰˡƼΪûǮû ֽ֧֣ûи?˹ıӣҲûκαΪ֪ʵ

ϿܾŬʤԤ⡣ 11 ·ݽʧܵ Щִۣôº̸еĿ϶

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խͻȻǰλ˿Ҳе 棬˵֪ͳҸպ㡣Զ³һּ

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ܱԱڵԼ 20 ˵İ׹ӣ 59 źӰߣ һ¼Ӵš

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һ˵ 80 ʷĹᣬ˻ ʢٹ͵˷ŭĺСԺ˹?տ˵?³

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ţÿһֵǶеƽ ɡţص񶼲ǵͳߣ

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ͿԱҽӮδѡҪЩ͵ķڷ

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ͬһֺ̨ط˵龰Ƚ ҲԵøſĴǺעⷽʽݣԱܹ

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˵߳᳡ĺƽҵ˷ƪ˵ 裬ƪ˵Ȼʹܻӭ

ҷԼѱŹŹֵеֹҺ ԼȺڵӰԾشˡ˹?д

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ҹ?³һλ䡣

ʱһλĻ˵һλðŷսսˣ ܱĮ

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ݲһשУȨˣ Գǡϲ뱾ֲͬˡһβִ

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ǵϣʹ³źͶܻöѡƱӶʹѡ תԺ

ڱʼΪʲôѣ˹ȨҲ ³һŵʱ˹ķ?ɪɵ´Ƕ³ ˵

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һλɯ?ĸŮ͡ʱ־һλлؿ?Ǯ ˹ı༭ǰǹԱԺίԱ֤ʱ֤

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֧ǵͳˣɿΣܱһ ΧڣԶ³˵һ˵дĶ

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ʱڶءеѡ˶Լʱ;ɵѹ κθʱҲеģ 7  10 յһУ 

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ϾĿʱСƷ ɴͷ˹巽ľ޴ס塱ν

ġһٵĴ⡣ϣǲáѪᡱ ֲǰĴ۾ܽ

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ȷҪ 11 ·ǰҪһ жô΢ʿЩϷˣУ

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һ˲˼ĽɫߵְͳսƵڽо ѡĶֵþѾѡѡ˶һִ

Ƶġֻԭ̤СĽ󡢲˵κ޴ ʱ˵飬ôͳĪ

˵һֱųĻӡ޳Žᣬ޳ɺƽ ޳ɡԵıڽзľѡڽ

Զ³ŵľѡδᵽ³ţٲȶ³̸ʱ࣬ һ˲˼ĵߵʤרСʻԽǣĳһ

ʱ³ŵרڼӢľϲʱŦԼʱ˵

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͡ǲͬһδũҵծĸ δμӹսδƲ 1902 ꣬ȶ³ 18 ꣬

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ʱҲ 1948 ʱĶ³Ҫᡣ

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һԶԸ̬̬ʹһλ١һ λԱ˵ֻ۾㣬һɲ֡

ǶǡƿˢʽСںʹϳҲʹúܶ ˲ϲϣεΪڹԱѲʱ֡

гڷʱӵģ֮Խ䱣Ϊϲ ŮԱ?ĪΪӺͶǰСʹ

ǡվڻ񵰸ϵɡ۱¶?˹λ ̱Ů˹?˹?˹㷺ɢҲ

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ӵԼӵͳѡˡ Ϊһɹ͵ˣһЩҪ϶³ͬ

ƵĹ۵㡣ֶ֧ϣԮҲ֧ЪƻҪ һǿĹʵձľѵ޳ɳɫСְֵ֧

ˣҪȨȡýһĽչĹǶƵ ǣĶ 11 ·Ժ󣬲еˣ

ѣǲֹһ˵λݵĲԱ Լϵ

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ȥôͻ 1944 øáˣΪʲôҪȥ ظĴأ

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ǵϣһλ̬ƽ͵ʵڶ³Ŷĸ Ԥ׼̶೤ʱ䣿

־˵򾲣ĶϷŪ СͬȥܡԼ˵Ͷ³šߵͷ

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Ϊ˰ȷʤJ?¼?ṩ ṩһ鱨ͺѣһֱദúܺáǰ

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ƶ 1946 ľҵ֤ǵȫԴŬ ַ١

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һݴļƷܸжף ͳԼ³С㸴ڿ֡Ƕֵףء

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ѷ 1949 ʱ 56 ꣬һʱСɳ ģ֮ĿҸݵ׵¶٣طͬݵĶ

ǡĸһôʿɾƲҵļ̳ˡӢ Ů˽˲ǹӵһϱӢʥʦΪҸ̡

Զĸǡ񣡡³һѷʱ 롰ʵ硱ĵһʱһ·һ

³һҲʷʹѧҲ?¡ ѷһʱװ壬ôɣ³Ҳʽеһʱװ 塣

ǹͬ糿ɢϰߣˣҵཨ ʦ³ų˵ʢʱ󷨹ٲ˹Ӱ죻ѷ 1919

ӷѧԺҵһʢʱǸ˹䵱Ա ˵Ӳ˹ѧĶȴκѧĶࡣϣ

ѷҲ³һΪԼмƫһ

Ӳ෴ѷҲһŵȳˣһֶԶ ³ŶźǿȾĻǡѷϲҲϲһõС˵

ʦĸһλƾ̵Ůϲ˵ԼС ֪񣩡Ҳ³һרԼļͥĴŮ  1944

껼˷ν˲͵ŦԼɿ˵һԺȥг ʱѷÿдţƷıͨĸḻ ȥʾ

ڹǧͻϣұŵݵĽ?ķ ͬһԣ̡ɿԵĹ??

ǢˡһׯصϴŮʹԼ?˹̹ ˵ġͷ֡еλ΢Ĭк˵ĸ

ˡǳ˺ѣٴι͡ҳе֣Լ Ƿԭһʹ硣

³д?ŵһ˵֪е ĶһֺĸɫʣʱǶӻ̫

ܣԸʾ󣬵ѷ?ʵ ͳƺ˲֮ͬôκϲ

ģѷ˵ǸӵģҪ֮ΪĶ³ǡ İĺƷʡ˵Ƕһӡ󡣡

ѷŮòһʱѷڹ⣬ܷͦ ֪³ÿԸҽԺ绰Ҫṩ棬Ȼ

ͨԽ绰תѷ

ѷ˵һֵǳݵˡܲ һױȵĽ֮顣

ѷ֪³Զһ֪ġϣ֪ĸ ɫʣΪԶԶ˿ֻйµ̬

Щʱ򣬶³ٴηΤ˹صķɻϸѷдһűС ˽ż滮кߵ̼㣺

лĺ⣬Ϸɻöԡһ ũĺӣ߼ĹԱȥȼ٣ ҲܲееƮƮȻ

ѷ˵ңôԲͬͬľ е˶еһ˵Ҳһõ

˴𸴡ʼնһƽˡ

⣬³Ҳӭ˵?? ûһ쵼ϵȱ㣬˺ְ֮䣬 ûйԸ

˹?˸оٰѷĸΪ׼ʱҳ ڵһλȻǳʵ͡װɱǿ³Ųǣ1946 

ѡٵǴ֮ǰѷԵվȥӭ³Ÿ ά?˵ѷһܳˣҳϡĳЩҫ 

ѷڷܹ޳ѧҪ ЩԸ縺Ҫļ๤˵ŬЩ

Ӯö³Ŷءѷ˼ά֪û ׾ٵĴ𰸣ҲûпټЧҩ˵ˣ

˾Ͳò˷˼롢ٵܹõСû ŵصõ

ս֮һɱĳͻ1949  12 £ ڹ½ѧԺһȺڣ˵ܲϣ

ǻЦġ

̸ܶ۾??˵ǺͶ ĲͬƶȲܲͬһ??һƣһ

Ƕ񣬶񲻿ܲ??߳ ԰һֱϡ

ȷ̽Ҫ޵Ŀ꣬ܿʹٵ ĸܵеѧ

飺Ŀ꣬ʹԾԵ׷ҳܼ ??ǱǵĶ֡Ǳ붮ãںܳܳ

һʱڣǽ飻ںܳܳ һʱڣǶס

޴ռеתϡ

鲻þʹÿһ˿úѷǶ³ڸ ҪĳԱǶ³ҪĹԱ񱴶˹

ЪΪһڣ кˡϵһ׸

Ǳͽߺ͵ֲֻԹ͵˵Ӫһһ г϶رȨսҪѷγ󣨼ʹ

ǳĻ·˹?ԼѷȻϲѷ԰ ѷļ۱ܿ촫˰׹³żˣԼѷֹͣ

³ŸǰԤֳΰѷĸղķ˹?Τ˵

ѷһλӣȥԼѷǸֱļһ áﵽĿġʱֻܷ

ʶѷΪ̯ƵĻԼѷлʤĻᡣ ӢʹѷѰ?˹ưѷǡһˡ

һѸֵ

11  7 գ³Ÿһġǳġ Ҫڲúʱѷѽը˻㱨

شϣõõһԭίԱίԱ

档 ³˵ǵģȻ֪ʵ

ݱͬίԱڲӦչըһ½ۣԼԭ ίԱһ޳Ľ飬󡢼 11  9 ύ˶³

šԭίԱ 3  2 ƱԷչֺ˵У ǹؼһƱڶ죬³ѷԼѷһ

ҰȫίԱرίԱᡪZ ίԱᡱǷչ ըǷӦ¡顣һܺʢٶ

֪ڿһֳը⡣

ʢʱһλ߰׵?ӹԺԭ ϯίԱԱԱ?ԼѷŦԼһ

طӹ㲥ĿУ˴µĵһ˿Լ ѷԿѧǱܵʾʱй¶ܡǣͻȻ䣬

һ´ʡⵯ˹⡣

ѧҰ»?պŷ˹?˹Ϊƴ

˵1945 ְڡʱίԱᡱոְΪʡѧԺԺĿ ?T?նдŸ³˵ûйԭܿƵĹЭ£

Ƴը⣬ѡ

ڹԺڵϵļߣ?ϼо׫дһй ܵķ棻ڸѷһƪܳı¼Уһ

֪ȥġֿ۱硱ĿУƷƻ شһϣڶһв׵Ĵģ

йʿơӦΪ˴ɹЭ飬׼ úԶ׼ֳҵļΣеԼٵĳַա

ƻͻиµһ⽫ʹҺһ ʹ۵ֹ֮С

Գը 3 ˣϺͰ± Ĭ߳˱ڵϷ⣬Ϊһըڼв ͨġ

һҪˣιԺ߼ƻ칫 ҵα?ɣͬıϯġΪӵ

ԭӵζⵯƣһζű 

ѷڹ㵺ԭӵը֮޳ԭܷĺ ֻصĹ۵ϡʵϣ߿ϴĽɹ۵㣬 ˡ

Ҹ߿ϣĹ۵㣬ôӦô⽻ дְ߳ȥĴĽɵĸҪڹԺ

Ըһθ¹⣬ ûȨС

һλ̸ʱѷʵô˵һ Ķȥþİ

ⳡܵı۳ 3 £ 1949  11 µ 1950  1 µף ۶ڹԺ 5

¥ѷĴ칫С˵ʹ һұ־ͰºϵĶȲյǼ潻ҡ ѷԼѷɵ Z

ίԱֻλᣬݰѷ˵ Ҫǡ·˹?ԼѷǼ̱顱Լѷ ÷ǳҡ

һλ 12  22 գڶҲһλ 1  31 ա ڴڼ䣬³ŵͳճһֱŵ÷ǳҶ˹?³

ְ˹?ΪӴ¹ĵһ ·ʣ 5 мͯһ֧֡һǮĴƾ˶

һȨסլ 27 ݡױͲ ĵס 2000 ԪĴһֹס

լڽƵסƻṩ֧֣̻ʻ ʥףǣܱŻϤ 1949 һ 1925 

˷ͷвһ˵һҪڳģ

ȥιϡ

µһ 4 ½װ޵ԺУ ĵġ԰ͬٶ

Ļ߹ᣬô 50 ڣֵ 3 ƽ ÿͥ뽫 1950  3 ÿ 12450

Ԫʹ Ծе󡣡лϵۣѾΪһɺͷٵĹ ңʷκιҵиķչǰ;??

 1950  1  7 յһμдϣԤ㡪 Ƥƪ൱һŦԼĵ绰شйص

⡣ȫԤΪ 424 ԪаΪڼƻ 10 Ԫ ǣ󲿷ֿ֧ 300

Ԫ֧ȥսڵĹ õģΪ 135 ԪһƽԤ㡣ԤΪ 50 Ԫ ζŵ 1952

ʱծﵽ 2683 Ԫ

ڸһУҪʶȵء˰գԴ 10 Ԫ Ķ롣

һϣФķһСʱվһǰ ʵϵĹÿһλԱ֡һԼһȨ

Ϸ˽ 5 μдᡣ

Ҳſ?ºʹά?λõֽ

2 ·ְص˽ȥʵʧȥ½һĴ ǣѾƣߣǷһƨծڹȥ 4 

ԶԶڰ׹нڻʢٴʦҲ ƣ֪ԼְʱѾ١³˵е

񡰷˴Ƶġ

ȻҲ˵ǵǶԵϰ?ѷĹ12 ·ݣʧ ȥйеĹڸ͸ķŭ¹ԺĹ͵Ҫ

³ŽͰѷţ1  21 ŦԼĸʱ?ϣ ˹зα֤ڴļѡ䣬Ժ

ίԱеΨһʦһֱϣ˹аǵĹ͵ Ա?ڹ㲥ָ֡⡱ڸϣ˹ġ ı1 

25 աϣ˹д 5 ĵ죬ڹԺһμ дϣѷʵԴкۡ

Ⲣϡһǰ׼ְ֤ϣѷ ϣ˹ѣѣ˵˵Ȳ

׵ؽҲ׵طϣ˹ֵɵǰѷʦ һϻˣѷʱΰѷ֡

ڶļߣѷ˵Ըرϣ˹ ʦԴ˰κߵĽΣҶ㱳?ϣ˹

һ嶯Ļش𡣰ѷҪ˵Ļѿǹܳʱ 䣬ڳ̸еǶ³ʷϵһؼʱ̡

г˸飬˵

Ϊÿһʶ?ϣ˹κʱ ˶һǳ񣬼ȷ̬ʲ

ôԼӦÿһ˶϶ᰴԼı׼ ׼¡˵Щ׼׼ȷɵġ

룬ںܾǰΪȷ??ɽϣ Ȥǣǿڡ顷ĵ 25 ¡̫  34

ڿʼĵطҵǡ

һλվſڣһʥԱЩϣ仰 ļ֮ãڼҡ

ŦԼ̳дҲѷĸסλҸݵѹ ̵Уñﰬѷ˵Ļĺٵļ ֽеһݡ

ебҪͷ԰ѷ??Ȼ һѵʱȴ˵

ǵжϣһͽӦе

ҲһѡϢʹ˹ɽԱԼɪ? ˲Ժ̣Ա㱨ղġ

ʵǷζλ佫ᱳԺеκ ӡ

д󣬰ѷȥ³ţߴʱѼй µԶձšѷ˴ǳʡдŮ˵³

šԴµ̬??˵һղμӹһλųûѵ ˣķ?¸˹أû˼˽˵Ļʲô˼

ȥ֤Щ

ѷдԣʹĽָϿ µǾ仰һҲȥ

ǣ鲢ûйȥ¶˺ͳɵ𺦱 ֪ĶҪ?ɳưѷ˶ġڲ˹

ݵĹ͵Ա?һƪҵ˵ŭ졣ҿ һҿӺӢʽķװԼ˵

һаζҾ뺰ȥȥ еĴĶ

ʢٵաڿⵯգѾó˻Թ͵ǡ ڶ졢1  27 磬ڼдϣ³״αʵǷ

Ҳܾ?ϣ˹Դˣ޿ɷ桱ţ ʵⵯĹ۵ʲôƺֱӵĹ³

ŴƣǰûʲôҪ˵ɴ˱״γ ڡ

ⵯۺͲ²ڼǡռը ը־һ֥ӸĺƬʾн

жĲ֡50 ƽӢᱻһըٵڡʢ ϣҺղ?˶һֱԭӵڸֺƽ

ϿջһֿɲĶڣһԭӵһ

СըĸµĹľ֣һλֵɽķ˵

Ҫҵ𣿡 ŵ?˹Ͳɵ?³˹ʾǶⵯ֧֡

֥ӸѧĹ޵? 1934 ŵԭ оһλߣŦԼһ˵ƣ

ܲðɥʧɵΣա

йڲҶҥ̸˭ֻ֧˭ⵯ˻ ʢٵһԵĻ⡣ڹɽҸݵԱ

ԺԭϯίԱϯ?˵Բⵯǰ

ᡱλȨܴĲԱ֤˵ սǲɱģҪǡѸٵؽǴӵը

Ƕ֮ͬǰǵʱ䲻ˡڸ³ŵ УдöȻֳըѼ

Ϊ϶ˡȵõôͻԼһ 

ıϯҪһӦƻ׽дһ Ƿһ޴ġΪӸ㷺

սǲµģֲµĳɴĹе ܴһ½⡢йⵯ齫 Z ίԱڲ·

˹?ԼѷϽ׵ı¼ύ˶³š

һҽĽӴУרĲ һʱܿд??棬ͳ

ľ¡ѧ⽻ڱǷ?? ıըǿ??ǣڶҲ֪ⵯ

ԭΣյģҲġһԵʵ

ᣩпһⵯô Ҳò

1950  1  31 գѷ?Լѷǵļλ Ժϰ칫¥ 216 ٿ z

ίԱһλʱǰѷֻ 顣ۣӦüⵯĹҪύͳҪ Ĳݰ

Լѷͬ⣬ϲһ֡աвִ¡ ڣһⵯľҲвڵĺһµĵ

·ΪҼΨһǼǵģ һ֡ĺΣյı֤??ƺµķ

˽ġƾͻһߡƻԹԤ ⽻߲Ӱʾɡ

ѷǳд˵ķ

۱˵ˣʱ˵ֵʵ ԸƳⵯƹƳٶ˵ⵯƣͬʱ

ȫ޷һƳƵߡ

Լѷ˵Ǳ뱣ͳصı

Ҳͬǩ ڹҰȫίԱִ顢Ͻ?w?˹ͬ£

3 ˳׹ȥǵĻ 2 СʱͳĻֻ 7 ӡ

³Ҳ 10 ǰ˾ģٿ˵׽İ ӳԱǵӡ󣬾ʲôĻҲûѷһ㣬Ȼ

Ƕ֪һ㡣дͳǽ֮ǰȻѶ ˾ġ

ڶ³ʱ򣬰ѷ˵ЩҪ ³ת˵һֱţӦԶʹáЩ

ƽǡǵȫĿġ˵߹Լжϵ ֵеԼеرȻ

ȥ⣬޷ǵж۴ν ô绤ֻʹһΪҪֶεĻ

ߵƹ㡣

³Ŵ˵ᡰԼԴµ۶̫ˡ Լбѡ

ڳˣ𣿡Ψһ⡣Ƕ ͷ

˹Ͻ廰˵ûжʱˡ

£³˵Ǳѡǽȥ ǩʱ³˵˹ҰȫίԱйϣ

һλ飬ʱÿһ˶ԤԣǽеĻζ

ĩգȷʵˣ粢δĩա˵ε ϴǡһġ

ͳزõļ緹ʱ?˹ɢһӡ ϡ

Ϊװӵ˾ȷǹܹκοܵ ߣҵְڡݴˣԭίԱ

һʽԭϵƹνⵯ򳬼ը ??

˵ԭίԱ˺һ塣 ˵һ֮ҹдϣҴˣǱĳַʽ֤

Ǵġǲòϵ???˹̹ еһڵϵ¶У̸˿ܵķԵĶԡ

ͨٻ˾档

³ڶĳ̶Уºֿǹã ǲö֪ûκ˵ѷӰҲ޷

غ൱ġ³˵ѷʶ ˵˵ˡ

иϸ顢ѹСһЩĻ ٶ³ſûʲôͬľô϶иõġ

ǡġѡҾ׼ø֡ʱ׼ һġǿͳȫ˵һӡͨ档

˲ش˴۸߰һӦøá

ԤϵںͱͬѹԵ

ͳˡȷĺͱȻġţڼ֮󣬿־ øˣ׶صϢ˵һλ˹Ī˹

ְǰԭӿѧҿ˹?׿˹ѹԼһԱԼ ɪ?ͻȻƣһݹԺõ 200 ȷǹ

˵ĹԱ

4

˶ľ޴ġƺƽϢĻϢй䡢ԭ ӵ?ϣ˹˹?˹ıѡĳЩ  6

µʱͻȻģʹҴ һֿµĲ״С

ӡڰݵĹԱĬ?չʵǻȽܶ ֻϢ

־һеĴ󲿷ְ˵ľ ١һ֧ 260 ˵ľӣΪ 64 ˣ30

װʦһʦһ 1200 ·ɻ

7000 ܡֻĺȵλһ֧ϴս ʼʱ¹ӵеĸǿĽӣǱͧ 3 

 6ھ 25ڴˣȵȡ ־ıʵս٣Ҫ׼𣿡

ȻڲһͷҪ⡣ѷڷ һֱ˵³ŶԹ֧ 13O ԪѾʵ

ˡⵯ³ȨԾ߽ȫ 顣ڹԺǴ¥ʼһµۺԱ棬ͬʱ

Ƶѹ֮ĹϵԽԽš 3 ·ݵһλ ϣ·˹?Լѷ󷢡ˤķ

ȭͷӡ°ѷֻܵó˵Լѷ˹ضһ ڽŵѹ¾ˡ

ѷ鱨³ʱ³ˡҲ ʱ֪ԼѷְһʱʵĻ

־֧˻ʢٺҡ?˻˵г ־壬ֻһС𻨾ܵȼ𻨾

ʱһУһͰϡ塱ʱ һ´šⵯǵС

ֱ 1 ʱԼɪ?R?λ˹ݵ 41  ԱһֱѰһʹԼĬĬ⡣ڲ

ԺûһѣʢټߵһֱѡΪ Աƺźϣʧܡһϣڿ͹òʱ

һλ̵Ľʿζشѧİ?A?ֶʲ񸸽Ӧ

Ĺ͸쾯ӣѾԹ߸ĳЩġ ʹעĿָƺʶԼҵԼ

ҪĶһºݾеֿϵ˵У Ӷһֽ˵СڹԺ 205 ȷǹˡ

˵ûע⡣ǣúκǺŵ ˻ͬĶԣ 57 ˣǱΪ

е֤ġˡȫͷšص ԺЪ˹ 5 СʱѴ͸ˡ³ŵĻ ܾٳ

81 ˵֡

ָʵġҲûл֧֡᲻κ˵֣Ҳ ᲻κε֤ݡһϵߣƧ³çƳԣ

?ʱԺδֹƻߣֻûʵ ŻŽһߡһ͵ɱ֡Թ

˵׷ǡҪҳеһɱĻ硱ǣ ȲΪԼǰìܵ˵еѿҲΪЩеգ

˵Ļֽ϶ӡ˳䶯ĶԾֵıĴ ԽԽΪʹĳЩϸŪˣ

Ҳ˽ĳЩƺ¶Щʱ

ָ˵³ǡһƻ֪ʶӵķ²ֻ Ҫ֪顣ѷ˵ƿ㡢װӢ

ǻԸ⽻ҶƣɽϵĻ޳ɹʱ ֶһʥĿزҺͱѡ˵

˵Ŀɶ˯ŵߡĹ ʱѷյ˶Ŀţ¾Աòͨķǰվ ڡ

๲͵Ĭر̾ʱһЩˡ ˹³˹ءչءءʼʾ֧֡³˹

˵Ҳᱳ?ҲѲԱ 1946 ѡ һˡԹ⣬

Ž˵ҪȥһЧ һĹ͵˶ 1948 ³ŵľ˵ķ

еȫŭԹҵһйĻᡣ

ͬʱԺҪָг׵ĵ顣⽻ ϵίԱһرСίԱһλ𾴵ĲԺӰ

ˡݵյ?̩˹£ʼ֤ȡ ǣڹڵĿ֮£ļ޴

ȻĿ̧ڲԺʯܻ е֤ʹһһش̨ģŽȫע

˵ǱŪҡίԱ᲻ѰõЩصİȫ Σյ˵֣??ҳṩϢ˵֣Ա

ǸϳԺµʱ״ڻ鷢 6 У ûָһ˵֡

ƣġ߼ˡ֣ȷʵһ ȡǰ?ϣ˹Ȧ˾˵˾ǰԺ

ԱԼ˹?ս˹ʹϵѧԺԺŷ?J?Ħʱ ֤ģĦȲǹԱڹԺʱҲһӰ

 1946 ڹԺܹ 4 £һձίԱ ιʡָһƭίԱ᣺

ͻᷢҵʷһ˵׼ ⹲ˡ

1950  2 ѮԼ³çָ״γΪͷʱ ³ͬˡŦԼʱİɪ?޿˶һεĲɷá䣬

޿µӡǣһѰ ˡ

һԭܿתΪܹݻٴк ʱܹѴݻ౶ⵯըӰУһ

λͳڰ׹õıԱؽʤ ûмı־úƽŬػȡýչҲ ûм١

޿˵?S?³˿ҲǸ ǣЩлֱӽ̸˿δһ֡ ġʡ

ڶҺͿ־??ǣɺͿ־Ӱ

ӰУž޴Σյðգ?? ͻȻɢ߿Σ壬ȷţ

ʱԺ󣬱ؽΪǲɱĻҵһ ĵ·??

ά? 2  14 ȥԲΰ칫ͳһθ д˵ǡҸһλ桱

³˵ЩѧңҪӵмˣҪ ˼롣ǣҲҪʹ˱ƽ⡣

ҲҲһ֪³ųܵĸȻ ³ſȥǳ??Ŀϸؿ̸

еܾ档дҶɵķʽ ;棬ȻõĽ??ﵽһµĸ߶ȡ

ǣǽ 30 ȴֻ֪ͬһ ԼĲͬ״ԽԽ壬ԼĹɵ

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ڲþеĻж ĽĽʾһλΰĹ⽻ҡ

ƵĴһֱǳȵġ Ҽĸ˵¼

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¶˹Ļڶ糿7  4 գ³ŴŮس˳ ǰݵ˹񣬹ƶЪһμ̸Ъ

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Բ˵սԡǴ¥һ̸ֱƻ ϸںıϯԴءڶ

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ҽʱпʹ½ͧͨؿ̡ǳ  2 Сʱһ䳱½ͧС

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жɱ鼰ʡʱûʲô˱ʾԡ

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һ΢Сɺ·վ ͳԶܷɻɡ³ĲıԱҽ

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ı˳ԡ עĿǵϰ?ѷͳԱУܲ޳

λҪ󲻲μӡȻ˰ɪһλ ??ҲκѶԸǳһλ

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λϷЧһҪԼڹ۲ʱ ϣһҪءԲͬ

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Լ?˵ÿʱÿ̶Ҫʼһؾ ŬɺһĹҲũʶķӳÿ춼

ҪµȥɵĻɡ

1951  2 £ڰɫ J??µһ ԺСίԱύһݳ棬Ϊ˽ڹ˾оѭ˽Ӱ

졷ʾ˽ڹ˾ҵϢΥΪ Щǣ˵ϯ?׹ɵ?

ɭǶ³µԼǰ˽ڹ˾ Աɭ E?Ĭ?Ҳڰ׹Ƕ³

˹?Τ֡

漰һȨֱ԰׹ӰСȦӡ ڹ˾칫ҵļ¼ʾ˲͵ɭִ֧˷

ùֻ˵ɭĳЩ˽ڹ˾ĸʩˡܴӰ족 ͼơǱƵᵽע

E?Ĭ?Ȼ³ûʲôϵ˵ͨ ³ŵ游ĸź͹?·ɯ?ΪͶ³йϵ

ֵú³ţԱĶӡΪһн 񡢻Ļʢ١̽ߡԭ븴˽ڹ˾Ĺϵ

ԼͬɭѹϵҾڽ¶ΰ׹ټԱ һֵ 9540 Ԫɫ͵Ƥ£µǮɵõ˽

˾һҹ˾ʦ֧ġһҹ֮䣬Ƥ¾ȥ ?ֵֶĵ¿һ˶³Ű׹Ϊһ ?ɭ

E?Ĭ?ҲȫݡֶЩʱ ӹԤŵĻʿ?׶ķһһʵ

ǶԡΨľɵָأʹ˻³Źȥ¸ ˹غСŵĹϵ

ʱܿдھԡʢֱΪȨƶߵ ˡϸо󣬲ԺСίԱᷢһЩڲͬ ־ص㣺

ЩõĹԳǵľۼأͬ³ һֵͷֺ֮͹ʵĹϵеöࡣ

ܹس׹⡣ǻԳƱмϲá

³ųһ֮Ϊ¿һ޴ΪȻеİ

ʾʵָأҲαǿ˲ûʲôָء ԼΪĳԺίԱḺ˵ľԱ˵

ţʱΪбҪҾһЩָء ڲϣ˹г֮Ϊ¿ײࡱġ¿

һ޴ôǳǷŭ˲ԱأҪ ʼй֤ᡣ³Ҳûи̬չѸΪһ

̫ܽĹ֡

³ĹԱеĳˣǵɭѸټһ¸˽ ڹ˾żԤڵ֪˽ڹ˾ĵд

мٷԹԱġʩѹżаر˺ ŵݲԱ?˹дһЩż˹ǵίԱе

һˣ˹ѸٵؼԼĵ 3 ţ й¼ŴҲߵ̫Զˡ³

ƢҪͨ˹õĵ绰ѵίԱҪ͵˲˹? ȴһٿӵ绰бºʲݵĲ

ԱҲĹԱ³һֱϲڶ³ ߵؾ˵ҪСġ?˹дбȽ

ʱɫ԰ףԵʮࡣ³ŸȨƶ ߡǵίԱĳԱΪǺܿͻࡣ

ǵ˸غ͵˹׹³ţȰ ɨɾӡɭίԱȥ֤ʱǷֶ³ŷ ˡ

˹˵Щ㲢ҳϵѡǵ֮ ĳĬʱ³ת壬˵ؿŴбƮŵ㡣

Ҳ²ǶԵġ˵

5 ·ݣ³˹ͼ?Ϊ˽ڹ˾ĸˣ κѸٲȡжʹת

ȫΧڣԽԽʶ½ṹɥһ Ա˹˹?άһнһеؽѲص

֤ᣬ֯ķ²?˹ ?˹֤˺䶯

ͽ͸?ŮѸ?ϣ?һǰһ͵ ļֵ 5000 ԪɫƤ£ڿάίԱǰ˵

Щ֣ϣÿ˰һŸԭӵ

ŦԼ³ȿϹ湫˾Ϊʾעڱֽһƪ µϢ

һάĵ鱨ĵӹ㲥ʹǧ Ϊ֮ѡ

Ļչ˸ʵĺͲʵġ̹ʵĺͽ ġĹͺ͹ĵ໭гһ

ĹڷԼеĿɳΪ˲Ļ 档

ͻȻǧ˶ʣ

ǵǷǹô?? гʵԭȥˣ ĺ˽˵ĵ±׼

1951 촫һ˵Ϣ90 УѧԱ󲿷 ӵĶԱױѧ³УŶе

˵ʹеɥ̶ǳʱûйġ ѧԺձԱʱеܡ

ʱƣɭԼʮ˷׷׵ɽ֤ ǳеЩЩǴţҲ˵ЩڷǷ

ЩֻõʽСģκƭ֤ȯһЩҡ ҡ׹Ĺ˾Ϊõ˽ڹ˾üԪĴάֻ

ȣҿҲӰĽ˽ڹ˾һֶ ?L?ķ֤˵ɵ?ɭ˾һ

ⶼҪͽ׹ķĵ绰¼ʾյɭĻڵ ɭĵ绰 45 Σյȶ?İ칫ҵĵ绰 151 Σ󲿷

绰ȰķȥһЩǳɰѡȥйع˾ 顣ȻķҲǿ˵ڷŸ˽ڹ˾ϵɭδ

ͼʩӹӰ졣

ɭֵ֤ʱ˵ûʲô¡Լ  3 βͬĻסܷûиѣɭ˵֪һͨ

ЩԱǱ뷹ġίԱû˾ʹ и׷ɭǱãֳԲֺõӣԵ

һʮ־ˣȻԳӲ֪ܷӸ˽ڹ˾ ùһ 150 ԪĴûʲôʵ飬Ժ

ˡɭ˵ʱѾƸ?µʦ Ա˹͸¶˵ڿµľָ£ɭݵúܳ

ɫֻ֤һЩССĹʧ

˽ڹ˾֤ʱԺһίԱῪʼ˰ ŵĲΪе飬һЩڻ¸թְص ָء

³ŶĹԱ˵ȫζȫģ ɭͲЩʲôس飬ܾͽ

˽¶Աȶ?˵ϲˣԸκһ˶ 򲻿ɾҩ

?Фظ˵ͳҲΪ»ᱻ ͬʱĬ?ΪӵĹϵһŰ׹֤ͨÿ

ʱйƵ߽ȥӻؼҡһϣ޽?һʱ ʹһ١ȺȻд˶

ƤЦͬ?졣

³ƺԸĳĬ?ڰ׹Ĵڲȡʵ ǻµĳ֣µĳ֣Ƿдԣȴҡ

7 ·ݣʥ·˹ʱ¶һϢָرȶ?Ϊʥ· ˹ӡˢ˾赽 50 Ԫĸ˽ڹ˾ĴԼ

 8000 Ԫʷڲϯ֮󸶸ġ ޽?ݼٺ󷵻ذ׹ʱ˵ӴҲ֪ǲȫ

㣬ÿͳǷ߸

أ 40 ꣬ǸҮ³ѧҵڷ ߣڹԺ󵽰׹Ӵ˳˶³ʵ

֡ǰ鰣?˹һÿ춼дռǡ ҲһܻҷյˣԤж³ŵĩ٣ͬĳЩ

˵ģ?G?ͳ4 ·ڻΤ˹أռ ۶³ţ˿ˡ˿ˣҲ֪ΪʲôǴ˿ˣҪȻһ

ĸоûж̼??ꡢŪ֡ӱܹҵĽ ⣿ȵʱд

³űȡǿжԼ??ҥ ֽҷµ⡪ð׹ڼͷ

ڸ˽ڹ˾Ȳȡж飬Ȼ󳷻 һѺɨŬɣҲⲢСҲô

Ѿ̫??Ҫϸɺ??Զ̫ġ

ڷشܡǵģǶԵģ³źͰѷ ʵľƤµôأҵ δأ

һ㣬ҲΪȷ һֱǿսΪʲôΪʲôʹԼҲʹ е˶һأ

һռϣͳԸϸԼĵ ȱ覴ã͵ȱ覴áһߣ۹ ңԶδ??

?˹ڵ½ǰǲԤ㲿ŵΣһ ͳΪʲô̺СŵǶʩӰ졣³

ЦŻش𣺡ˣһܳĲԤΣȴһ ȵμҡ

ڶ³˵ԲĹǴ̽ĹͷԲǿ ˹ǵһ벩ʶһԣİ

İ̼ͥﳤĸ׿¸˹ѡ һˣһϵĸŮڿ˹ܵǵľ

ء³Ŷر羴ǡ ֮һ 16 ʱڸóиԣĵ 4 ֯һ

˾ֲʱڻδָйʲôΪ ³ϲΪһһ³״ΰʢ

ʱζ³ίԱһʣӴˣһֱᶨ ǡعΪ 1944 ˹³źѡΪ 1948

³ŵľѡ˶ڴڼɹص˻ʢٵһ ʦձ鿴Ƕ³ 1948 ػܾѡֶʤ

ıߡ֮һһ³ΪȫίԱϯ籨ֽ

˵һϵʵ »˹շȶ?û

ʲôѶܲ³ְҵʲô 6 Ӣߣ棬һֵ

һŰԲԲһְҵμҵģ а취СƬļȻЧ

ر˼֪Ӿ˽εķˣ ³ŵĴ󲿷ֹԱûйġ˵ᡰԹɫ

ҪëǰȾƣΪˣڹȥֹһεʹ ³ŶƢ1944 ѡͳϣһЩհͺ

׷ȵ±˿뿪³ ܱǸдŶ˵ԲƹĿ

ȫȷġ

ϲܹԼİò־ȶˡ һ㣬ϣǴϻȥһڲ

Ŀɳܵ¡ʹ뿪˹ǵĴ֣ΪΪ ûеõΪ֮˵ƴΨһѵõĳΪһ

쵼˵ĻᲢʹԼõ˺ܴԾʤ ҾҶۣǲ??

ǣ³ŲûаԼϻȥȷʵȻβ Ҽϵϲ1949  9 ڿ˹Ϊе

ϣ³Ծۼž޴ı˵ȶһж ã˵ģΪμᣬ³źͰͿר̳˷ɻ

ʢٸϵͳεϯ ͱ?³Եþ˵Щ

ֵѡҪʱǾߣϲ ҵΧϵְҵ֮ͬ顪Ŀ

˹ǷһƬͬĽк

ڳϯ 2000 УкüԱ˵ĳĶͽ Ե÷ǳעĿаʱ˹ռͳελթƭ߲

˹?ǣ˽ڼºʹóʱڵһκ ɱб˻СŽСĵر˳ϯʾ

ѡͻһʵǱ˿ǹλڶ³ Ŵϵһֲıӵǿʬ嵹һ

СĹ?S?³ͳĻ¡

ڰ׹๤Աڿһܴĸ 

޽?ʮԼд޴ ܣƺҲǸƭӡ

ȻӦôְְ߽Щͳͳ ɾ޴𺦵ƭӲְһͳ֤ʵйЩ

ΪӦñְ??ҪӦͳЩо



ȶ?Ȱ³ӦӵʹԼѲе˵

ǽٵ㡣 ³ͼʹӰһػش˵ûйϵȶû

ϵ ³ĵ?īƶԴ½ܵ飬īĿ̰ġ

ֱϵĹʣڶ³еλʮҪԶһ⡣ īƵĵ鱨ļ׼ϣеһμдϣ

³˵վڲһߡ³˵ȫίԱϵ ԶӦΪ˶ΪΪ˷ȡ𣬶ӡǲ

ûиɹ£ҶԲġ 

īı¼б˵Ը˽ڹ˾ĵ꾡 ʾûʲôŬӰ츴˹˾ӡˢ ˾Ĵ

¹˾ 1949  1950 δڼÿ ˽ڹ˾ʥ·˹칫ı¹˾

1949 괺 1500 Ԫ??ƺ벩 ȫһµģ 1948 괺ù˾Ƹȥ 2 

һ㷨1949  4 µΪȫίԱһ ʽнˮĹԱʱԶǱĿ??

˽ڹ˾¹˾ĵԱδδ һκֱӻӵͨšīƵĽ

ڸ˽ڹ˾Ĵûʲô֮ѷֵЩ ʵ֤ʵ˲ѾĹڴµЩʵ൱

رΪķŴûйϵҲûеΪʲô Ӧ˶ܵȷĻ

īƵıֻʹ³ŸеǳˣͬʱҲǿԼ 򣬼Ѷκ˵ĹԵĶġ

³˵ҲģΪκһ ϵ˼һܶжϡһЩ

ҲòһЩˡ˵㲻ܳͷһʹû дȴ񲢲ȷˡ

10 £һ°Ľҷ󻺽˶Բָ𡣹͵ȫίԱ ϯ??Ӳﰣɭ֤˵ϡÿ˹̫?

޹˾ôδù˾Ը˽ڹ˾иԤ  25 ԪĺôѡӲﰣɭã˿ܻΪΪ

죬˺Ц顣ίԱ˵ΪһҰϯ οܵӰ죬˵ǲ˼ġͬ

еѿĹ͵˲Ϊѡ˵Ҳ˵Ĳ˼顣 ԺίԱڷ󱨸ʱûκΥ

ΪݱֵصߵĴʾ䣬Ĺʧڡδֳ ֽΥΪֵΪڵʱڽԭ򡱣

ҲѴȥȫίԱϯְ񣬶˰ֵĳȴȵʱΪֹ κһԵøͻˡ

һԼ?˹εһֱŬŪȫظ ˰ղŸΪĳϵҥԵࡣ˹εµжЧ ΢Ȼ 1951

 4 ʥ·˹˰ղķ˹?P?ձ ʹְˡ7 £³Ųòʿٵĵ˹?W?

;ɽɽղķ˹?G?ʷ˹˰ٵְʷ˹ 8 ͬ Ҳְͣʡ֮󣬲³ֵ˰Լɪ?P?

ְ

 4 ˡᡢʷ˹ɱ? ģʱ˹ͳµĹĸˣ 4 

˽ǵĹʱΪҪ˰ֻǼεְҲ пи顣 4 ҲǴ

СŵĲʵǵְڼ䣬ܵΪǹ ȻġΪʮֲⱵġظ淸ܻߺְ

Ϊʿٵ˰ٵ򱻿ظ淸нܻ¸Ƿ˰ Ϊھɽɽʷ˹Ҳظ淸ȷ˰թҪΪڲ³

֣걨Լ˰ʱƭΪִͨ Ϊ˰ٵÿ 10750 Ԫн֮⣬˽ 25 Ԫ

Ǯ

ڼ䣬?J?ͻȻ򽡿ԭ򡱴ְ 𳤵?A?˰վ־ֳĹʲ˹?Ҳ ̴ְ

11 ·ݣ³Ųò˾˰˾˾˾ T? ?¶ְԺһίԱĽ˵¶Ȼ

Ǹ𾴵ˣȷ˰յĹԱĽԵɡ

 12 £?Ϊ׹׼һݱ¼б˵ܵļ ӵ̫죬׹Ա޷ļ֤Щ顣

³ű绤ǿ˵б͵˰ٶ˹ Ա⣬³ѲȡжѸϴ˰ֵĻһû

ʲôܹȵġ 12 Ϊֹ 113 Ա 6 ˰ٱ͡ڲְµȫίԱϯ

?E?ʱ³Ż˰ٲǶ͵ ְ񣬶ļල֮¡

Ȼ˰վֵĸΪȷʵ𾪣͸ýˣ ʹ?˹ʱһЩҪԱģҲȻ

ΪǶ³ŵĲ£һѡǵһ ˰վ־ֳѲܹΪԼб绤ˣ 1949  10 

ಡλ T??¶һùıȽ϶Ե ޴ΪʲôǶǵҲܹһƤ£

һλ˰˾нʦ͸ʥ

 12 ·ٿһμдϣʶ³ǷҪȡ

ϴжش˵˵ȡжɡ

ҲΥҼͬס³˵﷨ʹǸеԻ ³źĹԱ˵СͰ仰ʱܿ

˵һŷҶһϵڸϷУ Ҷĸ׶ܾ޸˹һº˵Ҫȥĵط

Էɣ㲻ͬסˡ

ǷоѱԼѡأ

ȣ˭оء˵֮ٶ˵ һ䡣

ϰ壬㽫òμ 1952 ͳѡ?ֶһ 칫ԵĶ³˵ʲôأ

ǻ˵ġ³Żش˵۾˸Źâ

֪ûʲôˡμӾѡ

ưɡ³Żش˵ֶ߳ͳ칫ʱȷ ͳٴβμӾѡ

ͬԱ˽ֶ³ŲٲμӾѡ ˽ô

һʱֶ¥¹Ա˵һ뿪׹ ȫ֪ЩƽʱҵͷҽڴϾͲٴˣ

ǿң˵ƣǱߵǸּһģ ЩʱеһʹúЩԱ뵽Ϊʲôͳվô

ʱذֶء ΨһһͻؽŶ³ٴξѡǱȶ?أ

˲üݡԶ³˵ΪԼΪļͥӦ 

ڳʣȻƽ̸Ѿ¿ʼڰŵ꣬ս ̸е֢ڱϹָӲ² 132 򱱳ʿ

⡣ԭ˫ͬ⣬жжһ˫Ӧȫս һߣΪıսԼ 62 ˲ϣǲ

³żҪǷؼҵѡȨڵڶսʱ ˹ѳǧʿ䵽ǣЩΨ

һ˷²һ԰˽ȥɱū ȡͣս³Ŵ粽õ

ڳʵڱսһĴ½ˡˣ սһڣȻζŸĥѡ

ԴΣƻŶ³ŵͳְȨû˱ȶ³Ÿ ʹսˡĵ飬һ޳ʹԭӵ

ⳡսȻ³žĿߣҲп ͨ뺵ԼĻ롣һߺ޺ܴķй

Уһƪͨдд߳˽¶Уд

һЩҵ򽻵һʵͼ թͷӻ򷷶ŵͷĿ򽻵һ??ҿ ʵһֻ 10

޵ͨ뺣֪ͨĪ˹

йĴӳʱ߾ӡ֧ǵĺߣǴ յֶδݻ޵о»أǱͧأ

нһĸԤΪʵǵĺƽĿǽʲô ۿڻС

־ǿԱģֻҪйӴӳʳ ֹͣԹйһսʵ֧Ԯǵġ

û¶ˣΪ˳棬Ϊ ȨΪĺƽǴⳡս??

ǶЩαĺƽѸе룬Ȼûдȡ ƽϰ취??

ֹͣڹıͽǹӦսʲר־ һѴɵЩЭĸߡ

ζŽ߾ȫսζĪ˹ơʥ˵ñ ˡϺ˳ڡ˹ָԼ

칤ݻ١

ǷҪȥᡣ

Ǵδ˵ĻûĴ㡣д

7 Ű칫ֽսһȻͷļ ๤˵֪ͳһ׵Ĺ

ڻʢٵͻϣһЩĹ͵˼˸߲ҵ Ǿ͹塢ܺͳʵ̸ 1952 ⳡġѡ١

ѿʼѡĹ͵˺ԽԽ̸Űɭ Ǹĺѡˡ 12 ·ݣԺίԱῪʼ˾

˼ӹŵİʱ³е½ ͵㣬ȫ 23˶ΰĹʾͬ

Ǵʱ׹ĹԱѱ֪11 Ѯʱ³ڻΤ˹ صݶ̵ݼڼ䣬ټС׹Ŵ˿˵ԣȻ 

1950  4  12 дǷƻĴ  1952  4 £Զٿȫ֮ǰٲ

Ӿѡǣ˵δ 5 ڱԴȫܡ ˵ڽ¸ǣԱܹʼԼļ

³Ű¸ǣƺ̸еΪɡ

޽?ȼºд˿δ쵽ڸ ڹϵ϶ͳκβͬǣΪʵرȫ

ԱĻͬΪ

ԺΪǺЧҵһֱ׼Щ֪³  1952 ļƻ˵Уûһ⽲һ֡Ҫ

һֱ 5 ¡

1952  1  5 գµһеĵһڣڽ 77 ʱ طλ˹?𼪶жݷʡ𼪶

ŮŽִ³ġŷɻȥŦԼʢ٣ ³Ĺһӭͷ׷𼪶ϤǸ

Բñһѩ̣ȥ϶ˣǰˣ

ҲˡעͶ³໥ʱǸʿ

ʨ͸עĿĸ߹ϵʡ³ž˵ ˵𼪶һʱΰ֪ʿԵϰ?ѷ˵

۲Ϊǲò׷ 4 ԱѰ ۵ˣ𼪶ĳɾΰģȡóɾ͵ķʽҲͬΰ??

һжʹ˸ܵ;ֹ??

ڡ˹ͧϳͣʰӺ𼪶ʼ ̸ľԼ۹вƷǶǵ

Ҫԣ̶³쵼Ĳܣ𼪶˵ ģʵġΰ԰ѷ?

˵ǸԶֵûʱ̡

Ŷ³ţ𼪶˵ͳϴμǶ ̹Ļϡ³ŵͷʾͬ⡣

ұϣ𼪶˵ʱҶܲ𾴣Һ Ը渻?˹ͣһ˵Ҷж

شˡʱ泬κˡ

ڶԶ³˵һʱڳڶӹ׵ĳš ֹĳսԼڶ쵼ɥʧĵĶλ

ʿȵϻһεأҲֻܹΪһֿ϶

2

׹ļ³žذѰ׹ǡɫ ΰ󱧸İɫĹǡ˰˵ķݡס

ܱŤеʮֹµҲͳս ڰ׹õһЩϺĴϸشͳķʽ¾

дᡣ J?B?Τ˹˵ģͳ͵һѾʹ׹ָ յġԻ͡Ȼ˶³źܴĿ֡

Ҳڰ׹סκһ³ŸܵϽ ĹȥЩסЩǿ˶ȥ

ڣĵزмǵĹŵ ¥ݻķšͬ?ŵѾ۲쵽

Զ³˵ʷ鱾ϵĳһ ֣ĳҪضȤÿ̸𰲵³?ܿѷ

Լ??ǵ˹ǲ?ֿʱ̸ʶĳ һ 1950 һ糿Լ?ѲӰ

ķ޹̣ʱ¥濴κһ޴Ľ ϵǽѳһǣŸֽδӹˮԼܵ

ȡûиķ䣬ԭڲĸѲڡΪȥ ˾һĳǱڲ޽һִ칫ҡȻ³һ

һʷɫЩ仹ȫ ÿӦŵλһдѲӳһ֡

Ϸ³ָĶǡָ Զһ˵ǡ

˵֪׹ʼ 1792 ꡣһסԼ?ǵ ˹ķˣʱ 1800 ꡣǰʱ¥ֻʰ 6 

ӹסá䡮ʱֻһʯͷܣ԰ȸǶ?ǵ˹ ˰ϴĵطһ龰ɣ

װ޺Ժ󣬽ܿѷ 20 ̵۷棬ÿ̵۵ļ۸Ϊ

125 Ԫ ʣǷʹڲṹָöô¥֮ǰ

³ŶȻشޣȷʵ ʷ⣬³Ҳ˽Ϊľ޴

׹ԺʼʹЩСͳͧ

ͳķɻרкʹ͸߼γⲢֻΪϲЩ Ϊ֪ЩְϺҪԵĳ̶ȡʱ

ѡԴζǣŽͷԵڵĥ ƤµȾʢٵĻҾ桱ʱ³ŷ

άͻָΪеĳߵλһĹУ ܹټճʹԼսԼźе

ϲǲܵݹ·ͷԺ¥ԼѾΪ ̨ǸĴ߿ٴγΪ֮һϽ

Ľߡ޸ߺͻߡͳڵ⼸û ʲôܹɵĹ̽˴㡣

ӿʼ׶Σע̡׹Ĺٷʦ? ˹ 1949 괺дͳԸǣ޸ҪƾԱ

ʹṹ״ԼҪĺ͹̶Ľζܳڹ ʹá

ڽ 6 µĹ滮󣬵һڲж 1949  12  13 ն

³ϣ̸ȫΡΪЩϾͳסլ ܾˡһͳۡίԱᣬͳ 6  Ա

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˼?գǲԺʱ鳤ʱ 80 ꣬Ϊϯ½ı 칫ҵһٽ?E?ܶθù̵ִΡڹ

³ϵֱӵǰ׹ʦ˹壬ҹ شľԼǶ³š

ϴ 1902 ¶?˹ͳڼϵĴýйһ δļޡŦԼġ׵뻳ؽ˾Ĳ˹?

ָ£رеѿάʽʽıһ־ ʽһµĺĵװú֦εƵĸ

̻װԵĶɵüִ١ṹ ˣʹ÷ܵ˵ȹȥιˡ³˵ģȷʵ

һ׾ӵĹ 47 ³ٵҪԭ 

Ȼ׹ɳǽڡԼڿ֥ͳʱڵ 20 ķ ¥Դι̵״̬ӵѴ̮ıԵ

һµĻֵΣա׹ڳǽѳ˺ܴΪ˰

װܵߣֽѱпۿڻضϡ¥Ĵ󲿷 1814  ӱӢʿջٺؽѺܲȫίԱ

רԱ䱨гƣṹϵʺͳ̶ȱȷʵ ġ˹ƣԴѧ֤¥Ѳͦ

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1949 ʱҪҪǣǷҪѷ 3 ¥ڲԭеĶ ߣǽȻ½ڲһʩƵ¥

бⲿʯ鲢ǱţؽµĴ¥ʱװ Щʯ顣һݺıĻ˵Щƻľʾ

һǲ̫ӵ飬رΪⲻ漰أһ漰 ʹ˲ò˳ӵз档ֲֻǽʹ

̽չѶСһЩҲһЩܽʡ 30  40 Ԫ֮ࡣǣ ίԱֻһԱִݵԱ·˹?C?

޳ַ˵ٰ׹ǲܽܵġǻ һµΪ³Ŵûпǹ⡣

³źͷίԱȡİ취ô׹ǽ 1950 ʼĹʱѿʼڵˡ˽᲻ò

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ʵϣǽδ棬3 ¥µȫˣʼ ʱһһСĵؽţȫ٣ֱڲڿգ

ӱһ׵Ŀտǣɵǽøּ֧ʵλϡ ѹ·ʼھﵽȫµҵĸ߶ȡһرľ

³ռдǰ涼ˡңŽ ˸ͻ״ڵ۹áǴ¥κط㶼δ

ϲؽӲ죬ܸߵĹʹõ խĹϡ

̼ƻ 5412 Ԫ1951  12깤ѳǵԼ? ɳ˾ԵͼͶΪܳа̡ҹ˾Ǵ¥

ѷãڻʢкܸߵǣһ糿³ŴӲ ߹׹ƺһɳĴʱߴ

κ?ķ̰ѡǸῪ

̱һʶҪöҲӵöࡣʢȫ ˾ûʶ漰һлʲô̶¥Ϊ ³޽ķݡ

׹ǽճ 149 ֮áΪʵӹ̻ ϴ˹Լ 126  4 Ӣ߼Լ 25

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ĸּܽṹ¥ĵػڳǽʯϵ֧šҲ̫ Ҫˣһ¶ԭʯڲ棬³Ÿ˵ط֣

ʯ϶Сûᡱıǡ˵˽⵽1792  10 µǸζصĹûԱ?ʢͳͷݵĽʦղ

ķ˹?ǰ¥ĵһʯз أۼڡȪƵꡱΪ 15 ݣΪͳ֮͡

µĹûͽǡɱ

ڡ 1902 ʱϵĻ淢ղķ˹?Ƶԭ װԻܿڡڶǽ淢˹?ѷͳָʾڵһھ

ܶٽϲƺʱ칫ղűֵĸָƷ һһĽӡשͷڱҵһ֧ĳìһ

˫ŴĹЬ

»ҪҶҪ޽Ϊԭҵġʵ ĸƷ¥¥һЩСĸĶ⣬ҲҪָԭӡ

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ż򡢱¯̨ߺ͵ذ顢͹嶼 Ϻ룬ϱǩ˵صֿⱣ档20 ı¯ܱ

͸˲ݣ 95 ҵľשâظԣʢͳ סغĹءע޸԰Χǽؽ?ʢٵĸ̽԰ʱ ʹá

ṩѡ׹жʮֲͬļƷĻ ᣬЩеһֹؿ 1 Ӣ߳ԭľ۸ 25

֣һששֵ 1 Ԫһϵ ľֵ 2 ԪƳһչͥõľСľ鳡

ЩǮ֧ʱķáÿƷ˻ɵõһСġ֤ ơǸ 100 Ԫ򵽵שһµı¯̨档

³ȳͬṩЩƷ⣬տ󳬹֧ 1  Ԫ˵Ҫ͸ 48 ݵݳÿһð׹ľСľ鳡

ʯʾԭʯıʱ˴ʯ 飬Щ·޸һ¥ǽУĽ͸ÿһ

ݵĹû֯ҪֻᣬΪûͽ֮ϵı־ ǵж̵ĽȼӿʱñĲȴûб

ɶֵĹľذ顢ľϡϵĹ̶ܵװáľšשͷʯ ݵı߶Щϱڽ

󲿷ȴϡӷ֡ſƯĻװȣһ ѾΪ˸ƶͼ㣩Ϊкһ֡

һŰ׹ġƬԽ˺ǵ

·ͣʻš ִά޹ı׼ǲҪĺͱԵʧΪ֮б

Ļѽܴ󣬶ͳϣںʱɡ ڷ֮ǰ׹ 62 ䷿ӡ26 ȡ14 ԡҡ

󣬽 100 ӡ40 ȡ19 ԡҡ 147 ȴ

412 š29 ¯12 ̴ѡ3 ݡҲһӹ㲥һ նʩڵʱȷĺͺʾ޴ı־

ӵķԡҶ¥31 Ӻ 9 ԡң ĵЩ޺֮󽫻һ 50 ִ̨͹

ҵ塣мҡһϴ·һҽҡҽҡԱ

ҡ;ңһ鿴ŵþȫκ طγе°׹ȽĻе͵豸

Ľư忴㹻һԺʹáܵʩů յ豸þߡݡٻ¯ϵͳǽϱȣ

һжǵʱȽģԶ 125 ԪϡΪ˰װյ ȴѹȵ߲òڿһܴĵط

ΪʹĵҾз׷ 868 Ԫʩ ãδκη顣عͶ³ŵľ¹ʹȷ

Ҫԡһڳսпͷģʱƺ һսʱ1950  8  16 գίԱõͨ

֪˵ͳѾ׼ڰ׹Լ߲¥ĵһȡ һķʩһ̵ļƻĿǰɰ׹Ľʦƶ ??

һ䶯ζȵǽںĵֵĸͻ ȫǰϡնһ޺ˣ¥ϵ

ӽ깤ʱ䡣

ڰ׹Ķһͨڣſһ 4 Ӣĸţ ۾ߵĵطһСĲtһҷǷСƵڴ

ͳһЩԭӵϮѾ ն߽һСҪѵǵ·Ȼһ

΢һҪԡȥϵκηʡ

ϾװЩ 1951 ļʱնеÿ ׼òʹ

һӣһǽضѷŴԼ 70 žӷ ߡѧϴҺȲǹʹռҪиʱã

нһӸʳƷ⣻һͨѶ ģװߵԼǴ¥Ҿܲ

ȱһԡɽܾµĽֱϵĵ绰 ̨ͳõľס豸һ 810 Ӣߵľҡ4 ˫㴲

һ鼮

ڵһβι۷նʱǸ߶³ţԭӵϮʱЩ ʩʹ亦ȻЩʩȴܲסֱеĴ

ͬعͳĶԱ֪ܵԭӵϮ ³Ŵڼʱڰ׹ǽնҪ

ڡʿԭ򡱡

һΣһ״Աر˵ 25 ܡֻһܡ ԤҹķɻٱϿգ׹ļԱ

ķն³ȴûнȥ

ļ׹ʩĽȱԭƻҪöࣻڳ սԼȱʩȷʼӡ ɻԼ

250 ˣÿܹ 6 졣³һٵתתʱ ţƵ ¹Ƕ̧ͷһۻ

ΪĹ̡Ȱ׹Ҳʾ ꡣͳȥЩѲӵعԱ֮һ׿˹?˹

˵֮˹ٳΪ׹ΣֳΪ׹ ݵĹݳ

³е鶼þƾļҲ ֪ίԱΪõһְ취׼ȥƶϸ

¥ʩ滮ͼʱ̸ֵܾĸдһݼҪı ¼

¥ĵߡˮĹܵذָʩԼ 豸ȻƳͼǾԱҪģ׹ĻеʦҪά

ʩʱܷܺҵйصĶɰ׹һѾ ֪ʩô滮ĶΪҪš

ڵҡڷֺܾڰ׹ûȫ豸 滮̫ûеˣҪʹҪ ѣҲҪ

³һ¥ݵĽ˶°׹ƵҪ סҪ¥°Ķ࣬޵øӿ

ͳʽжнǰ¥ݵĴ󲿷ǿġ

ںöڣ³ųѺĹԱ˵Ϊһ ˱ѡһְҵĻѡũʷѧһʦ

˹һԾ˼ƻͼ 밮»?º޽˹¥һҿʼʱ

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30 һֱǰ׹һҪά¥ ⲢȰ׹ʷ˽ͬλѾȥͳ

ܵؽ̸1950 һлʩչһ д?˹ǰһ֦õ廨񰲵

³?ܿѷѽ飬⼸Ůл ³ƺѾ֪һʱֵֻڹ̽ȿʼͺʱ

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Ȼڴ󲿷ʱһú˳˴˶Է ĳܸ˿˫йͬļ⡣˹дܳı¼

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ίԱϲƺϵʱСµĵҵ޽ֲ ͬĿⷿ豸ʹá³ʲݵдУ³š

˹ڱмƣпһ¥ķΧ?? а̵İ칫ңңʣ⽫ڲ

ΣЩһʱǲܵõ޸ ġ

һ¥ķΧ³ ҷΧ깤Ӧࡣסլڰκ

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¥ڲй̽ӽ깤ʱ˰ĩеĹ ߡἰϿԼڴ¥棬Ӧ ĵط

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̫ˡ³

1951  8 £߹˰չ 2 ڣʹʩȸӻ ǸڵذϸľذĻҲɲһ

ΪҵӦθֻչˣҵЩ Ѿܴҹú

ŦԼġB?¶˾а˰׹ļҾ䱸װ޹ ʹ̴ۺܸߡ֪ŦԼڹȥڰ׹

ίԱְǿʼҪץסṩǵĿʱ³ д

˽⣬½ܵҵע⣬ κȨô??

Ҷ԰׹ڵļҾʩӦ÷õƵذ ǷŻԭʮָȤҼȻ 50 Ψһһλ޸

׹ȤͳҪȷ׵ ɡ

󣬹̱Ҫڰ¶˾β ˹?T?صָ½СǸʢǿˣͳ

һദǢҲں³ԽԽسʩֳ

³ŲϴߴҪӿʩȡҪ 1951 ʥǰһй Ҫɡϣְ֮ǰڰ׹پסһꡣµһ꿪ʼ

ذĻȻȼƻ涨ҪװʯװΰĹҲ δɡԡҸװδ˵ȻԼ 20 ṤͶ빤ȴ  3

¥˺ͷԱסѾ깤

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3  15 գŦԼʱ˵׹ĸĽ̡Լӱٶ š

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µǰƺ԰ʦѿĴƤ??

12 ֮3  27 ʱ򣬶³ڻΤ˹شһ ܺ󷵵ֻʢ٣ɷ˱˿ǰ׹ϦǴϵı

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ֵڻƻԵůϲ죬һ¥ÿڶҫŵƹ⡣ һǰƺϸոֵһȺʢĴӣϲĽһ ǡ

ڱ£׹ԱίԱĳԱһЩվ ſڵȺţһĻһȺߣӰʦż¼ƬӰ

ߡդеϼˣһ߹һ߸ߺӭ

κ?ķվſӭͳԼ?÷˹ӹ ͳ£ǰ׹ϿˣԴ??ͳ һֱ﹤

ͬǵıʼǱϲݲݼµ³Ŵ߽Ƥ ɹغɫʮֽȻʮָˡ뿪׹ 3  4 

ºͳطڰ׹סլ

ƻԻͣӳеĶˮ֦εɫ̺ ʯԲжƽܵľӡ⡣ľƵذ

Ĳһǽں컨ҲҫŹԡЧ ѣһжԭĲ࣬Ȼӹӿ 

뱴˿һ𣬶³Ѳһ¥ڰɫʻƽɫӳ װʯµı¯̨ΪίԱ

ϯԱձʾ⡣ԵһܺĴ٣ Զǽĵط½õǵʡɰԼ?ǵ Ƶ 18

͵ĳʡЩ⣬ûʲôҾߣľذ յˮ֦εƵӳһ㣬ƻԭλã״

ĴСԭ΢СһЩǽѷң ٺΪӼ⽻ʹڵĽӴȥԭ޲ǽͬ

˿ǽ棬ͬԭһİɫʯ¯ղķ˹?  1816 궨ġȻſڵϷһµͳӡ£ԭ

һӡ¿ĵذϣ³żҪƿΪϲ ǲ·

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Ļ͹ҲǺܺɫһйİɫʯ Ļʽ¯ܡ³رϲ¯ϵһСԼǽ ϵ 4

?޷?¶?˹ ?ѷĻ˹Լ??³

ܰ˵ǰ׹ֵǮһ

ȥɫΪͣɫľװΡ Ϳ˵ɫᣬ³Ϊһ֡ɰɫڱ¯̨

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ܺĿС Լ˿Ҫȥ˹ղμӾͻᣬ³

ֻһͣڹԱߵļͥͷǱ½ ĹɫĿ̻֦εƺһȾȫ»컨壬ԭ

컨صĸٴƹһ

˿ҿ˶͹³ صЩɰˡõ¥Ҳ??

϶ڷתתȥôۣôģһ ֵõ??޷Ϊ 5832 Ԫ³Ϊȫ

̣ܻỨǮһЩʱҲһЩȻ Ǽ˵ġʦ͹ʦǸ޺İ׹ʹ 500

ꡣϣܴﵽ 1000 ꡣ

4  22 ڶ׹¶Թڿţ5444 ˲ι˰׹5  3  磬³¾˵ԺԼĲι۴õĵ

ӽĿ3 Ҫ㲥Ŀ3 λĽĿ˳˵ Ǹױǹ㲥˾ֶ?ʿأ㲥˾Ĳɭ?

ʲȫ㲥˾ĸ?ߡ 3 ͳ ⡣3000 տһݵĲι۽ĿտĿĹ

ڡûо籾³ȴ״̬ɣţȤҳǻۡ

ŦԼʱĵۼҽܿ?Ŷд̩ȻȻ ԵЦԼֱһַͬ졢ʤƵ

ܡڶΪ֤ʵ˹̹ΤƸٵʣ³ŶԸ? ˵κθٵ

˵Īص 9 еĲ½ڣȻ󴩹ߵһܰ ˵ıƸԣվŵҲֵ˼Сڵ 

̸˰˹?˹ڶеĻ񣬶һ˵? ˹﹩հġ

ͳһȡ֮鱨ԴȪܿ?Ŷд ڲúͼҾʩṩ˴׹ǰסǵȤ

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3

൱һʱ³һֱڿǽӰ˵⣬ϣ Ϊμ 1952  11 ͳѡʱѡϵĵһ 1953

 1 ͳְԺڰ׹ְλԤϹ͵˽ѡ ѲμӾѡѵͳǰ޷ܵġһ

ߡͳ⽫ƻΪ֮һС

 1951 ĩƺѶ϶ѡˣ߼ĺ ʸġ߷ԺԺ׵?ɭǣɭл˵

εʱѾ̫ˡ³ 11 ٴγԣɭΤ˹أ

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ɭʱǹҵͷӢۣǷᾺѡͳȻǷǳ ȷƵģȻڰıԼ˾ıжϣ 顣

 11 µĵһܣɭԻʢڷʣλ³ ڲù͡ݱ³ٴҪṩȫ֧֣ɭ

ľѡ̸ 5 սеġ7 գɪ? ڡŦԼʱ¶Ϣ͸¶˵޿˵Դ

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ģʱڳĻ߷ԺԺɭԷԺһˡ ɭ˵ʱԶ³˵㲻ܽΪ˾ѡͼһ

ʲôԭʹΪأ֪ǹ͵ˣ ļҲһֱǹ͵ˡ

һ֮󣬶³ڻΤ˹طɭڰҲ ˱ʾϣڹ˽µĳ϶ˡ޿ڡŦԼʱͬ 

C?L?ȱһڰɷðɭ֮ص ңɪ?޿˹ڶ³ 1952 ṩѡʸıʵ

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Ϊ͵ĺѡ˲μӾѡҲһ?ѷɭ ΪɼԾܾȻʹ³ŸеʮֳԾǣɭɫ

һֱһƣȷʵܲ 2 ֮ 1953  9 ȥʱ 61 ꡣ

ʱ³ƺеΪѣԼĴҲ ̬ɴ 1951  12  18 ͨддɭп

װİˣ רҡʵ־ԼϲԤʿ

׷ 1952 꽫ʲô¡

 1948 ʱԼ 1951 ǹʱҶ˵ õ뷨ΪЧɡұ˵δ

ɵҾͻصȥһμӾѡԱ ŷ޵ĹҲ֪˭

Ҿͱѹ߶ڰ׹֮⡣ϣ֪ ֻ֮飬֪

Ҷжİġ

ɭҲͬļһһְݵŶԶ ³˵Ѷ϶Ҳȥ

飬ѷǿҵԸʱܲòΪεȷ· ɭ˵Ѱͳְλ⣬Ҹ˽⣬һᱻ

λĿ΢΢ģ³ԡ

ɭд 1952 Ԫ5 ֮󣬲Ա?? ڻʢɭѡͳ˶칫ҳڶ 1  7 

裬ɭ׼ܹ͵ĺѡ

һεļдϣ³űʼ԰ɭк ʱֻ˰ɭ˵ǡһȷʵ

ϲɭΪǵڶսͳΰ֮ һ??ȫ뵲ס·ΪҶҪȥ

ͺͳԼ??

԰ɭ֧־ۼʱ³ýƱ Ա˵ҺѹؿЩһѰ

չʾĽźŽ֤ͭĺġ

ɭпܱѡˣ³Ŷ϶ŵ ?ʷɭѡ?Ϳ̫ˣѾ 74 ꡣ ͳְ

3 ¾ͻҪ³Ϊ³ռ дǩԼҪ 5 ӵʱ䡣?

³ŶжǡЩ˵ܸɵġδѡ ְĻֵı϶ʹڷǳλãѵѡһ

ѡϵĻмһ·ͷͳ𣿡 Ա˹˹?άǸпܵѡˣ³űܵزϲ

Ҳڶ쵼˶ҲͬС³˽³ǡţ Ȳ

Ա֮£?ʷɭȽᣬ 51 ꡣнȡ ģһҪҵݵݳùĳƺţǸס

1948 ꣬ʷɭһβμӾѡκιְ˶ѹ 57 ѡƱ ŵݻʤ³¼̵ӡ󡣶³д

Ǵξ֤֪ʶԨҡͬ顱Σγ ְ˽⵽Ϊʵǵʽְܣ

߱η֪ʶ

³žȻתʷɭΪֵô޵ģΪȫ ΧʷɭϻĬĬŵģǸ³ȫͬ

ˡʷɭţҵ˹ٴѧһǰ;ʦ Ʊ磬ǣʱӣ³ûʲôͬ

֮뵱ʱĶҲͬ⣬³ǰʶ ǣ³Ŷʷɭݽ壬ϲĽҺ

ѧ˼롢̳еŲʷɭ游 λ?E?ʷɭһλԱ޷?

ͳ³ųдҡҰ׹ĺü

ֶʷɭҲȤϿҪ Ʒʡ

³ûκιĨǵὨĽڣҪλݳ 1952  1  22 ڶ̸һСʱڲ

Ƨĵطʷɭһ·̸ʱһ߹վ ĵطȻδ˵

³źϸ̸ʱ˵ʷɭ꾡̸˵ ͳְ⣬ȻҪеһ˵ֻҪԴ˱ʾͬ⣬

ˡʷɭõ³ŵľͬ³ں ıʼдҸҲپѡͳҵĿǣλ

õѡ

˵??ңʾҪ 1 ·ݾе ѡˡҲò˵κͳܿ

ĵĴᡣȻҾٳܿѷ˹¶?˹ ѷ?˹Լұ 1948 ڷѳǵӡ

ʢѡԼ?ǵ˹Լô֮ǰ ѷͬķѡѷѷѡ??Ҹ

ԸҶʹѡˡȻ £ôеǣ˵ûĸ ܾġ

ʷɭ˵ˡ³ж˵ȻǾ ˡ³žܾĻᡣ

ʷɭһλ˵ʷɭ뿪ʱ˶Զ³ŵ Ľ֮顣ʱ³¯Զʥ

³žܱĵȶһʷɭ ̵ӡ󣨿?߶˵һӵо޴

ˡʷɭ˴ʱڲѣԶ³ŵĳš ȽƵƷʸܺ

ʷɭղķ˹?˹¶³˵ʷɭܹ ɭˣʱ͵ܿѡɭͳѡˡ³˵

ɭǸĳˣǣȱξ飬Ȼᱻ ƣӶƻ³ŵ⽻ƻʹһռݰ

Ҫġʷɭʮּظ˹٣ͳϣӵ» ?ɭаȳ

ʷɭһ?Ͽȥá ³Ҳ˵˵һľԹϵ

ܵͳҸɵû̫ôɣһܹ Թ˸Ĺʲô

ʷɭǾܾ˶³ŵҪⲻΪ ŵݵݳ̫϶ڻʢٻһ͵Թ

ʲô¡˽֪ȨʱǷ̫ˡң ǵ³ıҾأΪΪ³žѡĺѡ˱

Ȼһ¡ʷɭ?ɭѡΪ͵ ͳѡˣûܹ

3  4 գ³źʷɭڲٴλһӦʷ ɭ

˵ѾѡŵݳΣ ³дΪΥóŵҶĹ

ʾ??һˡѡ֮ǰ ̸¸жáҲʮǫ顣ƺΪе

ˣ⵱Ȼʵ??˵ֻҲܻκһ ֣ѡɭ׻κˣ

ҵӺŮһСʱǰҲ˵ͬĻҵ׸ô أʱʱһ֪ģΪȫܵϵۻָ ҵġ

ü³ŶԴٴξѡǰⲻ档һЩ ԱȷѸı⣬ҿܽĺѡݡ

3  11 գ˹˹?άºʲݵĳѡȡþ˵ʤ ߱ȫݸطѡ˵̱ñӣǴ

ڷܷ̫١³ȻԼֱѡ ھѡжΪѡࡰƭ֡ˣ

άѡͳս׵ȡʤ

ڲþеһС˽ͻϣ³ļλ ܵĹʣεϯ?ᣬϯǶ

μӾѡǷӦóΪһԼĺѡأ˵þ ܵĻشǡ

³ŵΤ˹ȥˣ 3  22 մ绰?Ҫ ǰȥڶ죬С׹Ļ԰¶ͳ

˵ϣپѡ³ʾ˳ѡܶԳս Ӱ졣»ش˵սķչѳΪˡ

3  23 ͬһ죬һʷɭڹԺְʱ¹ дά?Ͱµİ׹Աڶ³Ų֪¸ʷɭ

дһšУʷɭ¿⣬ҪΪ˶ ³ţ

κһܹ˶Ǳƫ ģΪӦõõҪõĶ

Ͷ뵽ȥһУԹԼķʽ ΪǴЩ飬ҾҪλϣ

ĹӦҲЩ ܡűҸ˶ĸĶ

ŵ飬Ǳ֧ǲ֧

ôǾǲԴ̸ۺΪ֮ܶ 飬ҲֹͣԴ??

3  29 ڹҾе˽ѷһܿѷ磬ÿ Ҫһ͵ľɫᣬÿ˾ 100

Ԫɵõһݷݷ˹?ѷڸ;ɷǷ Ϊ³ͽĽп͸¶ǰλ

һȻϼ̬˵ܡѷ ˵ͳ˵һξѡΪʱ磬

෴ľֻʹμ˴ʧ

³ųڽ̳ϣȥƤɹغɫΪһ϶ ӡһĸսԵĽʵع˹͵һά

Լ³Ű׼õĽһߣʼش⣺

ҽٴβμӾѡĺѡˡΪҷʱѾã Ϊ׿гЧĺͳʵġҽٴҲΪ ׹ٴ 4

ꡣ

ⷬû۵¼ǸɰͰ͵ؽģڳڶ ڼڰﲢеһƬãȻһֵĻ

ϳԶƣ˸ߺСЩϣ̨ Ҳô1948 ͼֹ³űСɪ?ʩ

ҷԼڴؽкСȻҾҵΪʲôҪ СΪǼһֱֵ顣ˣ

СĽкƺǶͳ߹¸ҵĿԼһӦе ۡ

³Ѹٵ뿪ֳǻ˻֣΢ЦţȻԵö еţȻһеһȫͬı顣?ֶ

ͳ㷢ʱ³ŷ˿ڳ鵽 4 šA ʱıһ

ͳ͵һ˻ص׹ʱվſڵȺļԱ ˡ

֮ٿһμдϣǷƻѡ Աش˵ԹԱ˵³ŷ˲ϣ

ɡǷͬʷɭúѡδۡ

ʷɭ˹ַƶдţ

ǳȷ֮ұˡֻ жϣȷģȻʱһֱϣ

ܻһֽұˣҲ Ŭҵл⡣ϣ㲻ΪҶҵ ҵ޶ԡ

³дŻظ˵߶ȵءʷɭšǰ Ҫһˣᡰ˹ͳ 1938 ƶĲҽ߾ȫ

Թ᳹Ķ??ҲһλеĹʹ

ֶߵʵֵͳΪûһ߾Ͳһ ߡϵϣ㲻ʹԼȫ⡱

ɫǣʷɭ򽻵ʲôۣ³ Ըһԡ

4

޽?дͳΰ 4 ļ֤˾ ľȱˣд

4  3 գ³Ž˾˼ְ񡣼 ˼ƺһֱ谭Ŷ³Թ𸯰Ϊеĵ顣³

ŸеԼˡˡ 1952  1 °ѡ鹤 ˼˶ͼڸָأΪ˼

ǰȫίԱϯ˼ʱŦԼһλ ʦ͵Ŧ?Ī˹ΪίԱĸˡĪ˹

ü˼ҵ˹ᡣĪ˹һݳĸӵ ҪԱڸԱдоǵĲƲ

Դ˼ŭ˵ݵַ˽ȨΥ˸Ȩ ˼ܾдݵ³ڿһݸñҲ϶Ӧ ַ

³Ŷ˼ϡ޷ڵóɫеϲ ˼ҸΪ¸ʲôͷĵط˵

Ƿıȷʵ˸еɥ4  3 գ˼ ѽŦ?Ī˹ְ񣬶ȻΪǶ³Ҫɵ£

ʱ³žͳ˼ְ

翨?˹дģĽ֣Ŭ ѻΪӰٻʼնֵú⣬

ŵһˣݣֻǿ˵ʢٵĻҡԶֻ ͵ֻעĻ³Ŷһиеɥ

ġ¼βֻδᣬû˼д ˵֪Ҷĺøû˶ıֺʱ

һɺܴʹࡣ

ʱ³ű˵绰͵籨ҵİչ˳Լһȫ Χڵĸҵչв¶Щӽ˺ټĹ

ƣ͵̬Ͼϲơһ糿ڿ깤 Ա󣬵?ս˹һճļʱ³

ݻҸоôʱ˵ɡϣȷʵ̫ƣ ˡǰһڰ׹˯ˣǰδй

顣ƺְ;ǰδйķʽѹˣ ٲμӾѡľٵͳǰʹܵһЩˡ

޽?ռд

˼Ҳһֱչɽ취ĳͣս̸У 绰ҵİչԼٲμӾѡľЩ¼һֱ

ĸ鴢??ȰϢһĩԼ ˣ˵Ϊ˹ͧغӶǸ

??ǣ˵뿪ΪҪμӽѷ ľ׻Ȧʽ찡ʲôڰ³ŷе˵ 

4  8 ڶؼһԼճ̾е͵壬 ΪҪ¼ڡ

9  45 	Ӽ M?C?ֶ绰

10 	Ա

10  30  11 ӼԤֳ׵?ͶСʱ

11  15 

11  30  Ӽÿ˹ݹԱ?ɭ4  9 ն ȥÿ˹ݣڴ֮ǰͳ

11  45  ӼݹԱĦ?ĪܿҪȥ ݣټ12 	Ӽפʹ

˼˼?

4  7 ա9 ڱУͨԺͳ

12  15  Ӽ׵?ϣϣǳΤ˹ ˾ܲú˾⡪绰

12  30  Ӽÿл

1 	߷Ժ緹ٴ绰ͳ

ͳ 12  45 뿪׹

3 	Ӽ͹ϻԼɪ?绰 

3  15  ӼݲԱ?M?绰 

3  30  ӼũЭϯղķ˹?ڱУ Ż

3  45  ӼױרԱ J??Ĵǳʡ

绰

4 		ӼݲԱ˹?ϣ绰 

7  50  ͳ뿪׹ȥϯʾᷢչȫ Фķٰͻᡪ롰 4 ƻйصĻ 顣ͳ 9

 45 ַ

ûаԤФķɹ Ϊڰ׹ͨ㲥̨͵̨ȫ Ҫӹܸ

ͳ󵨡ľ֮һ һΣڳս⡣սԶ³

ڶͶӰٲĹΧ֮ڡڹ ǿ˵һǳʱڣұҪڳʵʿ??

Ҫ͵ҩ??ңһǴѡ꣬ ȫںͶƻУϣ͹

ݶ³ĶʷжϣȷԼжΪͳ ˾ȨΧ֮ڵġָڹҴڽ״̬£ֿ

ͳֹȨ߷Ժְķ?ڹȥ ˾ʱͳ飬԰չʱͳӵСеġȨ

ֹҾ̱

³ŵķɹǶ֧Ĺ۵㣬׵?ɭҲζ֧ Լ?ʩεºۣλ߷ԺԺʾεؽ

ͳԷΪɲȡжͽӹܸȻΥ ֮ķֹڵʱΪʣΪӹܸ

ҵȻܵԺķѣɭ˺пȨһ ְ񡣵ǳҳϣɭǷǳĵĽ顣

·ɨˣ³ŶʼСĽطԽӹܸʩε˵ ͳȨֹĹԱ֤˵

ҵΣѾáսҪʹ£ ߼¼ҲӡȻ͵ҵ˲ͬǣ ˵Ĺ

1950 δӹ1951  11 ڲҵϻ һֵӵ 65 ˵ϸ˹ϯ?Ĭ쵼

ÿСʱ 35 ֵҪʷ̸ܾС֪ͨ˵

12  31 ĺͬʱаչ12  22 ն³Űһύ ȶȥΪάͬѰչƳ 4 

8 ա ڵȡᣬȶÿСʱ 26 ֵĽ 飬ܿʾͬ⣬˾ȴ鲻ܰÿ

ֵļ۸һߵ 12 Ԫ

̸мţȴԽָա 4 ڵٽ Ž籨˵šȼü֮Զ³˵

ӹʵĽƺǡƽġǱһչֱ İ취ⳡչʹҴڽ״̬һΣؼ볯

ĺͼǿŷޱԼҪĵҩһ³Ϊ Ҫġ

άأ³źдǿ˵κ ͣʹǺܶʱͣھƻС

ͶǿȵĹҵƶȡеķաָ еսȡڶǹҵʩĳá

̸ʵʱ˵ԵҩǾ ӵסսߵġ˵κΣ սԱ

³žܾʵСѡݸ÷оһ ƽĽ취֮ǰ 80 ڽֹ˰չ³Ϊ

ΪټӽûģôҶ֪ ࡣ߸ѾԸ˽ 3 £ù

ûб仯¼ô 80 ǲƽġһ ϲĺ͹ǱӵķɵָҲûκġ

ڴʹ³ŲȡжԸҵͷĻ Ժְڼ˼ŭرЩ˾ԭеĲ

ΣԸ˴ͬ顣Ϊ˾߼۸ ֱͺĲȡΪ࣬˾Ϊ׵Щ

˾ͼǿʵһЭսķͨ صƻսķáҿ˾̬ƺǴģ

Ϊڼִйƻ£ֺ͸Ʒˡ ʱ߼۸ζڹȡǮ

Ȼ³ųϸ۸нƵһ㣨4.5 Ԫǿ̵ģ ִؾܾ˾޷ƵҪ󣬲ԼĹԱ־

˹?ѷѷΪ˾һҪǺϷġ ѷְˡǶ³Ÿеź̬ת䣬˶ ķ顣

Զ³˵ӹܸʱֶΡ4  8 ڶڹ ԤҪչǰСʱȡжǩ˵ 10340 

ʵ˾ʵǿйرչ³

10  30 ͨߵȫʱ˵

ͼõرġŻݵĴ??ȻԸͣ ֹķʽﵽĿġΪͳҵȷְ

ֹ??ҹʱֽӹܸ??

㲥֮ڻ·ϣ³ſʮƣ룬?Ф ΪҪˡ

ͳڵһΣʣһʱ³ź Щָֻ 1946 괺ʱǸӣʱְһ֮

·չͼѰչ顣

ȫشԼ 88 Ҹ棬1952  4  9 糿һп ͬһ๤ϰ࣬ڼСϰĻԭ

ĹˣĻԭĹԱΨһؿüı仯־ǹ ϿնƮ졣ڻʢ٣񲿳˹?ҮѾе

ԸҵĺϷָȨ

Ƕ³һΣһܷΣ 1946  ·һʱͬչĻڵ

̷ģ伤ҵĳ̶Ȳڽ˰ɪְ ǽϣաͽͷˡ4  9 ȡжͬһ

죬ᱨжʱڵɽرʱ ǿ˵ǼԸȡһжģӪȫ

ϲģϣϹȨߣ ΪһֽʩͨһʹܹӪµķɡ

˵ҲǡǳϺҪġǣᲢԸ Ȩ෴еȴɹеҪ󣬶еҪ

ڵظ˾ĸ˿˹?¶һι㲥˵ ͳġΪʷϻûʱܿܿ

籨Զ³Ⱥ֮ܿ˵³ ¶˵ĸ֣ʹԼܲðŦԼʱǴ

ݡǲ˼Ļ⡱µġʢʱԤӹ жܻΪһλͳȡרж֮һ

ʷᡣʱ˵³Ѿصش۶˹Ȩһ ƶУûбصðΪˡܷû

κĿɱؿǸ˾ҲΪǿҹ һսһȨ

һμдϣʶ³ţеȨܽӹ ǷҲܽӹֽܱ͹㲥̨أ

Ƶ£ͳòȡʲôԹ ³ػشʹƲȷʵӹֽܱʵ

δֹͷҲ޷ᷢ顣ҵΪջƲ ߡڵķٴά?A?˶ܿȷӹܸ

Ϸģ߷Ժƽһӡ

˶ 4500 ֵļ˵Ϊǳ׼Ҫİչ ȫµĺԹڲ𺦣С˾ϵӵس

ԼƵͳȨЩݵһ𺦡

³Ŷ˶ļĹԱ˵?? Ȼ޷⣬ΪʲôᱻжΪġ񲿳Ү¶˵

߷ԺҲоĻеر𾪡ʧͷ ա

һιԱ糿Ὺ֮޽?ڼ¼дͳ ʮѹ֣

ңδ˳Ĭżƺ ƤЦһЦЦüΪݣ沿Ͼ??

Ȼҵĥгʵһ ǰ;δĴѸеƣˡ

³Ÿ߼ߣȻҪӷԺĲþûҪΪһ ߵҰġֻʹҼչȥ

˾绤ʦԼ?w?ά˹߷ԺͥΪһ ͳİӽб⡣һͷ׷Ĵά˹ 1924 ʱͳ

ѡˣܸ˿?֥ά˹׿ʦ ԺΪ 100 ӱ绤ͳ绤˾³

һλܳġʦܸؽһӡ

6  2 һ߷Ժ 6 Ʊ 3 ƱѹͳжΥ ܷռһ?L?ˣ˹ٷ

˹˸ء޲?H?ܿѷķ?O?˹Լ ʹ³żΪŭķ?ˡ

ٲ򾲶ֻоŶҹܷƶȵ

ϣǲΪװ˾Ϊ˷ֹ͹ֹͣռ˽ ˲ƲϵȨǹߵĶǹҾµֵĹ 

ٵ˹һݱʾͬд죬һλĵ ͳʹýӹȨʵֹʵʹ¯Ȼһλ

ͳҲʹͬȨֹʵԼԱҵ ΪܵνӹжĹϽŰعϽ͹

߷ԺԺͳǿ֧֣˵ͳжȫ ְΧ֮ڵģɵз˹̹?F?ºл

?١ɭ˵κʸͳְλϵ˶Ӧܡ زȡǶԹҵ˵Ҫִظʱ

жԸ˾ռвʱʵģǴڹ׼񡱣 ߡڸ˹ǻعԭΪ棬ҲǺ ʵġ

ڶ³˵һζʧܣѺͻ龫 ߷Ժɿġ?һλġ ʿ 9

ٲǶ³ľ˹ġķ? ɷһʹ³Ŷһֱһ³ŸĬ

?˵Եÿ˹ݵĻ쵰ɵϡ߷Ժ ͳȻ仰չ۲쵽

ʱĸ

ΪԸһֱʾ?ͳͷǵ ɽǳϯںӶƯļоٰᡣ?O?

˹˵Ὺʼʱ³ȻܿȴԵáЩꡱ ںһЩʿɾƲ˼Ƭ˾ת˵

Ҳ̫ںķɣģʿɾ̫ˡ ߷Ժ 6  2 о֮ʼĸҵİչ 7 ֮

ãһֱе 1952 ļڣΪʷʱʧĸ ҵչչɵ͹ʷʧʷǰģ 

2100 ֣ʷʧΪ 4 Ԫ 60 Լ 140 

йزҵûлɡƻ 1952 ľ 13 ޲?ά˵ûĸжԹͣһ

ҹ˼ĺͱԵǣǶԼɵġ

İ취ҪÿСʱ 21 ֣۸ÿ 52 Ԫ뼸ǰÿָּ 45 ԪһΪ

˵ 70 ֡

ڰչļ³ŶԹΪеա ܾȡκαжֻҪʹáѡ

ӶԼþȫǷ Ƿʹѡǻܴ۵ġ

ĹԱ˵߷Ժ͹Ǳ

ùЩŪɡ ³Ÿейǣڹɽֻôٵ֧

ҡʵûʲôΪĶԮܶɧ

˵ҲɥʧһȨܶкô Դӵͳְ³ŵһβˡ缸ǰ½ֶ

?ҽԺ 3 ¥רŵͳ׷ԱͳҪҽ ʱʹáǣײȴδʹùһΡ³Ŵδо ֱ 7

 16 յ糿ʱе岻ʿ? ׶ķڷա֮ڸ׶ķ֮Ϊ΢ĸȾ

ֶ?ҽԺҽԺ 3 죬ڴڼԼ 8 ͬ רΪ˼顣Էܺã˯Ҳܺãǩ 200 

ĹԱ˵ʱ ȫϷʱҪݡŴӷݽ

³˵ʱ˽ôᷢҵȣ ҲΪҷġ벻̸һҪ̸۽

ԼôԴ

7  21 طԲΰ칫ҵĵһ糿ɫȥȻЩ ԰ͳ?ФԸ˵İչЩʲô³˵

֪

һַչڵ״˾ǷС ģǽӹܹȻǷ͹ģҲǷҵġ

3 ֮7  24 գ³ټƶ?ĬԼ˾ܾ ?Ѷ˹İ칫ȥҪҳ취õˡ

Ӧ¸Ѹٻָչһݼ̵ʽ ˵

ڶ죬ȥ֥Ӹμڽŵȫᡣ

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һġչ־ʷѧҺ?˹ٶ? һƪ˵д³ͨĴʩһȡ˼

ǲϵġ˫ĳɾ͵۵㲻뵱ʱп ͻҸ־ı༭ҲԴرʾԼĲͬ

д޷֪ʷԴˣ³ŵʲô ǿһ൱õĲ²⡣

һƷǶǵļ¼¼һ ָΪԹ塰˱г𼪶

֮κ쵼˶ƹ壻һָΪ ƽӹƶһԶؽļƻһǴ

Ϊ˽ҵΪе˳˽ҵٷչΰ ʱڵ쵼ˣһǴΪˡΪ˽

һһεչ˽

عЩԼڹ㲥ϵĸ˵ Ƕԡ³ž񡱵Ŀõ˸ơΪƵؽһжʱ

Ĭ桢Ȼ졣Զд ˵ʣһϣڸԱۼһŴ

˵ʡÿһҳҪͣǵϸ

ڳľʱ 1951  6 µǸйص գδӶǷʢٵġڷص;УɻԽ

ƽ̹أʱ⡣޽?Ƚѡƽ ̹ءΪĵƽ̹ءöЩ³Żش˵

ҷԽŵϲӡڰݼЩģ ܡǱʵ޻ġƽ̹ء˵

칫ǽϵĻȡˡ칫ϵС衢Լ ˽Ʒɾˡװõгеذڷ¥һЩ

Ṥݽзˢ³ѼƻҪͳͼݡ400 װ˽˺ͳְڼĸĸļѱװݡ

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Ƿסڻʢ٣³˵롣кνļƻ ˵ڻûС

еһμ 324 μдϣ˻ ʱܵ˴Լ 300 ҵĹơдţд

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ȷû˱ʹЭ ǿҪǿɵԸ;ġ

ҽйЩΰĹ֮ Уѷֵ¶ûбֳĳŵͼᶨж 

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?ˡ·˹?Լѷ?º͵ѡԱԼ ?F?ԼһЩǰѡļߺһû

ͳһ˽˲ɷá³ŸߡŦԼʱļ? άޣʱһڵһսӷؼʱйĸ

֪һʲôǰ;

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ÿҼʱ³ƽһ ǰȥĸεеˡȻŵ

Σÿ˵ճ̰šļӵ ַաıʹýٵķ

ǰ;ıĪԼʷĲþһжû 

дͳ;ϵġָšʵϣ ³ 68 뿪׹ʱĽ״ 1945 ׹ʱĻҪãҲ Դ

1909 ¶?˹ 50 ʱ뿪׹κһλ뿪׹ʱ ͳá

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һƪûиĻĲྯ˵ȴǺüˣ³ õ״̬˵ԤսʱñȵʱĻ

رüҪʱ˼⣬ܵ˵˵ ʷһ?γ¸ֵȫ仯ԼԴٽ

׹֪˹ȥǸȻòݵĽɫ һλɵĸ˵ڴ֮ǰ˽˵Ը

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³Ļʼ˵ڶɭľ ְΪͳͳκ󲻾ãҾҪ˻𳵷ؼݵĶ

ǡҾҪٴγΪΰ󹲺͹һͨǧӦ ??

4 ǰھְ˵ǿص⣬Ĺ۵ȥ Χ硣ڻعͳڵʱȻץס

ͬ⡣˵ͳĵһǺ һǰ˵¹˵Ͷ𼪶˹ڲ̹

Ļ̸һԭӵīɳĮıըʹԭӵ ձս˵ģЩ鶼 4 ¶һʱ

ڡ˵Ļȴû˵ʷûһλ ͳôݵʱٹôش⣬߷ֱôѸٵ

˼ûж׼ôشľ˵һ ͳְе󲿷־һͳߣ Ĺ

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ԣɴ԰µͽݿ˹工˵ĽӹܡһǾס˿顱 ȻûִսļµǱʧȥơǱ

ʮҪ顣Ǻʱƽ⡣

һǰ³ȥĹĶԺϯ Ϸġ˵̫ƽİп˵ϣһ

Ⱥ˱ը飬ѽԭܷչһ׶Ρⱻ ȷΪⵯʱѾλ 1945 ԭӵͳ

1953 һ¼ԪʼʱΣ¼Ԫƻʹ㵺ͳϿ Ģμ穡ͬᱨ

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Եʱǧ˵ƺǾ˵طӳõıԡ ԺսʱĶƪ

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øǿ󡢸ŽᡢĻߵ ʱҵŵͼܵʱʱճ緢

仯ʱ̾ͱؽûȷ˵ֱ仯ںʱȷ ηɸǹڵ鷳𣬻ɿķ ֹڲı䶯

ܹͳǷԸظıǵߣ Ǳ仯ĳķʽ֡ҶŲɣ 仯ؽ

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е˵罫лῴƶƽͳľ޴Ȩ ʱǶôļƽ??˵عְӣеһڣ

л֧֡

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ƪ˵ʵǶ³Ŷεʽܵ˸ ˵˵ͳְڼʵһΣճúܼǿ

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ĸ˵ʾһˣǿԹ˵ ȴûʲôΪеˣϣ˺ϲ

ϵּ֧Լ𣬶˶Ҳ ѡԼ˻ֶǶ

ΪƢʱ鲻áһ˵ 飬ķ˺Ůܵձ𾴺Ͱȫ

뿪׹ʱûиʲôԹĻζ

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ͳ 20 θְĵһλ͵ˣְʽеú˳ 

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ȻǶ˵ءһش󡱣ϣһͳܵأ ɭܾ뵽׹ʱ³Ÿоܵ衣

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תϡ Сʱ󣬶³һյĽγӹʻζأ

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ǰ߹ʢپͼװ˾ְƽ ᣬλũӢ 1783 Ȩ1953 ꣬³ŵְλԶԶ

һ֮ȴԸ˵ʱʷܸĳ˵Ĵ󲿷Ȩ ռ˵ͼ֪ʱҲ֪Ȩ

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ۡһһ۾Ҹ¼бСкλƶ ³ŵкһѵԣ˵㳤ͳ ΣҲŲ

8 ʱ䡣ʣµİ뱲ʲôأ³ øֱʴ󵨶ݲݵػһʣã

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 7 ҿʼɢ괺һռͷ һǰϴˢ棬µøûùƵġԤ˵

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³öд¼ˣԴǰֺܾ¡֮ʹ áɢ顱¸ͬдⱾ顣

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շ̡Լˣǲֺ˿˵һֱ Ͷͣ·һҲǰֵͣǶôס³

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Ůߺй˿Ͷ߹ֲͬǩ

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ĳʱͣشǲǶ³ŲԱ

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ǣñطֵƵͬǴкˡ µӿ»ſʱ³ųӳһ

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ʢʱ˵ֵļеһѧй ᡢͳͳսʱ³˵޿ɷ棬޿ɷ棬޿ɷ 档

ѡڸԱԱ͹Աﲻǰ

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⡰õʱ⡱һֱһܣΪͱ˿̶ŦԼ

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ͱ˿һԼݳԶСǳξ𳵡 ɻִ

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ðɭͣЭ鷢ʱֻǼҪ˵ս ˣϣҶӺܻܿؼҡڹ͹˭³δۡ

ȻĺγɾδȡõĳɹһδϵĹ Ȼ˿ظеߣȴ˼Ĭս

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Ȱæ?ϣʹά?ŵ˹˶ڰ׹³ ݽ׫ˣԶ³ŵҳϼݡϣһλֵ

ߣѾһԶ³Ŵ͵ӰΪͳ ֲҪȡԶ³ŵۺռǡŵ˹ڼݴ¹

ҵСڴμ 1948 ľѡӡԷ ϯɭ䵽Ī˹Ƶǳ˶Ƕ³ŵҪ

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ȥԶ³Ŷɵ಻⡣ϵֱۣһѷֽ ϷͿѻһʡ

˹ˣĲ±һĪ?˹ѧȡ˰ £໰ʻٶȷŵøһʹ³

Űѻش˵ȫ꾡Ŵηصͬһ⣬ǹԭӵġ ³Ŷ˹巳

1954 ־ı༭?ɭŦԼ塣 ³Ӧ 1955  6  30 ս 30 ֡ʵ 35

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 1945  1952 ׹ͨŵľװ 50 ֻͽǷ 11 ׼䡢³ŵİ칫ң¥ϣ

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롣³ų˵ǰ㡰ʿɵ H2O

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ѷͷһǽϰڷ鼮ӳе㾰ºͿ˹ Զɽ۵סĳԱʶʱ³ϸš

ÿһζҪ׿Ϻ幹Ǽ¼µ˵ļ䣬 ʹǸԴɫʡ˹һƪΪǶ³ŵ׽ˡ

׷˵±ЩǷ׼ȷʵֻɱõ˵е СɫдĹԽ϶̡

أϰ?ѷԼ?˹ε¡׽³ ԱԼ׹ĸɫԱ׷ǰ˹ǲμᡣ

λһ𸰰칫ҹ˴ʱָֻյģʽ ظ¥Ƕӵĵƹͨ 5 컹δʱ

ˡãһʻСġ˹ʱڣ ˨ų»ȵ̨װѱֽӵʰ

7 ٶȴӴųñӣִһȡ ߳դתٽϣȷκ㿪ʼСʱĲС

ĴеͽֵдĻ¼ֶ άǷŵݣ˻ŵá

ƹֵĽֽǳǷҶ֣Զ㳡ķҵ ڴ˴·һѧУ˿ĺשϻã

һͷɫ۾ƯġĻ¼д λڹ㳡ϵĿֶӻ̶ǺնȲ鱦꣬ȥ

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֪ԭΪ˼ΪһĹ׼ϲʶ ˣ˵˵ݻ汲ΪԼļĸиˡ

ϷҶ֣ճȥͼ˼䣬ֱֳ ش֡ĳռǼһϵĻ

пǶشֵĺ̵ƣһи?A? ŵȵСӣԳԼ?˹ɪŮ˼ӣ

ʹ˹ɪҡõϻ˼֮һ

ڻʢ·ͷֱΪݵĲԱ ʢ٣ԼһֱǣѡͷĿǸ

˲ˡ˵׼䡣Ҹʱˣ Ը˴һԱᡣԼǸʦ Һֱ

˹ɪһ˼гϢˣ˹̨ ķڶٶ߶ȡҸ뿪˹ɪŮһ

·ͣ£ˣ߹סҵ˵϶ ˡһοǺǰˡϳ

ˣ˵׺үү֣һ˵ ˵ܲһ漣

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ӢĶλ游ũׯ 3 ӢĵطƤ мӺŮеıҴеıС?Ƥȱ

Ҵ꣬ʱҪһλάƯǵĻ סҵλǿĴӡ 4 

ӡʱ󣬲ת۾Ͱ׷Բԣɲ˸п ֡

³ŵĸ״ӲͷԶհδ³ʱԼ ԴȪ׫д¼ڹϵ֮

ʹ³ű廳˫ס

ÿ춼任ͬ·ߣ޹ؽҪô߶ͬص ȥʱ֮Сλںӱֶ·֮ʱסķӻڣ

վϿ˹մֵǶϷҲû٣ 1890  12 ° ʱҸϿ˹սһӣӢĶ??

ֻһ½漰ڵʼһֱ 1919 ӷ ʱΪֹιΨܽûκξʲģҲ

Լġ

1892 죬޸?ܱ?ɭٴεѡ1888 ͻܹɭʤʹҸϲ⡣һƥҿ

μ˻УùСװ㷿Ӷ˶ǵķꡣ һֻƯĶƽ𹫼

һڰ׹ʱһ־߶Զ³˵Ǹʧ ӵѡΪͳôǸء

ӼȥİСʱʱԼ 7  1 ̣άҮ?Ӷ ⳵żңӱŽȥ׼͡³ 7  30 ִŷң8 

1 ٴγţǴӺȳһֻƹİ ǰһϴؼҵĲָ塣򳵿⣬Сذɫ浹ϳ

Ȼ³·ʻȥ˹ǵǰ𣬷굽 峿ұµʱķ羰

ѳͣ칫һһͣϡȸһ ԪͣѣȻȥд¥߽һñк

ݵĿ?ֿ˵⡣8  45 ڰ칫ԡ

һֱдҵĻ¼Ŀƪ¡³ 1954  1  28 ڰ칫 дŶԵϰ?ѷ˵ͼ̽Ϊôʹ˼ѡ

ҾʹԼ 1945  4  12 յ졣Ķ дĸסáܵܺͱõšҶ𼪶˹֮

Լ˹ֺ˹֮ĵ籨Ҷ˴ 1944  6   4  12 ǰ׹ı¼Ҷ˰ˡ𼪶

³ͿƵ¶?ն飻ս˹ʷ͡ʹ ϰ?ѷı¼Ъɭ𡢲׵ı

棻ºޡˡŶ˹ ʹд顣࣬ҾȻû??

㿴ȥһֱҸȤΪá

9 ǰĺûᷳҪ ȶ԰³?Լѷղķ˹?ѷɪ

?B?˹Ȥڷĺ߶ ءĲ˹ͷնԼ һ

ϣνʱûдҺҵĴϣǼ дд·ʮˡ˹???

ʥ˽죬³ٴдŸѷ˵˼ʷ ĹϵǵĲ䱾δѧͷΪ

͵·涼ԭʱĺߡܸô

ҲǵӱúЩ˵Ȼֻһּ

裨û͸¶Ҫ޵ͷ 쵽˶Ŀı䣬ܹ衣յȫ

һѩƬƵģ 200 Ҳҵһҹ ȥ??

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·͵ΪƷʱ˵еһǶ³ŲμӲ ̹ʱġһ˵޲ɼΪ̹ʱٿ

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Ϊעʷʵԣ˵ڿ죬ӦΪ 32 ͳ

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ǶĬĬŵڽ˳ʾͣϲ³ Ϊ̸ֹͨڼӣδʧС˵ֱʣǶ

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춼Լ˵סĵط?³Ÿһսǣǧ ˡ

ܱȫ˵ѺúͿͬʱҲö³ܵмľٴǻ 㳡Աһ԰ΪͼݡΪ˶ϲ֡ڶ

Զڸά˵ö࣬ͨҲ㡣˹帥԰Ǹ 13 ӢĶԲ 꾲ף羰ˣ 24 Ÿٹ·ϡռиάũ

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ҪһＯ 100 򡣡ƻٶ𾪡 ػ˵

³ų˵һ˻ 70 ꣬ʱǽġȻ 1954 괺

70 ʱڹܷһꡣ5  28 ж԰ѷ ˵ÿ칤 17

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Ҷĸеǡʧȥһѣ׹ δɵĺǰѱԼ֯һ㣬ǵ

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ͳҩͬѰĹΣ״̬ǶĲ 鼫Ϊעֱ˵³źдҵ 

5  10 صĿأûɱ

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114 ȣҽԺȴûװյˣ³ԹԡԺ ҪĲװյֻܾķ?

˹ָپܾҹشı˿Ҫʱ³ŲŰԺ ͬװϿյ

Ҵӱֽϵ֪˻Եʱѷд ߸׶ķҽôõġԭǿֽģֽ˶

ӲëҵʹԴڴ??

³ڼ䣬ѷȥһ?ķʷ˹ġԵ ɡǴξԵĽ

ϸʺ¬λѫϤͻ뵽Ƕʶĳλ ѷ˵ָ˰ɪ

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7  6 գ³ҽԺĲĵ˵ҪһŬ ʹͼɡһҽԺĴžͶڹ֮ С

?ɭ 11 ´ŦԼֻ¼ġزġѳ裬 ָҪȴԶתǰͳ飬ϣɡ־

֮һŷ˹?ɫͼӹ³ûӦд Ŷɭ˵ĿǰҪĲǷ֯ϣʵ??

Ա㽫ҵͳд׼ȷһ֮ǰϣ Ҫɹ??

ĳ 3  4 Ժ£³һλḻ ˡ˹?ռǵ˴ӹѧ˲ٶ

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7 죬³˵ƴ³԰ѷ˵ ն޸ĺԤϵҪõöࡣȻȻǰͳ

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ڵ£ֹһл?ҡ

һҳ湫˾ڡ־ػ¼ʱͬʱ顣 ܱ?ܿҲμ˼úɫ³Żϰ?

ѷķ?ɭȫ塣ѷΪɹ

дԼͱԼĹ۵ʱϾر ҺȤ˭˰׹³ίԱĻ

ԵøɱӳԸ񣨰ѷһƪĳ 

114 ҳ 3 СһϵĻԺĻ ǡϣ仰ĳɡԺˡΪԭ

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Ϊ˲ дӶ԰ѷòдֻĺüҳϸ

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³ÿؼ̽Ӻ·ָľǣж Ҳߡܿ˶䵱ʱ¼дʱ˵뱴

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1955 ָﵽ 200 򣬶ͬ˵ֻ 30 ּɡ ̣ͬ 58

֣дٶȻˡϣŵ˹ ʱòʱڿ˹ǽмΡ

Ӵָ壬湫˾¼Ϊʶ

1955 ϰ㼯оһֻ˶³ͳͷһ  4 £һͯԼ˹ȥǰġ

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ΪȥûǰڶסҾǼ

 219 Ҳûס޿ˡ

5  8 ն³ 72 죬 2000 ˾ۼ˹帥԰ ֶӵİ£ĹʽΪͼݵ˵һ

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ÿһλˡ

6  24 ն³ų˻ɽɽμϹ 10   14000 Ӣߵĸ߶ʱŻɽʱ

游?ڷѶطʱѵʱĸд ռ

 7 ңl1 ͷԽɽ游Լ賿 4 ӴڵĸάСʱߵ ߽ 10 

12 Ӣĵطһεȵ ͳԵɽ㣬գ۵ĹɻκϿ ??

д޵ѹսƽд¥İ칫ӳ˹ ʱ䡣6 ĩļһЩдӳԱҹҹս

1955  7  4 գ³ڿ˹򰣵?ɭ 50 ֵ ָ塣ʱ˵ȥûджôѡ

ĵһ֧Ʊ 11 Ԫͬʱյȡ 60 Ԫʣ 5 Ʊһʸ 1960  1 ǰŸ塣

¼صĵһΪҪ 18 족ڡ ־ 9  25 һϣϻһǰͳ͵һվǶǼ

ſڵƬĵһΪ֮꡷5 ܺҲʽ ʱ 1955  11  2

գ湫˾ΪĳհͺշĴ ٰһǩۻᡣ

³ŴΪǩ̴ϲҵû ̵֦ 175 Ԫһ֦ĸֱʺ֦ǰеĸֱʡ

루Ϊֱʣ档³д澭Ѷ?ֶ ˵ҿԲμΪٰκжΪֱʡ

ĶͷҾܾ

ֶǰִ￰˹Ϊţ˵춼 ³šҪμһأ𼫴ǡֶ  D

ϱͯӾ뵽ˣȷȻ Ƕġۻỹûʼ 300 ˡ

ڶϱֽıǡһֱ Ŀû뵽ôˡ³ſȺͣ

ÿСʱӿʱ˵ǩʱֶˣһӾǩ 6  8 顣Ѱ˵ĻһһСʱһСʱǩһ

ǩһǺѡƣǩƯˡʱʱ ˵ǩݳȥ

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ż࣬³ų̹¶ļȥֻϵܵŮ ߰ѷʱдȫΪ˵õţ⻰

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кֽϣپıʻ 50 ǰӸάд˿?ʿıʼ ޶

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ҲôҰѴ͸¶СúС塣Զ δɵȥɼĸĸǲˣ

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˶𧣬ףصաһǰڶͬһ ͬΪصġ?µӡ൱

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һԶĶĲԸǺҪأҸҵ ǵðձȻɹ

˵ŮǵΪ︸׵ĵλҷŮڻ һţҲˡ˼ҵŮ

ȷظʹάǵȵսٽ 飬δǾͰ°ˡ֮ĸǸ档

˭Ҳǰְŵģ׾ĺӣ 棬ܽشߡΨһİοһƿþƣ ƻô

 1956  4  21 ڶɽֵСһʥþУ Ǳ˿?ʿ͹?³ 1919

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ӢĶأȴλнĿһġԶ ³˵ζһϮƲսᣬʹ³ŵе

ԭǳ˸УҲԸ̬ҪԴũ 屳ʵԭر⡪ȻԺԼ˵һ

ݵũ񡣡٣ũ򣡡ķ?ײڵ绰ʺ֪ ôˡ

ҿ϶ԸЩϵط֡˹ǱԮĻ ˵

Ҳ˵زĳ۶Զ³šάά?򣬶ζ ղϵİȫȻʽ״ıˣҲ֤ʵ

ϵ۷ʲôضǿָĲƸϾŶ ³һģȨϵ

ݽ˼еŲǸάũ

1958  1 £ʽյǶ٣Ĺɷж ٣ö֪һԺ 1959  8  14

յһȫ ֧ͳƵʾܹ 20854807 ԪⲢ ӵеծծԼһЩƱ

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Դһְҵңɭ 25

˰ʱɭдþʱ׹˸Ԥڣ ɭİ׹ܾ롣³ڡ¼ϵĿ֧

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Լ 37 Ԫ

ܹҵܵܡúҴĸ̳һЩƲ ĻʵҽΪȼöֻڳЩƲҲûڲ 뾽

ˣҪݽҪǹΪһ λǰͳӦõӦܹ֧Ҫ칫üͨ ֧Լ

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ǰЩ鶼ź˵ˣΪ˸ȷʵ ࣬ȴòƲƺǺֵġҾãΪ

˹ʾ޴Ŀ֧һƺӦɹ

ڲ?īƵİ£۱ύײ鳤ͲԺ ֵ?Լѷ 1958 ͨһɣеǰͳṩ

25 Ԫݽ͹ӡ칫صķãԼͨŵȨ ܳһʱڶ³뿪׹֮ǰϰ?ѷһֱ

ĵذȥ³ѧ顣³ŽΪҮ³ѧĲ鲼о ԱɴˣҲôѧҪβѧͽʦ

ǰʹ³Ÿˡڶ԰ѷءԼ еҮ³ҵάغ޽?Щ˵ء

ǳҮ³ѧҲΪҮ³³˵ϣϵ ƴѧе˵ǣǰѷҪҮ³

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ѷҮ³ŵĳԱʼŴ£һдΪ³ Ķ˹?G?ڵУѷṩһݶλͳ

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ԼͬţֻҪԸһ Щǣδǿյġ

ԴѧǷǳ档͡ǡҲ ӦҪȥ˵ѹ̫Ҳ

ר˵ҪĲ˵Ļˣ ͿԴﵽ໥??ö³³

ġʵĽӴΪһݣǽսΪ һҲѳΪһѧƵġۺͿѧĽʦ

ΪһܹǵĴѧǱʶκ ĸйֵĸоˣʹø

ֵ׼ĳַʽǵĻ

ʵϣ³ֱ 1958 괺ȥ³Ƕͣ 3 죬 ѧͽְԱмһ䶯һʱǸ

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ʱ⡣һ˵Ү³Ҷ߻죬Ƕȹ˶ô õһʱⰡ

ڣ˹̶Ҫ飬ÿ¶жٸݽ롣ڼ ȥҲݹһλ˵ôҪĸˣʹ Ҳеˡ

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ߡ־ļԼ?˹˵˲ȷʵ һ˹дһƪΪҸӡ¡Զ³

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822 žֲϸߺģͳҿҪӶעˡ ˹дҪɾ͡ǡеģ

ʱʷռһϯ֮?? 74 ĸϣĲõ

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ġ䡷˺󲻾ãͱ˿ٴγŷ ȥģһθΪܺͰУķͶ?ɭ

ͬ߱˷ϲ

 1958 ѡУ³һλص˹ȥĹ켣ϣ

20 ͬзԼ 25 ݽڶڸױǴѧݽʱ ԼһߡϽʬȻæµĽ׶ϣô Ծ

?˹˵³ڻñľΪŦ Լʱ־дйλչ 75 ǰͳУ˹

һλ˹еѵĻ˵еԼ⣬Ϊ ҲõûرЩ??

˹дҷɫҴͼǵõ ͬĳ΢Ц۾Լͬ֡Խ

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ϰ?ѷΪ³ŵǡһ ޿Ƶĺĵ??һʷû

Ʋֵ??ֻУ??Ȥ

ף˵Ļ̫ˡ³Ÿ˵ضһλ صļ˵˵Ҿ˵ܣҲ

ߣ˵ȴӲ֪˵Щʲô

߿ҵͼݡġ֡ߵ ߲߱ͣʱͣȥӭߵ壬ر

ѧʱͼݵľʵղصͳļֱ 1959  5 ² ߿ţȴԲιĲݲ֡Ƭ͸ͳ

չӰߵ뵽?ɳ͵Ƕ鱦Ķ̽һ һСúһƵԲΰ칫ңԭ͵ĹģС

һЩȴڰ׹ʱһ

Ϊһܿͳİ칫Ǹʲôӵ طǿǶôΰһ칫Ұ˭ʲôʱ

칫Ҷһ䡱ͻ˵ ˵طͻֻΪ˵һضͳģ˵

ܱҪͳɾ͵Ȼȷʵʹǳ⡣ Ȱİ칫ңһڷ鼮װͨһ˽СԺͻ

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ʱǳ˵ģ³ͼ˸ȤչĿ

Ƕ³űˡ Ǻϰࡣʱ峿ڹԱ֮ǰ˰칫

ǰԽӵ绰ߴ绰ͼݵĿʱ䣬ǻشһ ⣬˵֪Ĵ𰸣ΪͼݡǸ˱ ˡ

Լʱ֣ȥ 822 žֲĻͻؼҳ緹˿˽ ˵ûмһɳΣͻǳˡ

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ͼݸĿꡣһλڼʱҪòе ƻ֯ǰ׹ִά?Ͱ˵ͼݵȫŬ

ľ³ṩһأҸ ϲͼм䣬ĴͨŽ˵˵ĻԸ

??ܹʽ˵Լְҵ

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ʱ³çǴδƢȴαֵ ֱ??д??

ά?ͰºҵԱΤ?޸˵˶³Ӧ ҪĴаһڻܹԾ?ܹʹ߽

ʱһʵʷͰº͸޸˵ Ļ˹??٣ͬ游׽λ

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Ūķ?¸˹ء⣬Ҳϲٵķ񡣶³ſٵ һСˡͻƷ˵游游

ǿǡֳ

ȻͰº͸޸ȴһλţö³ź л֮ᷢô๲֮ͬǻ໥ϲġ

ԴֱִԴĶֱԲ䣬˶ҳ ³һҲϲ 1889 Сŷ

ФҲպŨķΧгġĸι Ա1957 괺³Ͱº͸޸һȥ˹аݷڻе

١ϣ˺ܿͳ˿ɿѡһͬ 1958 ǩˣ ıڻ³ȻԸȥٵĹ˾Ա

еԺһΣڱٵ£Ͻּȥ һǡ

һ³뱾İ칫ҺȾʱİ칫óһƿ Ծ˵˵ϲΪǶ³ƺ

һַʽ

ٻ˵һλͳʾΪ?ûʲô õΪʲôΪǱʾÿ͵һͨж

ڹ?³ŵһȨζ??

֡ʽø̶ʱҪȵڶ³ ȴܾˡķ㻹Ҫ㲻ܺȵڶΪЩҪ

Ҳȥðκա

дʵϣڳˣ㱣ҡҲȷʵ ˡ

ڻۺȷġ³ΪӦй ѷ·˹ǵĹ򣬲رֽѷԶ˵޷

ԶôܻʲôĶأ³˵ٽ ڻӦֶսصӦĿȷ

ٺһλ˵ʼʱΪͳҲҪڻ УȻؾܾ⡣

ٵõķ 6 Ԫʱ䡣ڻ 1961 ɣȡΪĿûκ鱾ʷض¼

ҲûκοȷݵĴͨԵᴩ ľ޴żӵӡڰˡĲߡˡ

ߣλֳ߼ūĳֵġķɫ ޡ˼ȫһ־Ĳͼ·ӵɲ

֣ϵͷ 1840 Ķ㳡ʱ³ŵ游 յ³Ϊڻˡ߽ͼʱ

ٲվڻǰֵʷݡϲ ˵ķ?ǡĻҡ

ÿ굽ͼѳ 15 ʹǳ˷ܡ1960  5 £˵ڶӣһк?ʿ?

ͬʱһСһϸ д翴ļΪ³ŵ޵к˹ӵе

ܿ׫дġرϲɺ˹֧ͳⱾ顣 ˵ûκܱǰĵ˵

簬ѷ۵ģ³һʷоûоɥǿ ҵرʾϲġԪϡʡ˵һ

ͱһμҡڵصһ ߡѳһ׼˽¸߰ѷ˵Ҹϲһ

Ͳӻһƥӵ

Ϊ 5  8 ף 75 գȫίԱһȫ ԵףһȺǲõĵת߰?ʷ

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ֵ̳ڵϣ󲿷תŦԼֶһ˹ ǷΪ³žеÿλ 100 Ԫһ͵Ͻеġǰ

ʢ˵ĿлûҪֵ֧ 1960 ѡˣֻ뿴 һܻʤˣȫ֧֡ô룿ǴҴ

ڼ𣿡

1959  10 £?ЪȥԶ³˵һϵи˴ еһҲصĴܵѺʹǰĹٷе

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꣬ Ͻȥ 1959  7 ¡֪ЪҪȥϢ󣬶³Ŵ绰

ڱݵЪˣ˵˷ɻȥҪ Ϊλϲˡ³дŸѷ˵ڵ绰д

ʱ䶼ڿ

һ˵κһλͳй λһ˺𣿡

ڸ÷СΪЪеһӵ ϣ³źͰɭǰͬһλϣͬı˲ֵ

֮ĽŹϵ

һμھӹȨڰɭݺ? ɳΪ͵ĿѡʤĻƺָڲμ

ѡЩУ³ֵ֧˹ͼ?ٺֵ?Լѷ ˶ûʲôʤĻᡣ³žܾʷɭеγ

ԡԼ?F?ҲģΪ̫ᡢ鲻㡣 ҪһͽǷֻ̣Ƿʧܡǵ÷

ڰ?ʷ˹ϵ飬ΪһͽܵѡҲ Ϊͬ?ˣһǳϲ

ĸסأ?ѻ 400 ԪΪӹ

Ա˼˵ҵĵĲλ̻ʡǹӢ Уǹһ롰̻ʡһע

1960  1 £ڶ³ŶԻʢٵһηڼ䣬Լ? ס»Ķ³šݿϱ˶Դ˴λļ¼ش

³ϣлᵽǲ˽ȫʵ֮ ǰҪκκѡ˵֧֡ڴϣγɽ֣

Ͻʱ³άŽиԤڴ֮ǰ ԤѡȻչǷǳҪģ˵³ŶԿϺһλ

Ҫľݲ?ʾʺ򣬲ڻʱ߿ϣ ˺顣

˿?³Žɷ֮⡣ػ˵ ԸôԸְ߰˵ 76 ȥ

μһδᣬǷˡһԼȥһۡ ̬ȡȻԼ?˹ɪһ³żǵô峿ɢ

ʱԼŮһλԸˡԸ˵Լ䡪³ Ҳ롰һʹԼᡱ

ʱеˡڻʢٹɽһҹһĲԱ ֽӵ˵绰Ա˵һٲԱĳ;˽˵

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³Ŵĵ绰ǰͳ

4 ·ݣѷдŸ߶³ţǵĳѡС ӡĻôܻ䵽ʷɭͷϡҲԸ˵Ҳ

Ψһܵѡ˹ͼأ֧ҷǳȡóɹ ƺץסᡣҲǶӦøܿһѡᣬʹΪ

Ǯ߸ȷ˵ΪǵǮԵʡ

5 ·ݣڿݶݲ?һķ ҵʤȣ³Źʾٵ

֧֣ɡʸΪͳڱʵԿкʱ ³˵ʲôҲûСһܺõˣʶҲϲ

Ψһǣסݡ

ѷԽԽ³Żһϣ˵ЩǶԿ ϡһȨɳ˺ĻΪ³һֱڱ

ʹ˸еպʧĹ۵㣬رЩ֪Ƕô޳ɷǰƽ ȵǡ³żͬȨ˶ʹõľͽķ

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Ȩ˶ܵ˹˵Ĺ

6  27 գ˺ʵѰѷдһ൱ȷ Ҫͬ⼸δеľġ

顱һǷż֤˰ѷΪһʵĽܳ ͼֵ֤֮߱

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Ŵٽ˵ǵĵԱǿԽԽ Ž緢ܷǲӦýĻһЭ 飿

ӻ˵ǿԡҲӦ˵ǵĺѡˡ ĺҵġһ߱Ӳ𼪶һΰϵ¡

ʥ˵úԭаȴȷʵڵĿŵġȻ ЩȴûˣҲٵ˻ԭ¡

ЩȻΪ࣬ǹͬ˺˺ ǿҵĸ˹۵ȥģԹͬҵĹġҿ Ӧ顱嵥£һ

1ѡ ˣ

aӦ˵еκ˲߱ͳʸ

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bҪ˵㲻޳ǡô룬ûȥ ЩɶƵģܳΪһֶԹɿ 

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3⽻ߣ

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֣ʹЩ֪ʲô˿һ ߡ

ˣֻ 4 µʱı绤ʿȥ ɡ

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ڸУ³д֪Ƕôлĵ绰 żһᾡл??ҿһѺһ ֵˡ

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δᡣ߼˵ͶƱ󣬳ܿʼ֡ ܳϯᡣڸʢʱϰķ˰˿?Ү

Уд׼ȥɼܽǿսҲǱ ߣһֱҪսһ??

ʵϣ³ŵĹĹϣŵ˹ɼ ϼѽһ⡣ϷˡΪ

й£κشı仯Щƫ̻˵ ϡǶشҪ˵κιڴ˴δܵݡ֮Ļ

㽫 11 ·ݵʧָܶܵ𡪡ʧܵǰ ϶

ǣ³šŭʹࡪ˵ﻰ7  2 գڶ ³ͼݾеһϷԵͨתļдϣ³һ

ֿ϶ἤŭ˵ķʽҹϣ۲۵˰ ѷشҪ顣Ϊһϯ

ᣬΪϵѾݡͷֱӶ ˵Աܿ϶Ϊ˳ֵ׼ Ϊ

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Ѹٶƽ͵˴𸴡˵Ҫľѡְλ

14 ľȻǾ鲻ĻôͻųһȺͳ ѷ˹Ͷ³š

˶Զ³±ʾӭ֮󣬰ѷдŸ˵

ļдᣬҶ˵ɵЩе Ȼ˵ЩԭȸҴ˵ЩҪЩ

˻ƺǲɱģֵ˵еĻǽ ջءҲȷʵջˡ

ֵǽ㣬Ϊһʻ ȥ弯е·ϣעҪΪһ͸ࡪ

ܵĻİ?ͿΪТԺеһ ӪߣҲ޷һضƺ

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ֵ޳ɵˡ?? ˣⳡ״̬??ϣϵԻ

ʴȵչ˺ǡǺ??

³ٴ 1956 ׼飬һ8  2 գ ϴӺ˹ݷʱ˵׼æ˽˵

Ʋˡ ³ŰԼľɥͷŭòһߡһд

ѷУ˵ɼ顰ɥ˼㡱 ǿϻɵѡǰܰҶеʹģ

ȥǸģѡˡҴѡλ ΪѵѡǲѡġǿԴ Эˡ

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󣬶³дŸķ?ɭ˵ɥ⺢ѧ ϣ

˽³ŵ˶еȣ³ֲ˾ѡ˶϶֪

1960 һɵľŬˣΪ֤ļֵ ȫͶ롣

ѷдȻͶ˾ѡǧһɺ԰ľˡ ³ųɻ𳵡У߱ 9 ݣ 13 ݽ

Смдᡢ֡֡΢ЦǺһͶƱ

ִ˲ƣһ˯ִά?˹е ָʾ˵緹С˯ǾԱҪģκ¶ȡ

ֻȺӵķǿʼʱȷʵ ƣ

ͬѺõĬ΢Ц䣨˹ռд Ȼĳ̶ֳʹգΪ

̸һ⡣Щһһ Ӧ𾯾ľ棬ǵļƻУҪκλʹ

³ĴͼᡣϾ 76 ˡ

11  21 գ³дŸѷ˵ѡ˶ˣһ λͽͳ

ҿһĸ޹ؽҪֻҪ

ֺ֧ͱܷ?? ǵͳڣͲ鷳֪

ôϣһᣬԱص׹ȥа?˴һñ

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11 £³ŷ򸾺Լ?Ϊ׹Ϊӭ³ ŶеһΰϵĹڰ׹һҹ϶

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едϣϷ򸾰Ƚ?˹رݵĶ³ϲ ĿĪغФĸᣬ˹ڲ̹Ϊ³

һαݡ˹ϯλǰͳǼܴ͵˹̹Τϵ һʱ³ӦˣԳһеϲõɫ

4

ʱƣɵʹʼĮ³űˣһ һǰĵֺ߻ָꡪ?ʿ??

ա³?Ƥѷ?ķλʢʱ ۼȥ˹йۿ?˹һֻᣬȥʶ

³ͼݡķ˵Զ³һΡİݷá³ ŻһСʱ̸ιͼݡķǰ³˵

ȥҶԼ˰ɪЦϣ㲻Ҫ ⡣

ڵϵֻϣķλ³ŷ򸾵λ һͨ߹ȥкʱ򣬶³תԱ˿˵Ҹ

˵?ķҵİ칫˰ɡ

ݳ󣬶³ŵ̨ȥ?˹Ȼڳ ͣǵȥǣԵü˷˵֪ ǵң

ٻ佻ֻʣ 3 ˣɭ˰ɪ ?ɡ޵Ǹˡ? 1957  48 ʱھҵ

ƾж

1961  11 £ڵÿ˹ݲԼķеķ?ײϣ2000 վڼ˵ĽĺУ³ϺͰɭһ

3 ˶ǰͬһλϣ³źͰɭȫ ڵȷԪϣλ

ͳߡԶ³˵仳ײһ ʹǣЪһҲڷչ밬ɭ

ͽһȹ̵Ĳۡ

8 ³һֱϣɭĳʱΪѯݷ еһ񣬾³ղ?Ȼ

ȴδ񣬿Ҳûʹ³Ÿеʧд

ŸڱΪѯõİѷ˵ס ȴûСϣҲˡ

峿ɢԼţһλ飬һ ĸߴ󡢽ʵĶǵľ٣?˹¡нɸó

֧һļڶ³ԡ

ҪȤֲ䡪鼮ͼݡ밬ѷͨš ļͥ?Ϊһüˡ

Ԥƽ⡣˵ǵĹڼȴ κˡ

ӹԣһֱȰΪҲΪǰͳ ڹҳΪͳ˽£ǵһ

ӳҳΪүүܣԸʲôҲС ְ֡Ƕеڣһһ

˵ǲġҾܵضʹá ĳƺ

1961 ģ³ſʼͶΪйͳƵһϵƬ ⲿƬڰ׹Ϊġ¼Ͷ

³ͼһһڽȫر˵Ŭ ˵ҶԺȤⲿƬɴά?˹º

˾Ϲ˾ƻߺܵġ֯ߡĬ? գǡǰߺһС˵ңѡִƻ

Ϊһ㡰дĻ𻨡ΪΪλǰͳ ๲֮ͬҲɳҲһ۾ᰮĺӣ

껳йٵ롣ⲿɵĵƬҪҲ Ӱģһݱ¼༭ɵΪʵĻ

УԶ³ⲿ 12 Ժų档

зζǣ䱳ϲ³ţ ԼʶġɳڰЪǿܼջ

˵ΪûһλͳҪЩ룬 һλͳҪĳ־еʽĶ??

Ȼ˵ȴ

һλǡʶˡ һλĸסһλĸף

һλǢദĸ??ô˾ ??ôܲϲһġع

ľֹˡιðסùô ô??е޾Ҳȷʹе

һҴδеֱȻû һĳɷ֡

Ͷ³һվãܸеĳǶһ

??Ϊ ָɵⲿϵƬƬ˵޲??ɪֶ³Ż

öִһ糿ʱɪΪ³źȵĲԾƿܳ ҽ涨

³һֱ˵һԱ죬㰲 ڿ˹˼½˾ܲıѧԺ³ҪһȺѡ

ľһ۳⡣ÿһ˶ϣ³ֳ ѱ֣ġȻıȴ͸ˡ޲?ɪ˵

³ű֪˵ıκãȻ֪ʵЧΡǰ һԱ??õġ

պͰɪһ¼˺ܶСʱջ˼졪ɷ ³šĹ£ǾٵȪӿЩ£Ĭ?

ոе³űЩЭ׫д¼˸ˡΪЩˣ ŵ˹ϣҪͲǵر ӡ

³žʵزһָ˵ȤĹ¡Ҳп 鹹ʹջ˺տ?Ҷ?µۣ

Ҫʵ顣Ҳб˵飬ܵʵ Ķ

³˹ȥ¡ܿ˾еҰͻ;ʱμǵ˵ ǿ˹У˵ġĿߣǰһù

ˡҲڿ˹п?ղ˹? ͣһװСܲĴһӻ͡ǶС

ܲĨŻͳԣһСܲȫԹˡ

ʵɳУǷͬտ?Ҷͬ ķ?Ү³ŴƣûУҲˣҳɳУ

һŮк˵۾ʹһӱù¶ òΪҪõһжܶģ˸

߸ǸͶ??رСģЩ Ѿ˵˳ưԡ

̸⡣Ǵ˺һ𣬷 ͲΪ졣̸˸?˹Щط

ʹȷġ 1944 ֥Ӹ 飬˵ڱ?ɸİ칫˹ͨ껰µ绰ʱ

ĸо˰칫˵˵Щʲôʱֱ飨 Լ 5 ӣԿЩһǵǶĵ

˼㡱 1944 꾺ѡڼ䣬вҪ?ϴ ʿȡٷĴӳȥ龰ʱһֱ

˹ԺҲûм;ղҪ ʹ£Ϊͳһеĺӡ

һֹ߾Ϊܹȥˡߴδ κ顣?׶ķ˵δ٣ɶ³ȴš

ǫ˵ǼҪġйһλվķԱܾ ķ?͵Ĺ£³ŶԴ˼޳ɡŽ

ѵһ˳ܻ ˵͹ΰ˶ǾˡΰģȻ

ϲ?˹ĸ ̳ĴŴĺ沿ѣΪ˾ţ

˶³Ű칫еǽ˵ܴ

ڽ̨ݽһЩҲиȾͨ̿ Цһֺ졢ϵҲǢգ³Ȼ ǳϲá

˼ЩĳνеüΪ˳޲? ɪŦԼһرɹ˵Ļش𡰻ָϸϵķḻ

йȫȨжΣǶ³Ҫ һΣ˵øáʱһζ³ŶͳǷǰ

ʱͬʾ˹עʵǷȷʵҪΪ ̸۳ʱȴ໥̸ҵҿ

ǿɾһ鷳

պͰɪƺͽջ˵ĵһ ӡǡҵģһϣʵϣ³Ѿʼ

½״еáЩһڰ׹ˣ ЩڶǺͿ˹ʶ˿ǰԲͬ

ˡжȨҲеѡڻشʱ ԸһٵӲĻشһ˵ƤǿЧڽУ

αʵͬ⣬Ҳͷչһ׼˵Ĵ ֳɵĴ𰸸áʱش

ԼȥݽһЩʱ򣬲ڽ˵Ȧ ʹñȹȥԡڱǳ΢Ц졢

ľֹͬʱֳĶĳЩ˺͵ʱĳĸҲ ǰˡʱ֣䲻ϲ˳

񡱡ڱʵΪǷһ̽յʱش˵Ҳ ᣬ޷ΪʲôҪ

˽żص˵ϰȥƺûʶԼ ˵Щʲôһ˵ǵһû䡣

˵ĦŽͽǶЩرڷܵˡǣ еؾɵȴôǿҵسǡ³˵ҡ

ͬԭĳЩ˺һڹͬһԳԷ˵ ƫ

ԲĹծ͡ǵ˲ʾǡ ǿҵطڵӶʹķϵЩҲϲ

ðƷ㲥͵ȴЩμðƷ

񿴵бƬķݡơվӵĳ ɡЦֿɱǣ͹·еİ֮

Щ仯񣬴糿òͣ׽ǰԺЩ ơƼֽ

˰ɪӲϵķŭƺ̫ˡĬ?ջ˵

кö㶼˵ι֪Ѿ˶ۡЩ

ʤ˯ɡ ԰ɭ޷˵ֵĻ һ棬ΪƺͰɭһˡ³Ŷ

ĲҰܸеر𾪣ѷҲˡ ѷдŸ³˵ڿϵİ׹УһֲҵĶԡ

ȫע

һµ㡣ʹǿԼǿ⡣ ôտסλֵļٵƽֱһ

ȫ˽Ӳסĺ÷ҳԾػ״ľ жôңԶҲǵйκһͣһ

ϵľˡʹ˶ԶԵˡкӰ졣

³Ŵ˵дҵʿһʲôʿ Ļ

һУ߰ѷסǹҵԻᣬ 鲻㣬ϣڴϣΪɣ

ڿϵĽ׼ٰһÿλ 1000 Ԫһ ͵Ϣ󣬶³ˡߵ·ʱǾȫ ˴Сд

d ͷˡϣ Щ쵼λϵİǼȥա

˾޲?ϣ˵ֻǲϲǸӣ ԶҲϲ1960  5 £?͵©˰ʼ

̡³ſ޹ģһſΪ ͵ɱƷһ飬֧

Ϸá1961  3 £дŸ?ϣش⿵ ʱͳֻǴ˵о⡣5 ·ݣ

³ٴдţṩ˸ϸıϣٴα֤˵ ע⡣Ǵ˺ûģ 1962 ŭĶ³ͨ

дױʸλ˾дһţ

ԭȵи?ܵ ŰõⲢָȫȨҴδ

˵ҲǣΪõ Ա֮һŰܵĴʹˡԣ

Цң?ԹȷĶ ȫ⡣

1962  11 £ͳ⣬³Ҳͳȥ ĸлš

˿ϥֲĹؽԽԽأ鷿λһ 顣ΪԵģȴϮܰͽᣬʿ?׶ķΪ

һ鷿г

³Ҳһֱʹĥ 1963  1 ±ͽҽԺһ

ΪһΡС׸ʵϣ͵ ˵һصҪܳʱԪ

һֱϲӱˡڰ׹Ĳ֮ҹӱķ Բΰ칫а˾Ÿӱ۵ȥҪ

׼ʱʱΪ˺׷ߡдŸѷ˵λ ϸһֱ׷ңҲòرԴڶ³ŷ

һ֮󡣡˿ 3 ܵܣˡκ͸׵? ʿʱȥˡ

 79 ϣһһȥμǵеĴ  79 ꡪʱе֣ǷǸųͷ

û׷㡣³ 1963  5 £չ󲻾õһд

Լ?F?ϵʹڸش հͺշ緹ʱ˿ǹϢֱڻؼ·

ϵԳŵ֪Ѿ

дְֱ֮ȵ ˡƽһ޷Լߡ

׼ʢʱ³źڴ߳? ˹صѯʱдҽӵԼѷͳһ绰ң

Ϊһܷɻʹǰһϵֱǰ áǶһȥ׹ݷÿϷˡ

ҷ˵򶨺Ϳƣҿ ۾¶ıʹ˵ɷͳ̸

ңҶͼͬ⣻ҷԼ ˵

һιͳĿظ ˵ⳡڹͷϵıԣļͥ

رͳܵⳡԴԣǺ ġ

˿һֱβͬСغͿŦԼ סڲеĶ³Ŵһ𡣼׺Խˣ

͸ˡһλҽչ³˳ӵ¥ص 䣬ڴò͡ǣڶ죬ֲгϯĹߵĵʽ

֮밬ɭͬһص˲áڲ ǰ̸˴ԼһСʱȻ󣬰ɭڸ˹

У³ɻ

ϱ緢󣬹ͨһȨعǰͳ ǣһ֧عСֶӵ˶ǡǣһعԱݷö³

ļҡԱҽܡλͳҪԼı?Τ ˹ʱ³Ŷ˵ôҾͲҪ㣬ԣ ȥ

³ŷ򸾶ϣعٻصǵСд˵ ĸ׵ķӦǸոҪڰ׹ס 4 Ƶġ˿Ҳܾ

عزϡǣԼѷͳһԴ绰 ñ˿عıӦñָ³ŷ򸾲ͬˡ˺ǽ

عı֮£?Τ˹ǰͳ ߡ

1964  5 £³ 80 ٳףڶǡ˹кͻʢ һڡڶǾһ޴ף磬հͺշ

־һ5  8 ڻʢ٣ԡ͵ͳľμ ף֮˻ӦԲԺ˵ǰ

һλϣϴһõ廨 27 λԱ ĳ̣аڲԺְһֱҪõ

ѡ͵?Ϻ?˹жһʷԵʱ ̣Ժ״һǰɵһ¹ǰͳԻáԺ

Ȩ³ŶԴ˸ܼʱ˵

ǳлǡ˵ؼڶܺܺõ ¹ұش֮һ

Ƕһ޶ġǰδйĶǺԼ ֮䣬¹ʹһ棬Ϊһ Ĺ

Աӵʱ˵ǿףи ֵգҾбҸһˡ

5 º1964  10  13 գ³ڱ 219 Ž¥

ԡʱżϡˣͷϴϣ۾ײˣƬ صػּۡԡף۶߹ǡ

־Ȼѣȴá

챻ˣһȻͽҽԺ󣬻ʿ?׶ ķ˵Ļߵˡܴĺת״ǳ⡱

ܶ³Ųñ»صջָĳЩȥճ ҲûдεȫָؿʼᣬҲ

ˣں۾Ƭ˫۾ɱԵúܴ?˵

ȫǰǸӡǰһֱԲҾܺá յȴܱҡôݡǰյôá

?Τ˹µ峿ɢżҲ һϻõʦ˹?÷飬߾סڶ³Žֶ桪

÷ٻ˵Ĳÿ궼ԭҪһ³ȴ־ Ŭɢÿ÷նϵһþ޴Ǹó

עĿЩһãʱ³ŻϰԵس˵Щ һλ÷٣ͳǿ˵Щʲô˵

һ¡ ͱ˿˶ǹͼݵĹ̶ˡ?Τ˹¿

һµǳɫġ˹աǣ³ǰ棬˿ ں档ͼݣͽȥʱһͼ顣

밬ѷͨȻţѷźϸԱö³˽Լ

ѷͳڵΪ֪³˽Щ³ ǿżҿڵԽԽ١

1965 ģάά?³ 79 ȥ³дŸѷ˵

ȥζһشʧص?˹Ҳȥˣ ³ųϯ˵

1965  7  30 գԼѷͳǣڶ³ͼе ³ŵǩµҽչ˷ʱ"""-Q'i's'u'u'.'C'o'm"һƪ˵Իʢٵ˶Զ

³ӱֳˡľȡȻ ̸ΪͼƵļ滮

Լѷߣһȣ 20 ǰΪ ṩҽչ˵ķǩɷɡ

³Ÿͳ˵ʹҳһǳǳҸˡ ?ŵȥˣķ?¸˹Ҳȥˡڶ³˽

źУѼķ?¸˹ַ֮һ1958 ꣬ڶһ λصѡ˵ͬϣ֮һЩ⣬ʹ

ΪԷǵꡣһɱҵĽ֣ڼķ? ¸˹ؾ방֢ĳڲ 1966 괺ȥ󣬶³ųϯ

֪ԼеһƪѾˣȴȫϣ

ϯһɲ֡λϻʦ˹?÷ ٺһڶǵһĶеĹߵ 

Щǣȥʱ ͨҲҪе 2 ·ݣûмǴĻ

䡢Ҳ㣬һѩܶࡣǴ㵽йĹȥһ ȥԼĵط??ǶԱûκ

??û̧׵ˡ룬ǵõȵֽϣģǸ Լʱ䣬һҪʲô??ɫġ˹ա

ˣϳ֪Ƕ³ĳع Ա߳ţվǵλϣ³ľ

ˣΪ˸ѩڿз裬Ȼ ??˵ͳΪʲô

أҲܲáʶλ𣿡ش˵

ʦҴӲһλѡһʱ޻˵ ͳ

ֵ?ԼѷֵΣϣı³ŶԽս ֧֡Ȼͳʱȱַ֤֧Ժ־Ķ³ţȴû

жⳡսκ˽Լѷ쵼ԽԽе

1967 ꣬ 84 ʱ³ֹͣ˰ʱȥͼݵûж κνֻͣǸز

1969 ͳ?ɱ³ŵԸʱ ͱ˿ͬˡ3  22 գλͳ͵һ˰ݷ˱ 219

šͶ³ŷ򸾴˰СʱȻǰͼݣ

ڶ³Ű칫ǼֻʹõĴŸϵࡰ ﻪȡʱѾ״µĶ³ȴޱվһߡ

ڳ˶֪³żϲӣ˵һ൱ ڵʱ̡ǣϺ󣬶³ȴת˿ʵ

ŵʲôӡ

غͿ?ʱѾӡɭ ˹ʹͥ 4 ӡ1968  3 µ׺͵ڶͬһʱ䣬

³뵤λΤ˹أǶǿλүү ͷñ 4 һڹϳǵĽֵȥ

ʱĿ⡣ȫҵ˵ǵ ļܡ³Ÿ߼˵⡰һ˵

ǣ궬бͽҽԺҿʼеԼϵ һƬҶӡ?ʷɭ𼪶˹?˰ɪȥ

ڻΤ˹ضڼ䣬ɭȥϢ³дһƪͨ

̴ǡ

1969  6  28 գ³ŷڼףǽ 50 ա ûом硣ֻмλѵá籴˿ǽ͵ͳ

ڳʱվ֡

1913 ꣬ӸάũдŸһﲻ ȥһ 219 ţôһܺͺܿ顣

Ƕ鼮Ҫݡڶ³ŴϹ ɢھǣܴӴп̨¶顣

رʵеʲôش˵ޣ һʵĺӣһյ̨ƣԼһҪ顣

һŦԼĿ?ܿ峿סķȥݷʱ ³ҵһϣԵ϶ż顣ܿʵ

ͳϲҹ￴˯𣿶³˵ˣϲ鿴 ˯š

˹??Ϊλ϶ ˻裬ɵмϳǹ?³š

Ϊ˸Ը

1971  5  14 գ³дѷ˵ 87 ʱ

ƶʹҷǳˡ㣬Ÿ̵ ⡣ǩԿϳ˵ģҲֻǿϵó

?ŵȥȻ 10  12 աڶѷ ɣ˹ũУֵ鷿һϣ

ಡͻ 78 ꡣŦԼʱɷʱ˿?³˵ ˵³۵ģҲ˵֪

ķҵġ

1972 ģ³סҽԺһεȻθ סڡ

12  5 գڶЩʱٴαͽҽԺһ αȻ뿪ֵӡ״绪ʿ?

ķоҽԺ߼ǵ˵кáǷ

Ѫ

12  6 գ״ΪΣ鹫һﶼڲ ҽͼÿغķβȴλǰͳͬ

ʱڻ֧׶裬ңڶӲԵ ١

ڻʢٳϯһףй׵顶?S? ³šĳедᣬͳṩһܰ׹ ˹С

ںļ³ԵػָˣΣϹ Ĳڼʿ?׶ķֻ˵״ǳء

˿ÿ춼 6 ¥Ĳ??³ żһ¡ҲҽԺһߣǰһεŪ

Լ˵³ѹˣһֳ΢Цڱʵо ʱش˵Щˡż֪߱Ĵϲʥ

װ³ŷˡòһֱܺá 12  10 ո ˵΢ЦǵԼ򵥵ǻ𡣡12 

11 䣬оʱ˵³ŴҾöˡ Ƿʲôطۣ˵ûС12  14 գ˵Ѿܹ

˵ˡ

ⳡ 3 ڣطŦԼļСڣ ǷγѪɲ롢ϰϵͳʧ

 12  5 ԺһֱΪҹ令ػһԱ ?׷˺ǡСƣΪκ鶼

лˡ12  24 գ糿ҹ ϡʥǰϦ֮ҹֵ࣬ʱǷ

˵ҵ֣ʹʶȻзӦ??

ʥǰϦԽԽʥ糿ݱ˵Ȼԣ ӽشŦԼ˷ɻ 2 Ĳ鹫˵״û

иơԺԺ?F?ĻᡰǳǳСڱ ʵΪʲô³άŻôʱʱҽ

һѧ⡣˭ܾأϣܸԪ

һֱͨҽԺɷȹ˼ÿһı˿ʱȫ ƣˡؼ䵣ģ˵ĸ׺һصǵļ

ȥʥҹְִڻУǲκ

1972  12  26 գڶв׼ʱ 7  50 ֣³ ˹оҽԺҽȥ

ǰһ꾡ĳ 5 Ĺƻ׼ϣйصһ ˾ɵÿ˹˹ķ½ִСO 

Ĺƻмҳϸܵһоˡ ³ŵ彫÷ɻʢ٣ڹõԲδйհ

Ȼ˻ﰲᡣʵϣԺҪȥУ½ ƥϵġڽܿˡڿϹڼѾ˹ұƥ

Ϸɻ׼Ϊ

³һͼİ칫пȫļƻȫ

ͬ⣻˸˵ԸȨ˵ һܺõչʾźۼǷ԰

ڻʢٹհתӡԺ˵ڡ

ǶԱԸʱܹ߽ҵİ칫ҡ ǣ12  27 յݱ˿Ըڹģϱˡ

غͿ?ЩЩ ˣ˵ĳϯҲǹģܴģǧ˵Ĳӵμʽ

ڿɭǹΪͥ˽˵ʽ屻³ͼ ݰڴйհ鳵ͨеĽֵп

ء︥ߡ÷նͱ֣ԶʿĶ顣ͼ

ݵ̨վһ̶֧ӡ6 ǰĲƺϡ ͳͷ¾ڹľϷһ졢סɫ

ʯɵĻȦֵ?ԼѷȫˡȥԵü㲶 ˥ϵԼѷ 3 ܺҲȥˡ

ʱֱͨڶ峿ǧˡ ݹ 75 ˡ߹ڷڶ³ͼݴбٱڻǰǽ

ĹľԡаӢﳤֱ·Զһ˸߼˵

ȫǵ˶ǹѡ

12  28 ա磬˵Ը³űͼݵ Ժھʽͼÿռޣֻ 250 ˳ϯ

а??¡?īơ˹?Τ? ķ?ɭ

˿?³šغͿԼǵ 4 վһɫ ӵĺ棬˸Ǹݱ˿Ըеһɵ

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ȻĹأʪ 21 ںʱ ʱƺȻøˡƮѩλͼ

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