վսʿʻB-24ըк
ߣʷٷҡE.˹
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ΪΡĵѺ֧30ˡ˽½նӷʱһЩ, һֱΪԴΪ1972ͳѡӰ졣׿β̸, ҶʻB-24ըľ۲ѡ, ǸʱĽܳ, һΪһ˽, ֻΪȡʤð֮յˡ
1999, ġӰŵҵĶ˹һԷ̸, ĸ, ˶˼βɷ, ΪȤдһĶս顣˵Ǹ뷨, ȥ, ĵB-24ըڰµһũըԼĽΪµĿʼ
ϣдⱾ, ǷԸ⡣ԥ, ΪȱȤ,ΪѾʼˡĴߴȥ̸̸, ǷԸҽ, ǷԸṩķ̸һ, ͬˡҸ
ĺͱ༭, ˿÷ݽ, ҿдⱾˡΪĺҵı༭,˿ϲѡ,˵, Ȿ鲻ֻд, Ҫдһ۵Щǡ, ߼ȷġ
Ҵо׫дսվ뷨Ѿá֮ǰ, дŷսϵĸ߼ָӹ, תǰߵʿ, һ֧Ӣս( š)101ս506 E ( ֵ) ڡD աġսʿ, о˽еս¼ٺʿд׼, Ҳɷ˺ܶྭʵսϱдڵһ½·֮, дľйվ顣вдָӻеĸ߼Ա, ֻдʻըľǡսαֵ? ˽⡣ĺĻ,еʮ庽ն455ը741 ж, ƺ˲ֻشҵ;Ҷĺĵǵ, Ҿĺܴ󡣺Ĵʹ˽һϴ, 22ʱô˺ըԱ; ҵȤ, ʦ˺͹װΰĿվ; һ˽վսжıִе; һ߶һ, ԽսڵڶսһλܳĺըԱҿʼ
Ҷ˴ͻ¼, Щд˿ս, ԼԼ, ʹǳ,ⲻעͺͲοĿָ顣һҪر¼λʾл,: վ𡷵˶л, ߾ٷʷڶսе½նӡı༭˹ˡĺղķ˹, վУ˹¡дһľӡġ741 ըжʷҵĴѧѧֿѼķ, ѧҵ˿վԱ, ҰĶ, Ķ˳, ָݺ˴ɷ, ĺͽڵĻԱ,741жӺ455 ըӵķԱʿ, ȵ, ЩڴлгǶе˱ʾл
2000109 , ݺҵB-24B-17ڸʻλ, ܷɻһرľҪл˹( 01775,˹,248) ΪܡὫܺըɱǹҵĸ, ÿһ, رǺܹᵽڡսʱڵķɻϷеĴ̼
ΩһһܻڷеB-24Ứ130 Ԫ, ǧСʱ޸ʽɻ, ڻװ, ȡ롰βǧۿ, Щ˻B-24B-17ը, ڷɻԴӻͷβ, ׺β, ҲͶ׼, ߵԱλϡǿխͨ
ǰ߻, ѲһµըƿȶB-24, вĴǿŵġڷ, ֱβʮһʵ,ݺֻǧӢ,ڱϦв˹طɵ˹,о䡣޴ĺз,, 켫ˡ
ݺҵķж˹һҵĺ, еѧ, еѾܴѧ, Щӱһ־С, ȫԼ׫дͳġ־йʽɻ, дǶսսԽսսʱڵ˺ͷɻ, ô, ˵һʥҵ, ȻҾͱ־סˡҴӡ, رͥĹлǳ,Ǵٳǵ˹֮С
ڸʻλϷB-24B-17, ʹ΢Ƶĺ, ҲʹݺҸеըǶôӷ, ԿӦǶô, ǶôԼԦǷΪϴЦ, Ϊ, ЦĿռһ, һֺͻΪһľ, ԱŻȥлڻǿǶԼʻЩɻ˸Сʱ, ֻʮСʱִսķԱ𾴺ͳݡûջ, ûе˵սǲ֪վս, Ǻܾǰ顣
ҵ常̩˹21ʱ, ڵڰ˺նB-26ըϵһʻ19446 , ˹, ʱŮŵ˹ʦѧ˺, ȥ˺, ִһζŷ޴½󷵺½ʱӢ׹١, Ӵûлָ
ҵĪһԹ֮ذо, ÿһµĵһ߻,ܴЩǳĿվսʿ˹˵úܾ, 1944֮סؿ˹һд, еﲮɵ¡³ÿĻ: ϷʱСè, սʱͻ
Ļ
B-24, ƺõĻƤ֮, Ķһ1930˿ܴ, ԷɵֿԶ, ֲڡɻٿ, ˾ƣ, ˷Ա, ûû,ʱ, Աֻܰͷϴȥ۲졣һӢߵĸ߶ֺֻܽ, ʪ, д̱ǵ𽺺ͺˮζӢ߻ߵĸ߶, ¶ȵ͵40͵50, ɷɻûů紵ɻ, Ǵӻλôĸ, Ϊۺʱ, ըǿŵġֳᶳϡ˹ǹ, Ƥᶳϡûϴּ,ֻܵС,һǰ, һں, , ΪЩǴ̫ˡ, Сس˶ɱ򡣴СֻڳֽȲѲʹ, Ϊ·, ¶ļ¶ڱ̹ǵĺʵѡùĴͨը˳ȥҲûг豸, ޷ʳƷ򿧷, ÿһԱC һ, , ʳƷûСʧѹ, һ, ԱҪ˫ʹࡣ
û, ֻһըըԵİӢͨǰ߶һжС, ڻǾ, ǹڽ⿪, ֻܳ100 ѹ, һ, ͻŶûװ, б, ƵĿռ, һɵĵطû, ԷԱʻ, ˵λԱ˵ʿԡķа˸Сʱ, ʱҪʮʮСʱ, ٻСʱַɻĴںͷֻһĿ, װ500 1000ը, ׼ȷĿꡣ
ַɻСߡһר˺Ͷ߱ըķɻ˵, ǸͬѰ, ȻǸ覵ַ֡ɻϷɻ칫˾,1939 ׷ɡ1940мܷɵӢʱ, Ӣվ˽ʲô֡жӵĳ³ش, ߡ, ˵, ѡߡ, ΪԴݻٵ¹ӵ, Ǻǽʱϣؼµǧˡ
Ϸɻ칫˾ɸط˾˹ɻ칫˾ͱɻ칫˾ɵ, Ϊ, 18,300ܡߡ, 5,000 B-17ըߡڶսǰδͶʹ, սҲͶʹ(1945 1946, ÿһB-24иƬ, ̫ƽⸯ) Ͷ졢άͷB-24κιҡκʱ䶼Ͷ뵽κһַɻϵԱB-24ըκͺŵķɻ
˵B-24Ϊ˾ӮսЩšҪ, ûB-24, ˾Ӯս?
½նҪǧԱ, ԱȥB-24ըҪЩ˼, ѵ, ṩ, άЩɻ, ʱֻм˽μʻɻҪô˴Ӻζ?
Ļ
Ρ, Ա򡤡ȶ, ʻ˼ϣ˹, ߵԱ
ѷC W Ⲯ, Աࡤŷġ, β
̩˹ʲͿ, в޲ء¿ζ, 
ˡ߶, леʦ󿨷, ķǵ˹, ԱͶƶ, Ա
ԼB ׶˹, β
ء,B-24 β޲ءϡĪ,B-24 ʻ
ֶء˹,B-24 Ա, 쵼ĵԱ޲ءS ˹,B-24 Ա
˹A ,455ըӶӳɵ¡R ,B-24 Ա
R ά˹,B-24 ά˹ʦɭءѸ,B-24 Ա
¡ֶ,B-24 Ա¡ŵ,B-24 ߵԱ޲ءĬ,B-24ߵԱ
˹Ĭ,B-24 ԱءԼѷ,B-24 
ɵ¡P ,B-24 Ͷֻ˹W ,741ըжӶӳ˹ơ˹, Ϊ˹˹,B-24 Ա
ƽ,B-24 Ա˹,B-24 ԱᡤƤ,B-24Աǡ, ϴʦŵ, ϴݿ˹, ˵Ĳμ÷ѵ, ڳΪB-29Ա֮ǰ, B-24ķн̹
ס׵¶,B-24 Ա޵¡,741жӷоҽֶءФ˹,B-24 Ա
ԼG ʷ˹,B-24 ԱL ˹ŵ,455ըӶӳ, ļ߰¡˹ķ,B-24 Ա
¡ձ,B-24 Ա, Ϊĸʻִǰ
÷ض,B-24 ߵԱ˹,C-47 Ա
B-24ըķԱ
B-24ըķԱͻԱĸݺ͸ءᡢ׳, ǹˡҽʦũˡʦĶӡЩ˽,󲿷ֻûСЩ˽ܹѧڵý, ǵרҵʷѧ̡ѧ, ȵȡЩ˸ոճѧУšǶ־Ըξġն, 1942Ժ½ն, ûǿκȥСԼѡġ1927, ˹ְ׼ʻʥ·˹šӳʱ,еĴ˻СԺܶຢ˵,ǵһ׮Ӱǵ¼˺ǵ, ְһ, ҲСʮʱ, Ļ, ҲֻT ͳ, A s ͳеĺܶũ庢, ӻء, кԶȥѧк, Ǿ˶ʮˡзݹĻ, һһǮ, ʱڼҲϴ, ҪǴ·, ܶ˳ŽšǼ, û뿪硣Ժһ, Ҳû뿪ڵݻֻмõ˳еûϹɻûмɻ˳ԾǶɡð֮, ҪеĶкö: ҵĽ, ܸ, дվµȨ, Ѹ١㿪ʼ, ˯ͣľĲλ, Ҳ˯è֪һ, ȷʵҲۡǵİǺʵġΪϣաӢīἰ׵һԱȻ˽ôȥ, ǳȥС
ϣһֻ뿪, ڸ߿и, ܵñ½ϵκ˶졣ڽȥδȻֿһ, ɻó, ,绰,, ֽӵϽų, ա
˾ȵ̫, ˼½նʱֻʮ, ЩսǰԶҲᵽ20ˡʱ25, һ㶼ᱻǵɡˡ21, ˼ϰѼýγԿ׽, 2040ͷ, ȴͳȥҪɫ
Ҫǹһܷɻͼʻ˵Ĺ¡Ҳ½նľķɻ, дһСŮB-24ըԱԼ455 ը741 жӷԱΡĵ¡ܺըԱдʲôλ? Ȳ, ҲǶһ޶ġ
19227 19, ϴİ, һλʦļ, Ρʷĳˡһ, а, , һý׶,,һܵܽεүүǰ, ϱսʱе, ֮, һúˡεĸԼɪ1868, ʥ·˹֯еְҵ, Ϊͽ, ܵȾơĲ, Լ֧ӵķŮ˵ɧšٻʱ, ˴, ŦԼݵĻһѧԺѧҵʱ, Ըϴ, ƾԼ˽ڴ, Ще񻹱šĵһ, ûΪ50ʱ, Ȣ28ĸ˹, ǽĶ, һĸ
1927, , ȫҾסڼô󡣵ʱְ׼ʻɻ˷, : Ϣе̸ֽ̨СҼǵǴηкһְ״ŷñͷ羵Ƭڱֽͷ档ҵʱ, ϵ۴ĵħļһҳΪ, ְΰˡ
1928, һҰᵽϴж, СǵľԼ12,000, , Լɪʦƽûְֵ( һ
, ȷʵ˵װġ) ǽԼ׸Էͺ, ٱװ顣Ǯ, ҿ˵ټ, ԼɪڽõĹʲ100 Ԫ,ӽĵһλũԵõһ,һʽƻ, һ伦,һЩţ⡣ͨɷ, ޺֮ȥ롣跨жĵֺɣðһ, ﳤ
һʿĺӡ, ȴͥ, һ㶼ƫִһƽѧ, ΩһԽΪȥӰ, ϵͽ˵Ҳǲ, ȥ󡣺ʹϴкһ, Ҳȥ׵İ, ׽ô16ھĵͲǹڴʱ, ɳ, ذȺӵĻȳڳׯ, ѳѶҧˡڳ, к̵Ӷĵաһں͸״ʱ, һλаءϵ¶ũ, Һȵ̨, ϵ¶ĵĸ׽͵, ոյ׳һṩ֧Ʊ, ֧Ʊ֧˵гĳѶʱ, ѧ, ӽ1/5 ũΪѺǮȡ, ʧȥء
ϸʱ, ǡѧУʦ, ѵѧУӡӺﾶ, ҲСѧٿΡ
һ˶Ա, ιϴѧķ, ǡǳ̸ˡҶǳη
̶꼶ٿѵ֮һ, ǸƤľľ, Ȼǰȫ, Ļ, , ͷ, ٷʱ, ͣܵľ, Ҹеȥ, һ۶ϲӡľӸǰʱ, Ƿһ, , ǺܶΡ
, , , , ô? 
, ʦ, ˡʲô, ? 㿴ͬѧȥ? 㲻ȱ첲ȱ, ѵȱٵʲô? һ, ȷʵˡ
ҸΪʲô? ˵֪ð, ˵,Ǹϵų! Ϊʲô
ȫʮѧſ, ߵ޵, ᶼˡĻ˵ȷʵʹҸеǸСһֱҡ˸к, Ϊܵúܿ, ﾶ, м, ûƼ¼, ľ¼Ȼʱʱǰ
1940бҵ, ĽϴΤ˹ѧԺ( :500),ѧԺҸһ֡ʱսŷ޺йСΪ˱ս, ʼһԱƻ뷨ȫķԱ, µƽѧһЩѵڳжҪʼԱƻĵͬѧ, ϴ˹ŵƴȥСͬһ꼶һϡ׺, Τ˹ѧԺ˿ľ, һ˫ƾɵЬ, ţпTһ, ĸӦŮԼ, ׻ش, , ûǮԼᡣ
ι, ȥѧԺСƵ, ȫֻҪʮ֡˵
, ʮֶûС׷ǳ, ˼Ҫ, ҪйʮѧԱŻῪࡣγ̰ѧϰͷѵ, ѧѧ֡Աƻṩɻṩ̹ٵıꡣ׵̸, ˵Ÿͬѧǩ, һŮͬѧ19ġ
֮ǰ, ĻûϹɻ, ֮ͬΪһѧԱ, Ϊо, ܿɻ, Ϳǡʾ, Ҳָ, ɻ޾ɫͨ, ڼԼ߶ȸĺ, ֤, Ѹ߶ȱˡ
һڶ׵¶صİ޿ɻ, ǰա̹ٿɭǸͷ, ǰաײϵͳ, һ, ɭҪʱ, ƿѧԱ, Լݡĵһηʱ, Ÿɭ򿪽׼, µҪ, ֲ, ôɻ? ҸɲǸ͵ϴ, θͣڶ, ɻϴǸɭ, ŷɻ, κ, ˵á㿪ò
ļϿ, ܡĿ, ʾʧʱ, Ҹӿ־塱Ȼ, Ǹһʾ, ҿò, Ҳ֡ϹСʱĿκ, ɭ, Эܺ, ҲɺͽѧԱ˵ѧĿ, ɻԶ, ʱƽ, ǰ½, Ȼ, úءЩ, ɭ:Էŵˡɷǳ˳жϿ, ˮ׹Τ˹У԰, ŷԽжϿաغ, оܡ־, ս, Ϸ, ͵½ȥ
ԶԶձ
1941, Ϊһ˷пεĴѧ꼶ѧ, һοB-24ը, ЩɻĻڲ˹ݵİ, ĿǴͷɹкը
ѵԱжĻܵΪûмս, ûB-17ը, ż, ĿԿһB-24, Ǿ޴, ӡ̡ûϹһ, Ҳû뵽, һ, ԼȥῪһֻ, ЩԱ˲
ĿB-24ըͷԱµġ1940-1941 ֻмٵľ, װ, 佢ӲǴװ϶ԶԶձ, ҪӢˡڵڶսʼʱ, 200,000 ( 26,000½),ζ16λ, ֮֮޵ձ¹ٵÿ19416 , ½ӵ1257ս, ձʽս, ô˵ѳ, ڵ¹ɴվ, Ϊɻı, ҷչѸ١
19399 , սŷ޿ʼʱ, Ȼ, ʧҵʸߴ25% һĹһֻԼһԪûʧҵ, ûṩĸ, ûпءܶ༲Σա俿ʿ, 㡣е·, , ǮõԷºסˡ
ڼ, رڷɻ, ҪԶԶڵ¹ձҵֻ˵רµ˫
˹DC-3Ƚķɻ, 21˿, ɵ, ŦԼɵɼҪ24Сʱ, ʱDC-3;ͣμ͡ÿСʱ155 Ӣ,󺽳900Ӣͺûѹ, ҲԳ˿ṩ, Ѳ߶10,000Ӣ,15,000Ӣ, ζʱзСû״, ӵеһӵȽ, ǰԱ׷ٵĵƵߵ粨, ڶӵ¼ûʲô, Ϊߵźų׵緢ߵ粨šԱҲԽߵϵĹΪ, ڶӵºô
1941, ֻΪúշԱͻԱеһЩ˺ڵʮ庽նӷ, ݹ85% ûս, ҲûϹɻ, һûװĵɻطɹ˴Ρڵʮ庽նӷ۵Щ48ݼġ˹ӺͲȵ, вͬı;
C ȶ,1924 ڿ˹Сĸľ, Ǹ̡Ӣ, , رǶŮͷɻû, Ǹ첻¡زµķɻʻԱȥһսԱ̬Ⱥ͸ԸĽȻͬ
˼ϣ˹,1925 ڵÿ˹Ĵ˹1941, ں¹԰ѧһ, ΪѧпԸһ¡
޲ءĬ, 1923, Ǽ֮һ, ԱĸǸ֡Ĭ, ϺĶǿÿһ, ǽһǽ϶ɵƤǰֹ, ʱ, ڷס꼶ʱ, ʱ, СҲˡһ1938ڰ׺
Ĭܺʱ, ʲôǮ, ӢȥһŶ߶򳡡ѧУһӢԶ, ϲȥ, ؼҳ緹, ȻзѧУ,ѧٻؼ,Ӣ˵Сһͯ, ÿһֿ25֡ѧʱ, ڴƤݹ˾һݹ, ë, ҰõƤ,װ˵ˮÿСʱ25, ճϢظҪõö, ק硢ѽո˶ѳɶ, ÿֻ1 5 Ԫ15ʱ, ѱѵӪ, 춼μ, ѧϰ, Ҳ֪һε
Ĭû뿪, 1940бҵʱ, ,Ǿ뺣ֻ17, ĸ׾ܾڲξļǩ֡뺣ô? С½? ҲСվڿ
ƽ, 19247 4 , ְ׿ʱ, ꡣƽĸΪһ̤ͷɻ, һСֵϷз, Ƥñͷ羵ʱ, ɻֻɻֻҪһ, ϼ½ӡ
V Ͷ˹ֵ޲ءN Ͷ˹,1941 17ʱ,˵ÿ˹һСУȻǱ󱸾ѵ, ѧĻ֪ʶ
ֶءФ˹,1919 ھʿ̹ĸڵһսʱ,ɳʿվķԱ游游ɳʾӵĽĸǰ߱, һ, ӹһ, ,1923 ͼһ,ֶؾŦԼгĸײӢǿĸζӲ˷ɻĹֶس, Ҳ˷ݹ, Ϊݹᵽɡ, һλŮ, ĸʷٷҡڵһսʼ󲻾, Ϊӱӵ˻,1920 һŮ, ȡ, Ǹ¡˹(ɫ)ֶ֡ʶСʷٷҡܵġ˶ǴٷóѧУҵ, ڶݵĴٵػҵ
ڿʼϰǰ, Ф˹˺͸¡˹ˡ
Ҵû˵(365С˵|Www.365book.net)
𡤹ѷ,1922 ɼĸǽźıȻɽһλ·½ʦѷ1940ҵڷѶ˹ѧ, ɼѧԺ1938½, ˸, ȼ֮ϴѧڼ, ѷȥ˹ҹת˹һʵ͵ĺըXB-19íѷԼѽ: Ƕ߱ðյǱʡѷⲮ½նܲһ㡣ȴ˵, սǰѾξ,19175 10ճڵÿ˹, ɽķͷݡⲮ( һλСʱ) 򸾵ĵӡĸλȵĽͽ, һλָȡΪ, λҳϵԱ, ޡѷָмѷΪһСк, ⲮĵһǸ˽֪Ů, ǾáC W ⲮȻCWİְһɻ겢ӵȫǵĵһ, ҹﵽֻ׿ӵĲȥ, ֱһ, һǳ֮Ϊޡ, ڴ, Ų, ÷紵ĻǶʼԡʱ,CW Ľ̫, ر費ĩڳĵԡϴ֮,
ÿĩҪҪҪϴ衣
ܳԱǮ, ȡԼ, ǲˮ̡緹Ժ춹, ʱҲʳһԼȥ˲޼ոͨͯӾӪ, ķ, ʮҲ, , Ǯһˡ
üʱ쳪, ܵŮ׼һҰ͡µĲڿɿƻʵɺͱʳѹ֨֨졣뿪ʱ, ǻƻ衣C W ǵĸҡҡT ͳC W Ʋ, ĳǮ, һһҡѵԶûʵԸ, 13Ϳʼ
ջʱ,CW ޴ѹȻ𾪡ķ羰, ˵, ŹȿǺֿ, ѹȻĴСĵһܷɻʱ, Ǹʮĺӡɻߵķ׹, ½ءC W þľͷһ, ͬĲɻ, һ, ˩ڵϷɡ
Ⲯһȹڡһȥÿ˹ɪ˹, ̫һͳ,һֱ춼, ֮Ҫ300 Ӣ·C W ĸĸ˯ڹ·ߡһ
ԼԼĳӡԽһ, ֱʧͷ, ҵһũ, ·ôߡһǵ֥Ӹ, ·ö, ǿżĵһA ͳȥġ֥Ӹ˶C W Ĺװ͹Ѿָָ, Ц˵, ޴̼ɽ, ι۷ƶԪ˧, һ¾ǵö㡣
н,CW ȥһ, ûбȵһٸõĵ;, ѧ꼶ʱ, ΪʵԼĿ, ʼԼķ,ͬʱΪھѡԱĲ˹L˼˼ѡɹ, ίC W ȥɲ˹C W Ϊ˼ɢƷ, ЩɢĹ, ѧУμӵѡ, ίɵĻ, ֻ117 , ֻüﾶ, ûȡʲôɼѧҵʱ,ԱѾɲ˹ίɡڸ׽,CW һѧѧһ깤̡ڴѧ, μ˺󱸾ѵ, ־ǳʺӮѵŵ, Уš, ˼ɲ˹ί, ɵʱ,CW Ѿ, ˡĳɼܺ, ˵ÿ˹ĻеѧԺĽѧ
ں󱸾ٺܶ, ѵ, ѧϰܴ, Ⲯĸһ, 40ԪһT ͳ, һԺ,
ϻ˾ԭ۸, ̱һ̵Ľм۸, ֻ25Ԫ򳵡Ⲯƽʱ5 Ǯһĵķţ, , ҪԼһ20ֵĺòʡеѧԺһУ, Ⲯ1941ҵʱ, һõù̵ѧλ, ڶӵ½ξ
ⲮĵһְǱӪܱ, ѧУٳ֮ΪУ1941ѵ˵µġγһ, Ⲯȥĵط, : ǵ޲ľӪĵϿ˹͵ÿ˹ֶ˹Ӫֶ˹Ӫ100 ӢڲӴʱ乻, ֪ô, ޲Ϊѡ, Ͽ˹Ϊڶ,ֶ˹ΪȻ,䵽ֶ˹Ӫ
, ⲮָѵŵһʿЩҪԿɽĺ, ÿⲮĻ˵, ЩˡޱùǺ1941,ܹܵսĽԽԽ, Կ϶, ЩҪȥս,ǰټ˵, ע, , ѵǵĵ, һн֮ǰ, ǻҺ޵ҧг, Ҫó̵ľȥ׼ս, ΪҲǵѪҵϡ121 ,13 ܵѵ, 
, Žӵ̫ƽ󡣡Ͼ׼ʱ, , 
, ⲮΪξ, Ϊ, һӵְ, ǵӪ͹, ·ͥİӺ;͡ͷһ, Ϳ16ͥ, ʱǲѶΪ֮Ҳҵʱ䶼, رŹƺͿС, ԭЩӦҵʱ¿, ǾþӪٺʿ, 3000Ǯ, ȥһЩ¡
һб˹ţֶӵͷⲮ, Ƿֶ֯ӡ? бʵ, ڴ! ̫! ʼ֡һбڼǵһҹܻᵯַ, Ⲯ˰˿Ǯˮ˵ֶ˹ӪӪһľ, Ⲯľ, ׼ܡⲮһʦһӪ־, ׼ϡΪֶס
ʱ, һϷСʮʼֶӵͷ˼, ΪǿϷ, Ϊʮֿʼ˾ϯῪĻʽ, ǰ, ߹Ա, Ϸɸ衰ݳһ, , һ, , ͣǡȹӺ;Ь, ëĴȶ¶šǴĨסͷ, ϱ߻һŵĺð
ֵ, ǵϡ뻮һһȶʱ,ռƻ,һ˵ִ, ֵ˾ٵĽ¡,ʹںôЦ
ⲮһλձҵУѧ, ȭھ, ȥ֯һȭӡⲮҵһԶķ, Ӹߴ, Ǹú, ץκδ򡣡ǶʽӵⲮû豸, һ̨, ľȥд̨, ЩսʿǾͿְдˡ
·ͥİӽ㡣Ⲯѻ𻨵ֻʣ300 顣11ĩ, ˾˵, ξ, ѵҪһ豸, ͨҪܶෳܵõ, û300 Ǯһ豸ѵ֤һ, ˵ʿֻҪ
, Ҳ, Ⲯش, սʿҪʩ, ֶҪ֡Ҳɡ
ξ, ˾, û˵ĻҪһ豸Ⲯһξܾ, ͻȻһ, ת, ˳ӵ, ڶɱšľ, սǰ, ʱ䶼
1936ÿһ˶еؼǵ, 
ձϮ۵һϢʱںδ
ΡϴΤ˹ѧԺ϶꼶ǸѧԺ, ѧʷӢѧһ͵ı޿, ɰ²ѧԺ޲ءʽڡСټ, ѧÿȥNBC(ȫ㲥˾) ŵŦԼŵĹ㲥ֻ, дһƪ¡19ı߼ǱʼǱ˵, ΪСӦøɫһ㡣ȷ, , ҲⲼôһȺѧ꼶ѧȥŦԼƷͷ㡣⵽ըʱĿ岥ļѶжϡұó, Ҵû˵, ֪ǶܴӸ׵ķӦĶ֪һص¼϶϶Ͷ뵽սȥ
μ½Ǻ?
ڶѧУ, ÿ˶̸۴¡ԱŵͼѧָĶ, ζʲô֪жȷġ, ˵ֻͶȥ, ѡ񡣡ϴΤ˹ѧԺһЩѧѾʼۡͷһ궯ԱĲμӹԱγ̵ŵѾ½ӡһѧԼŵ, Уӵ, һѵ¹ʡĺμӷѵԼѧԺѧԱ̸˻, ˾, ʮͬѧһ𿪳ȥ½ӻ򺣾նӡǽԺϵεĳֱСѧУ, ˵, ȷʵѧǽѧԺĺܶԱֱġΩһǲμ½Ǻ? ȥ·϶ۡΪϴ, ½صȰ, ǵֱǴ½ɽҪȺϺáȻ,һݸӵĸо,ǵ˺ըջزըĸסǸͣ³, ʼѰվ, һ˵½, ͿһŸʳõѲȯδ֤ʵĴ˵, ʮ˶μ½ӡԱʵ, ǵõһټֵ75ֵ͡, ˵, пţš֭ࡣ
û, ֻǩһ, ½ӵԸ, ͬⱻʱǰʹ½ṩѵɻͽԱ, ½ӡǻصжѧУ, º, ͻᱻ١
1941127 , ȶͶ˹ֵ޲󱸾ѵһмҳʱ, ۵ϢӸв˳Ƕһ̼, Ͷ˹˵һ18, ͱμ½, Ҳûзۡڰְ̫, ûг, ֵܶûա17ıĬ, ڲ˵ڱǩͬμӺӻ½, Ϊ̫С, ʱ¼ıһС128 , ͬ, ½ĬԶ˷ֱʱĻ:Ҳ˿,, 㲻, ǮҲˡ
17ƽѧ꼶ѧ1941127 , ۵ĿѶʱ, ͸ڶֽһξۡҵͬͬѧȫ, ڶ췢, Լ, Ƕܵȵ18ҵ, Ҫξ, ǵһȥսļƻ17˱, ȵ񲿶,ҪǱҵӦ顣¼󲻾,ƽͱ½ӡ19436 Ѯ, ѧԺѧҵ7 4 , ףԼ18,717, 顣
бμ½ӵĵ˺Щֵ˶սڡϡ, װӻû׼áC W Ⲯǵüξ¼󲻾, ֶ˹Ӫڰ,11 ʱ17ʱ, ͬ½ȥ˰, ڲ, ѧ˴սʱ, صԤѧУ, ѧУ, ӵְ, ɵֶ˹Ӫ
Ⲯ, ɱʱ, ˵, ʲôʱԷ? , Ķ˯? ʲôʱ俪֧? ȡ֮, ſⲮ, ʲôʱܹս? ÿս, ʲôʱܹս? Ⲯÿζ󱨸ָӹ, ö, ͸ߺ, ´, ͿԳˡһһξȥ˹ӵİͼⲮеϧ,һսѵ, İ, ǳʺϵ, , Ҳɵϴɶ½ȴɵͼ
бμ½ӵ˲òȴ, һȾһ, Ҫȵ½гĻɻԱӪʼѵǡ
ļϴΤ˹ѧԺѧϰ, ϴеİŵ˹ٸ񲮸ʶమ˳Ư, бĳ, ѧһαսʤΤ˹ѧԺһα, սͷһ,Ƕ, Լսٽ顣˹ٸ񲮸ļ, ϴѧһ,ѧȥ,Ϊһʦ顣
ĵһ, ޲ءټ½, ѵͰŵðԼ, д, Ǹ׵Ļŵ,Ƿǳر, ǵĸ, ȫ, ΪİҪһαʱ, 
һֱͲѺõܹ뵽¼ŵ, ᷢһޱȲػϵĶ̳Ǹ׵Ը񡣿˵, ˹ٸ񲮸ʶ¶ˡһҹд, ҴʮӺ̸ڶ롣־ʹǳ, һܵѡ˹ٸ񲮸
ľܲ˶Ա, Ǹڵѧ, ѡ೤, ҪǱۡĴޡʷ˹Τ˹ѧԺϵεĶӡ1943, ˲μϴѧٰȫ۴һٶѧУĺʷ˹ڱӮ, ǿųж, һ·質һ·,Τ˹ѧԺѧ񻶲, 󽫳ͣΤ˹У԰1943212, ѩµúܴļǵ, ʷ˹վ, ޺ʱ,ͻȻһŷ,½նӵ, ĺѧϯֶء72Сʱ֮ڵʥ·˹ĽܸѷӪʷ˹˵,ҪдŸ½ն, κֶΤ˹ٴһѧĩ
, ʷ˹, Ļش, ʱܽŶ, , , , СϵҲӦ˵Ȼʵ, ŵ˵ʲô? ˵ᴦ¡û衣Ȼһƽ, Ҳǳϣպɴ,ῴıرֽ˵,60,000¹, ˹ָø, ˻ᱯ̾Ŷ, , ˵,̫, ¹϶кܶ౯˵ļͥɵᵽǧĶ˱ɱʱ, ޳, Щĸ׺ĸôܰ! ȫЩСӰ!Ծû취һֹⳡɱ? 
ӱ, ĺͿÿʰһ, ֻܶվ6 㿪ᰢ˹Ļ𳵡ڻվ, Τ˹ѧԺѧȫְԱһ, ƷԱѧУֶҲȷʵֵĻͳ, Ļ˵, оһֵʱ⡱, Ҳòҵߴҵƿ, ΪڳϯҵΪ, ⳡµսʹĶһȥ
ʹȫû
ĳ˻ȥմ˹鱤, ڶ糿顣ĺ,һȴ, ʥ·˹ĽܸѷӪ, ǼΪJBλһĺӹɽ, Ϯ, ѩ, ŢJB½նӵĻһ, սʱ, ½նӲıH H H աŵ¼ֵ, صĽҪΪ˹ʹʽסĵ䷶, ÿһձֽɵӪ, 24վѧԱ, ƽ19ꡣǷ˾װЬӡò;, кܶ˻ǵһԶ, ׵ò, ѧԱϷһΪй, һз׹, ѧֻȷ֮, оӵΪʽ, ûʱȥϤ, ֻѵϵʿαӪ, ʹ׼ʱӦ, 벽, òǹǹ, 벽, ؿʿ˵, ֻһҪĥ͵󺰴пʼ, ˵, ûͣѵϵ, һ˱вܶһʼ, ʿϿ֮, ͽС, 彡ʿʲϲѵе, ǳΪĴѧ,Ļһ顣ʲʿѵܼ, ƴ̵ܲ, ȻڷԵ, ٴӵ, , δ, ȵȡѵƻٵҹ, ǳ극, һͷ̱ϡ𴲺Űǻ, ¿ʼѵ
һĩҹ, ΩһһJBľ, һ,30ӵ·ʥ·˹һ, ͻȻѾʥ·˹Ժǰ, һλƷķԱץĸ첲˵, Сսʿ, Ըһΰ˸質? 
˭? ʡɭ, λԱش˵֪, ֪һ, ֮Ů֯ڻʢٵܴݳ, ΪǺˡȻ, ϴΤ˹ѧԺĽʹ˽, ӦǴ, һô˲Ůԡɭ½½սӺͺӸһλ̨, վΧɰԲ,Сʱֻ϶ÿ׸֮,һ˼, ˼ľݳ
, Ҵû, ҲҲĶ, Ĳڰͺԡİӡݳʱ, ˺͹еÿһ˶ᡣЩ˿޳ÿһڳ˵, һСΰʱ֮һ
бǼ, ѧϰʿĻ֪ʶ30, ǳϴ, ȥ鲼ȫصѧԺʹѧ150 ѧУ, ѧУµĲԺ͵ѧУѵסѧ, סӪ, ͬ125 ѧԱס¥, ѧԱԴƽԭͬѧԱס, еĺܶ˶ŦԼеĴѧ, ǽũ庢ǡġ
½նʱνִĵһսŷޱʱ,ӵеȫΪ, ½10% һ㡣1944, Ѿ240 , ռ½1/3 ӷԱ, ˶ѧ߳רҵܡ½նѹܴ, ΪֹĲԤ㡣սһжҪд, ɭ˵, һЦ, ֲ˵, ż˵, ֻҪȡʤ½նӲɹΩһƾǽĸͺŵķɻ, ۺ豸Ա, ûԵơ½նӽӪͻ, ѧԢͷ, ƽԱ2040ս, 30ԪһжսǰѧԱ, ֮ǰûпһжܷɻӵķСڽϸѵ֮ǰ, ½նӰѿվѧԱǱͨܺ;Էսͷ, һҪ30,000Աҵ194212, ĿﵽһҪ100,000 Ա,ҪĳɱĻԱ½նΪҪ100ѧԱܴﵽĿꡣ
ڲμӲԵ˵, Ĵʾǡ̭һ̽еúܿ,50% оͰ, ȻͰ͵ȥ½նӼĽ, ʹڱµ,40%Ҳɳ͸߼γ̡
ﵽҪʱ, ½նӵҲ˱仯19411210, ŵܲıҪ, кѧԱĴѧγ, һʸһ򵥵ʸ顣1942ԪѮ, ´, ѻ뺽ѧԱγ, 20꽵18ꡣһ߼ش̼, һʱ, ѧԱ󳬹½նӵѵ
194211, ˹18ꡣ׼20꽵18,ͬ˾, ֻòȥ, ;ίԱǰǶ, Ƿ˺ѧԱʸСӺʹ𰸡ҪǱĿ, Ƿܹ׼ȷָ
, ĶԼѧͻеܵĲ, ж쵼ǱܵĿԡ
ͨ˿, ǩһͬΪѧԱ½նӵļ, Ҳ1113, , ή, е㵣, Ϊû½ȥ½նӵһλʿѯʲôʱ䱨, ˸, ü, ܿͻˡԾɵġ124 , ֪ͨ鱨, ȥˡڶ, ֡˹ͳǩͳ, ֹȫ,12 13ԺЧ, Ѿ; ողξʱΪֹ, Ѿ30,000ѧԱ, , 20,000ٺıȴѵ½նÿҪ13,000ΪѧԱ, ڳء豸ͽԱ, һֻѵ10,000, , 3,000 δķԱֻʵʵں󱸶, μĺܶJBӪѵ
ڴѧѵֶ, һĵط, λڲ˹ΤеʦѧԺѧֶ300 , 󲿷ʮ˾ʮͷ, ж, ֪߲ŻһȺ, Ƿֶνѵһһ鿼, ĺͱУ԰Ŷͬˡѧֽ, һֲһ˵ȫ֪ʶ, ͼͼĶ, еԭ, ۲ͼƬ, ٶȺ;ȷĸ֪, ԼԼϢ⡣ڶֲ˶Э, ѹµȶ, ָ, жϵĴ̼Ѹ׼ȷӦҽ, 硰ϲŮ?͡?ȵȡ
Ȼ, , ΪؼġĻ˵, Ǿ( ҵ) ԱְҵΩһΪϸһ¡Щн̹Կ˵ǼԽκѧ, ָ, ֮ͨ١½նоķԱÿһβ( ֽĺչ˾Աÿһ),ǽвʱǺܵ, ͨ, ζųɲ˷Ա; ͨ, Լȥŵ½һǿһ: նӵҵǷս, ǧҪǡѵǰѵ, ѧԱǶҪѪѹ, кܶĶ
۾Ҳϸ, ѧԱҪɫԶӡӡӦԺ⡣˿µ۾ѹ, ּþֻеķ, ʹ˶Ż¡ɵͨĿԼ20% ˲ϸ̭, 뿪, Ϊ½նȷ, ǺЩϸ˴һ, ǵľ˺Ȼ, Ծ̭Ըпѵߵѵлеʦѵ1944, ÿB-17B-24ĻԱоһǴӷѧԱĿ̭ġ
˹ϣ˹ĳѵ, 񺽽Աָ, ڽշʱ, һ½նξСһС͵ĵɻ, ̹ٻ19(PT-19)ڷ, ϵ, ξϣ˹һת, ˡʧȥ, һɲ, ǲ, , ҪԽˡ̹˷, ʹɻ¹˳, ƽڻ䡣ʱܿ, ǳɹˡҿ100 궼Ƕ, 100 Ƶġ
ϣ˹Ҫһηп, һ, ǴξԶ, ʼնҴ, ùҵȡ˵, ⹷, ҳȥϣ˹˵, ǴĸԼɡ, ˵, ִ󺰴, ҵʱ, ҳ, Լ֡, ҵ, дһɻĻѵǶ, һƽһÿεĽ̹, ˮƽһ㡣Ŀ, ϣ˹Ǳ̭, ߵѧУ֮, ͨ˶ҪҪѡλд, 뵱ԱԱͶ֡дԱռ, Щ˲², Ҫи߷ʸ, ʵ, ½նӴӷõѡԱ½նӰѵƻʱ, ȿǵڿԵķԼѵ, ݸ˰, Ǹе(1944, ѡӳ½ն˵, , ѡ, ȻǸ, , ŻῼǸ˰) 
ЩͨԵ˵ĸĸӻյһͳһʽ, ϡϢ¡ǿ»־鷢, ֪ͨ, ɰѱѡΪԱ( Ͷֻ򵼺Ա) ѵ½һӵվ֮ǰ,Ҫĳһд,ԱλҪȷж, ǵͷ, , ڼʻʱ, ˼άЭʸʻǵľ÷ɻǾԱҪ, ǵļ̶ܴȳΪǶսһǷܹɹ
ڿ½еѵѵĿѧϰƽѶԸġ, ѧѧͻеѧ, ЩɴѧʦڡС, и̭緹, ܿοʼ̹ŵķ, ŵ˹һλ̹, ˤӶȫһѧԱԳšϡ¶סλܡ˫ֵǽô󶥡Сʱѵ, ÿ˻ҪӢ;Ŷ, һάܵ˵ʹ, ˵, ʹȫûˡ
ʮ󣬻ͬѵ
ڶ, ͬѵ, ĻΪʲôǿδķԱ, һн, ֿʹϵÿһ鼡ʵ365С˵԰ww.isuu.om
ʮ, ϶, κһ˵Ĺ׶Ҫ󡱡
ÿһ, Ķȥ̻áͽ̫ͽҲȥ, һΪһߴ󡢿ֵʦ, һΪʦǱһĺϳ, 75ǿ׳ʿ, ݳ硶ն޸衷ɭеСáİӡĸԭ, ʦĻǴһؼ, ÿζҪ, ը߲ˡ֭ڱͱܡ
1943, ڿ˿γ֮, ȥʥŵվء
Ȼѵ, Ѳ, ½նֻ˱״̬, ׼÷ѧУѵһȫ˶Ա, ԾӵķʽܶഥϷ̹ٽѧԱǷֳ, ķһһ, ʥĸǶӿ, ĳϼݶӵܶܿȥӲӲײ, ԼɵϡЩһӴ, ײһ, ͻʹʥŵ¡
Ȼ, ȥ˶˹˼, ʼѧϰ÷ɻСڳбԵĹز˹, һ̹ܵ񺽵, Ϊ½նӻû㹻ķԱν̹١ĵĽ̹һλϵġͷķԱ, кղɭ, ܵŸѩ, һƤпˡ̹жߵȨ, 
˵, ǵСԿɭĹ۵, ĺܲһ, ҴûرҶǳ֮, ܶ˶ֳ,Ĵᡣɻõǳ̹ٻPT-19,жԱƻзɵİ޿ࡣ, ѧԱǰ, ɭ档
û, ѧԱͽ̹ٶҪ羵ͷΪǲļʻɻ, 12ܵѵ൱, ڰһ
19436 21, ˹ʽ׼ΪѧԱǿʥǵһѵؽзǰѵ, ѧԱȥͶֻ򵼺ԱǰѵšѧԱļУѧԱ밲ǲ˹УѧԱһ,ÿµĽ50 Ԫ, Ҫټ25ԪķвƷɾٵƷ, ֻûоƶѡҪϵеγ, ǰѵѧ, ѧУ4931, ̭787 ˡ
ֶء˹1924ʥ, ļڿȵĸάһ޻ũʮʱ, һбڸάСŵһսʱķɻɫͷ׵ĸͷȸѶȶ, ¼ʱ, ǽܿѷе׶˹ѧԺһҽƴѧԤѧڵһʱͱμ½һѧԱһ, һֱȵ19432,ű½ն, ڰ˹Τ˳ѵ
3 6 ոĸһ, ˹һ: ʵʵǵ糿, ɨ䡢ϰСȻɢص, ƤЬ, , ŶӳԷͺϿ, Ȼѵ,Ȼϰ, Ȼѵ, Ȼ, ȥϿϵĵ, ȻѵСʱѧϰʱ, ûʱѧϰ, ÿǶҪϴϴƤеĹϴ衣һЬͰǵЬʮ顣
˹AT-10 ѵ, ǳ׷ɡĸд˵, ǲעô, ǸĹ̡194310, һηŵɡûʲôܱȵɵһεɵĸܡǷѧԱǳ˵Ļ糿ߵ㵽ҹ, ˹ѵϰϿ: ûһӿ˵Լġʱ, Ҫһܱյķ׼߿շС, 30,000Ӣ, ͣһСʱ, ժ, ȥܡȱǿ϶һʽ, ߸ĸ, ʧȥ֪, ʼոоáȻģ38,000Ӣ, ȥ顰ղ, оصķʪһЩ˻ʱʧѣ, ָġ
ԼG ʷ˹,1923 ֥Ӹ硣Ǹʱ, İþģͷɻ¼ʱ, ʥĸǵﾶ, ԥرһѧԱ19432 ٷ, , ָɵ̲ܺлѵ,ѵӪں̲ߵһҶȼٷ½նѾáʷ˹ѵʿ;һ֦ľǹߵλվڡԲ, ǵյܶྯеĵһԲһλᷢѧӰ, һʦվѧԱҪջ, Ȼ˵, š˶ǰ, ҽվ˵, ʦǶԵ, Щ˶Զ, ǡȻ, Բ
κ, ʷ˹İ༶ŵ˹άѧ, ѧֶĿѵǷӪһŮԢ, ĸһ䡣ʷ˹о,һ־, Ϊ½ٵѳһϵͳṩʳ޵, òһطǡõѧԱ, ڴѧֶѵĿĹؼʱ̵ˡھϲûʲô, һֱ֤, ûб̭, տԿɻ
19435 , Ҫǰʲάʱ, ҽ⡣һ, һѻܷ, ڳҹ, ɡżΡһ, ˻ش
ô? ҽ, Ȼ󲹳˵, ҸΡ, , ش˵, ֪, , ҵûκξ顣
ʷ˹ͨ˷׶εѵ, Ȼ˹ΤǰѵѧУѧĪ˹롢ɻʶ𡢻ѧսߵʹ, ȵȡһڵ1,000ѧԱжѵӵĸߵ, ǰ, ʹЩһŽĸо
ʷ˹ȫ꼶ѧԱǰ, رĻӦ, ʩԾ, ۾ҿ, 
Ӳᷳ, Ϸ, Ҫн߾ȫĸо
1943ĩ,CW Ⲯڵڶɱ, ½Ҫ齨ɱֶӴ㷵طɱ, ǲÿ춼ҪʦȥֶӡʦƺС, ֱʧⲮξ, ҪѵЩı, 
Ҫսʱ, ½նפӢĵڰ˺նִжԵ¹ķʱ, ܵٶʧ˴, ǻΪս,˼貹ԱͶֺ͵Ա1943 ʥ, Ⲯϵһ򲼸, ־Ը, 
Ⲯѵ, ֱӽʥǵķѵķܸ, ʸ񵱷ԱͶֻ򵼺Աڰ, ѡ˵Աڵÿ˹еѧԺܹù̽, ƲսԺ, ǺҪµйʵԼԸ, ÿ˹ʥ˹ϵѧУ
ƽڱɵĸ˹, Ȼִѧгѵ, иĶѵĿԡķѵ, ҲѧϰʻСܷɻһηʱ, оǼͿ־彻֯һ, صһɲ, ̼һ̡ÿڷһ, Сʱ, ЩѧԱͨŵɿ, 1/4 ˱̭ƽˡڷѵ, ѡ˵ѧУ, Ϊ1943ĩ, ЩѧϰеҪƳ²ܿʼ, δĵԱϽѧϰ뾡쿪ʼ, Ѹٽ״̬Ļ, սܾҪˡ
ⲮƽеѵͨλƲⷨ( ͨĶɻϵжλ) Ӿ( ͨر۲ⶨλ) ( ͨߵźŲⶨλ)( ͨ۲̫Ǻжλ) Ʋʲôطѧ, Ҳɿ, رڴ档
Ȼѧϰܶ, ҲҪAT-7ܶСѵҪ20ε, ۻһٶСʱѵɻѧԱһ̹, һԱ, ҹСγǵԵ, Ҫ, ָеص㡢Ѳ߷Сﵽ߷ʱ, ѧԱ, ÿѧɵжǧٶˡ
Ⲯ, ڿ, ̹˵, ͷſϡһСʱ, ˵,, һʲôط, ǴػءⲮǶűǶλ, ֪˷ɻڵγ, Ȼߵ粨ߵָصķ򡣵ƽûλƲⷨ, ɻϵװÿԸ, ͨڲͨѶ, ߷ֱ(ɡ)ķԱ, Ӱ쳯ҪȥĵطɡȻ¹ʡⲮ, İϴҹϵƵԱѷɻɽϡ
19445 , ½նӿʼʹһ͵, B-12󵼺ʧԴ١½նӸÿԱ, Ϊ˱,˶Ҫ
ΪƲá, Ա󵼺, 40, Ըȫ硣
ƽڷһԺ, 19447 31ձҵõ˵ԱĻ, Ϊ½նӵξⲮҪҵʱ, ˾˵, Ѿڼηг˴, Ⲯˡ, 㱣֤㻹? 
֤, Ⲯش194410, õ˵Ա¡
ܺ
19421110ɵ¡½նٵһѧԱʱ, 19, ǱѧԺһѧ19432 ³, ̲ܺԼG ʷ˹һ, סһҾƵ, ھƵԷ, ɻѵŵλıѧԺдѧֶѵ, Ȼȥʲάķѵ, ָ߱, ǾѡԱķԱѵڸ¿е,õPT-17˹ٶ뾡һа취, ĴηпԺ, ̭Ȼ, ˵Ը⵱һͶ, ѡˡ
һʼ, ˿ѧУ, ڵÿ˹ӥڵĿγ, ͶֶҪָλõѵ, ׺ͻβ, ϱߺ±λ,ȥһڹ١֮,ȥͶѧУʼҹϰʱ, Ѿò,,ΪѾ̭һ, ҲٷһΡҵ, õ˾Ρ
¡޽˹뵱һԱ, ɵжʱ, ½նӡѾ,һ˭ҲܷܽԱѵҪͶֺ͵Աɵÿ˹ʥͶ֡ԱѧУ, Ͷѵ, ֮ȥѧУŵıϸ˹Է, 19448 , ۼڿ252 Сʱ
޲ءϡĪ, 19211227ա1941Ŧ߿һѧ, ѧĿγѧͷɻ1942걨½ն, ڽеһαʱ, ҷ޴Ĵ󡱡ӦóΪԱ,ʧˡһº, ˵ڶλ, ǳзС, Ϊѧˡ19432 ±, ɵʲάзѵôû뿪, 24Сʱǡһʹľʲάȥ˹ΤϷǰѧУ, Ƕһ˷ɻȻȥϿϳѧУ
ĪʼСҵĽ̹ٲô, ȷʵѧ̭ˡĹ۵PTܵĸ߶, Ȼת½, Ż衣
ͷ¹һһʱ˿֪, ԶܳΪһսʻԱҷǳͨ20Сʱ40Сʱ, ȥλϿĪФĻѧУ
޲ءĬ½һʿ, ־Ը½ն, ʥẽѧԱġжӽеһμʱ, ʥ·˹ȸӵİŵ˹˹ؾվǰ档˹, Ϊʲôμ½նӡܴ򡣡شõõġĬĻش, ߳սҲõҪġѵ, һPT-19Сڿз˰˸Сʱ, ϲԱ½Ժ, Ǳ̭
˾ټĬ, ǷԸ⵱Ա, ĬҪѵ೤ʱ䡣˾ٸü¡ʻѡĹû? Ͷ, Ҳü¡б? ߵ籨ԱֻѵĬѡߵ籨Ա, ɵŵ˹˾ػߵѧУѧ˷ͽջԭ, һջ, ǳʹĪ˹롣
19Ļ¡ŵĬһ, ûнзԱѵ, ѡߵ硣
ȥŵ˹ѧУ, ѧ˵ӡеߵ繤ԭߵڲԭоչܺͷŴѹ, ѧ۾װһ豸Ī˹˵һѵġͨ, ĸд˵, ۷С
ŵɷǳ, ½նӾ͸һߵԱλáջ, ζû˳㿪ǹ, ԴҪݹ, ĸ, Ҫܳʱ䡣ù, ͵, ҲҪݹҲܴܽ, ķ˶ԶǸӺĻ, ҵĿһĸײԸ
ͱߵԱһ, ŵȥ˸еѧУ, ûǹɰ, ѧϰӻƽ̨Ͽ, С, Զ, ͻǹѧôɶ, ô׼, ôƶǺе˫50׻ǹѧУҵӽʮ, ˻Ա,½նκרҵ
ŵ19441 12մѧУҵ, 2%ĶѧԱ֮һ˾ΪӦѧԱĿ˵, ΪѧϰΪһԱҪ̫ʱ, ͶսҪż, жӳ֤, 㲻սġ
ŵ˵ðɡ
Ρ, رĹ¶ͰŵѾսٽ顣
ͨ, ͬ⽫ڶõµһ졣δ˹˼ʱ, 顣ڸٵһ, ˵ɡ
֪ԡŵ˵, δʱʱ̶̿ѵ, гľ׼֮, Ҽ, , ˵õ¡һ, Ǿ˫еʽ, ʹΪսֹǵİҲѡΪʲôҪȴ? , ΪǸЩδķԱҪǵӴ˹˼, ûз, ùҲġ˶Լĸλ, ֻܴʼӴһ㡣Ϊ, ĵ,Ұ, ʵؾǷпɳķ, һ곤ķ򸾴Ӧԡ, յһ籨, ĸ׻ƶѪ֢, ʮֽؼ, õļڡ
Ͻľ, ͨھӷ۵֪ǽҪս, Ҫôڱǡŷ, Ҫô̫ƽ, һᡪǺûᡪǽҪƷһ»ζ, ҶЩϸڽ̻³ɳ˵, ⽫ǵһ, ΩһһκŮľѧԱֶء˹19436 ¸ĸĸд˵, ƺеѧԱ˽лûн˿Ҫ顣
ĳ˻𳵻ж, ĸѾ, ȫ, ϰŵ, ļء19431031, 𾴵ʦ˻»λжļеϷȹ»֮ҹڶ, ǳһл, ȥ˹˼˲һ, սʱھһ, ʿʹſֺӵĸסķǵİ,ڿ˹лʱ,İѰ, ڼƱ׼վʱ, ˽͵ߡ
, ȴҲ, ǳϻ, ͬ, ûλ
ҿŰŵ, 촽, ſʼҲһ,˱ͷޡ޸ʱ, Ŀ, ӿǻЦ, ˵, , װһеİʧŵ˵Ļɴ, ˵
ҹʱ˹˼糿뻹ý40СʱĲԷС
û˯, ûпɻ·, ûӡ, Щ, ̸ཻķ򸾽ǵ, رǲԷС˵ġӶ糿, Ȼ󿪳ȥվء
սвԷ, ˷ɱ;ΪԼҪ̭ˡɽԷзɵõһΡĺܶѾ̭, Իᱻ̭
ĸо˱̭Ϊǿʼ, ǾͲ, Ⲣζ, ڷɻ϶׼, Э
صҽٴѧԱ, 2,000 , һйԺԲı档Ƕ, Գ˵, õº;, ͻиֻõԡҪС, κʱҪס½նӲϣеκ˵ò֪еĺܶ˻˵, ,ҵľÿһֻҪ, ͻеͶ, ÿһ˶Ⱦϵġ, ̸뼺޹, Ҹոս, Ҳƭŵ
˵ʱ, ûͷ, ȾľЩļһ, ΪǺŮ˯, ȵĻƸ¶, 롣
һ, ŵ˵, һɡǻĻ᲻, ʱ, ǻصϢ, ɷȴڱ, , ִҪǰǶ񲹹׼ԡҪǲ⡢ǡܺȤ, Կϥ϶, ɷҪԵ⡣
뿪˹˼, ȥ˿˹ĿƷά, һǻڽͷ, ҵһλƵ̫̫Ϊŵһ䷿ʼɻ̹ٻ13(BT-13),η, һǳϲĶǿķɻвݸ, ǲ֡
򿪽, ܵϻʱ, , ɻȫ𡣡䶯ٶȳǰɹķɻܶࡣȷȷʵʵķмߵһˮƽҪļȥա
ÿһԱּɡڿƷά, Ŀĵһʻˡʱ, ʧٺһͷײܵ, һ, վ¹ʲԶĵطŻƺ̾˳, ǵǰӷɻʱ, ʬһֻϺ˹д, һλѧԱһ¹ʺ˵, Ҫѧγһ޵·һͬѧS ηʱ, һ˫ɻͬĶڿײ, ˫ɻһλͬѧβ, ·ɻ׹, λͬѧҲˡսڼ, ½նܹڳѧУ439 ڻѧУ, 1175, ڷиķɻ, иΪӵĸ߼ѵʱ, 1888
ּܺҴҲϽоԼһֱѧϰ, ջ, ¼, ͷʱһξĽ̹, ƽ̹ˡӽ̹һս, Щ½նġλξ, һ
ԱԶǽ̹ٵ
˵½ն, ԱǺһе˵, Զǽ̹ٵ֡ȷʵͬһ㡣ϡĪ˵ĵһλ÷н̹෴, һλӽ̹١ֽ١С,ҸǼһѧ˲ٶһ, ڻѧУ, Īؼ, ʼ塣Ҳܴתѳ, һƬֻšΪ˰ȫ, òɡˡʱ, ֪ʲôԭ, ҵĽ̹پͺǰ, , 侲, ¿, ƽװ, ӷɻָ򡣡մ˰, ָ˿, ȵؽ䡣ʲô? ξʡĪһСܰߵȥеʮָˡ
ڻѧУѧº, ļϸ߼ѧУʱ, ༶ֿ, Щ׼ΪսԱȥһ, ըԱȥһءȥλڵÿ˹е˺¶һ˫ѧУ
½նͨۺѡ񡣵һǸݵʱսͺըԱҪ, ȻѧԱʡЩսʻͷ̫, , ½նӾͰȫƺըصĲװõ
ɵ˫߼ѧУ, Ҳѡ, ѧԱԼԸȥսԱ, ǵֳ
׼ȥÿ˹ǰ, ķ򸾺סڸڵķ򸾾ˡССףĸд˵, ŵҶȫˡŵǵһ, ǵΡұ֤ҴûȰŵôȤ¡ҲȾ, ҿоʮȤ, ੲݵŲʫ衣һһθ, ʱʱһɰ, ϲɫʡ
, ķAT-17(߼̹ٻ17) AT-9½նԭAT-9չ˫ս, ϲ, ī硣ս̹ٻ, նӰAT-9˻
AT-9, ѧ˴˫ɻķСһ,ʾɻ̬, ͷ, ǻ¡ѧӷ, ôҹСùطͣ, Ǽ½, Ȼɡѧ˸ֶ, Ҫ, ̹ߵϴ, Ȼصұߵķı뽫ָ, ѷɻˮƽλ, ֻһһֱǰɡǷһν, ̹ٻͻȻߵķ, ʹһ߲̹ҲӻAT-9, ԼѰ·, ׼ȷؼסصĵΡ
캽, ǽͼϱĺͷԱϵһġ·а, ǳ֮Ϊ·ָ롱ˮСĵ֡Ǳʹ, ѧԱѾѧֿ˽̹ٻʹ, һ̶ֹ̨ϵСͷɻ, ģʵķСֿ˷ɻڲ˷Ǳ֮, ȫǺڶġԼʷ˹, ֿ˽̹ٻ˽⵽ѣ, ʵʷᡣڶеİҪƽ, ͵, ʹ۾Э, ʹƽС, ֿ˽̹ٻлҹʱ, ۾ʧȥʱ,ǻŪ㡣ʷ˹ܿʱ,תһ, Ȼصֱˮƽĺ,ڶܽź, ֻǸ, ת, ԡҪҪ, ֱҲѧ˷ɻ̨֮ߵ硣
ѧľǱҹӷеĳѧԿ, ָ,ͻȻʵıλáĻҪķɻ̵, ýɲѧֻ÷պλ, ,˵,, ɻܻڿе, һҡҡڰҹ, ŻʻԱҪֺʵλ, ܿľǳβϵһյ׵ơ˵, ķɻƮСûеĵƹͷϵ, Ͳ˶ĸо
Ϊ¹ʵ, ŵǳ˶ݵĩǹ¶, Ϊǵɷĵÿһ׹Ż, ΪǵǷеֲ
Ŭؽѵ, ΪӢĹڵڰ˺նӵıԼԱĿе֪սʲôġ߷¹֪еΣա194310, ѧԱϡĪڷAT-9ʱ, ȳ, ʱյõѧҪõڼǵİһB-24׹¹ɥ, ʱڽбǰһѵС
Ȼ˵е¹ʶ, Щȴ, һһѧԱʻԱڵҹбԺ֮, ЦԺʱ, ᾡȥҳܿ, ˵, ˶ԱǰߵһС׹,ͿʼǸȥ, ΪǾǳϵĵơ˼Ӻ, ʻ˵, ҪɵÿСʱ400 ӢAT-9ÿСʱֻܷ150 ӢԱʶղŰѵƹŪ, ǵϵĵƹ, ʱԶ볤, AT-9ٸ塣ɻ, ɻϷ, ˵,Ѳ, һܷɻ, ͷ, ɻͻԸַʽʧ½, ֱʧȥ½Ķ
¹ķˡɻ, һĵˤһŴ, λԱΪײڳ, ʻɡʻݵذָ, , ӻ˵, ֻӢ߸ߡʻе, Ҫ,׵Ա߻˻ءڶ, һɻһƬݵ, ɡ, Ľ, Ҵûһ˷˿־塱, УѴ150 ѧԱ, ѵ˵, ҪЩյתȥһƽɵ, ǡУ˵Ӧðȫ඼̭, ֮˵һࡣеκһָõл¡
⡣ǷѧԱ, ÿ125 ԪŵӦõе75Ԫ, , ڹ, õ50Ԫʱ, ȴáֻܾ50Ԫ, γסڻءǶ, Ը߸ĸҪ, ŵҪɺͻաԵòô, ε˵, ֱ׵ذѶˡӹ¡ȥһ·Ʒ, ʳ, ֱһʦҵһݷټԱĹ
Ľҵǰ, ˵ȥB-24, һB-17ԱҲˡڽҵ,ѧԱ,֮Ϊһ
Уȴ˵, ǴҵһࡣѧԱǵϷһֽŷ, װš½ξκͻ, һļ֤ǷԱ, һ, ҪǲμľԵĿзС˹˵ǻ: Ҫ, ҰҲܰء
ŵΪα˻¡ЩµľķԱ½նӶӸ,ĽŲ, ж̨ͨ, ǳ, ǽ뵽޾С
Ŀһ, ȥ˹ն, ŵһȥҳһ, ˵, 10,12 ٴһС, Ϻİܿɷ
˹նζҪȥѧϰB-24ը, ܸˡ˲˫P-70ҹսΪѡ,P-61 ڹѸǵڶѡ, ˫ĵB-25ըĵѡ񡣵, 290 ͬѧе262һ, 䵽, C-47, ҪôͶս, Ҫôϻ˵, Ǽ˾ɥ¡ʻִսս,üʱɡ(õDC-3) 290 ܰһ־Ը28, Щըġ
ֶء˹ͬ, ˡұȥB-24, ĸд, ҵ뷨Զ, Աϣڱҵʱ,ѯԼʷ˹־Ը֪Щѡ߹, ô, дҪA-20, һֽӽսܵĺը, ת뾶С, Ա㹻ΪһС, B-17B-24Ҫһչˡ, Աһ춼ڿС˵ѡ, ҷA-20,ð, ؼҡǱȥB-24
۷ֹ, εľٺͷԱֵý֮ڵڶս, ½նӷԱѵ317,000 , Ǿˡ193,440 ˴Ӹ߼˳ҵ, 124,000,˵Լ2/5 ;̭ˡڳ, ڸ߼б̭ġ
ڶս, ½նѵĿվ, ѵе䷶áƽ˵, ڲսǰ, ѧԱѷ360 Сʱ¹ԱͻԱ, ƽ110Сʱ; ձˡ˺Ͷ, ɵø١ڿʱ͸ľ, 1944굽1945սĸ߳ʱ, ʾ1944P-47սʱڷ
ûκɶ˼1
ҷִ־ɡжٻB-24˷ġ֮, ΡĶʻķɻۡһըB-17бݡԶԶB-17, Ҳ׼ʻͽ, ⻹һЩŵ, ˵ںȽʱûB-24˵ķɻ, ҪһҪʻг˵ִһγʱԺľǿ׳ԱĻ˵: зԱڽ, ۵ýƣ, òûԱλ̧Ϊվķǳлڽ÷Աѵʱ, ŵķĵ,ʹ˼õĻB-24ըѼʻķɻһλи˹ķԱ˵, һֱ㲻ΪʲôзԱѡȥʻߡôüʻķɻء˵: ޷쵰ɻɵһ,òһֱǶҴ򡣡ӷСʱ첲Ǹ顣ƶ, ұ۲͸ֿءս, շֺһӵ˶Ա, ־ûȡջѧᡰB-24ͻȻ, ΪҪǵӦʱ䡣ֱ1944,B-24 ȻǵʱսҲġ조ߡκαķɻࡣ½նӵķԱֲ˵: B-24װڲ졣оսķɻ, Яը, ͬ·ɵԶ졣жٻһλԱָ: ַɻõʱһСܵͬB-17һĳͷûһB-17ķԱԱͬ˵, ھж,B-17 ʧ152%, B-24ʧ133%, һB-24ʧȥһ,Ͼ鷳ˡǵͻ( Ϲ˾ĹʦR ά˹, Ϊά˹) ڵʱ, ׿۶, ǳΣա
B-24ֻһַ, һϵеսʼ,B-24 ׶֮, Ѿںܶ෽˸Ľ, ܵǿ, ٶȡ߶ȡ̡װ׺ȺЧغɶߡ½նӵɻҲˡ1944,սĸѾ͵õķɻˡΪ߳شֲڵĹ졣ɻ͵ȷʵԶԶڵ¹, ͺը, ܱ, Ҳȵġ
1939, ½ն1700ܷɻ1600١1941, ˹ͳÿ50,000ܾ÷ɻ, Ϊˡ19443 , һµĲ9000, һ깲110,000 ܡķɻӢ¹ձһ, ڻϸǴ󳬹19453 , ܹ7177ܺըŷִս, ǧ̫ƽս
Ϊ֤, ½նΪÿһڿе䱸߸Ասڼ, 70˴ӷɻάѵнҵ½նӵ顢绰Ա֧ԱҪƽ, 100 , ǸŮ, Ƿ, ⻹вм֮ˡ
½նӵĽΪ˷, սĿǰսĵ˵ļ硣½նӵսʵֶĿ, , Ե沿ӽս֧,˵Ĳӡͻ,սĻ, Ǳͺըܵ¹ձսĹ
ߡչ110 Ӣߡά˹ĺˮ, Żװ, ṩǿ, ЯԷʽȼϵء66Ӣ, 18Ӣߡ޸صġߡ32,505, װը60,000Ľ֮, 䱸10ŵ50ھǹڷɻǰ, ڶ, ڻβ, ڵײ, Զ, ˹ĵ50ǹڻвࡣʱܴﵽӢ/ Сʱ, ߶32,000Ӣ, 2850ӢB-17B-24ĸ, 󲿷- , Ϊ1200, ÿ涼һѹ, ȼĿ, Ҳڲ߿տ֮ܶ㡣
B-24һֽװ, һڻ桪ȡB-17β֡ڻ档ļʻԱΧǲ, ҰB-24ը, ÿһս൱ֻһըյB-17; ըű˱׼Ŵײ, ڷɻ², е8000Чغɿַʽáĸ2000ը˸1000ը12500 ը20100 ը( ԭˡע) Ľ֮, Чغӵ12,800Ľɻɱ, ȷʵҲʹȶ
ڰ˺նӺͺĵʮ庽նӶǼB-17, ҲB-24̫ƽս,1943B-24ѾȫȡB-17
Щ˵,B-24 ֮ԱΪл䡱, ΪЩ䡱B-17˵˺⡣˳B-24ΪŦԼ۵Ĵߡͷ,һЩڻ, 㽶שĸţԼϰB-24˫β, ܼʻB-17ǰ˵ĳʵ, һᵽB-24Ҫ˵Ȼ,B-24 B-17Яը,ɵøԶ,ͬĻԱ10ˡ½նӵĹٷʷ,ڵһұ׾ѿĴ,˿ȴҲе֮
ҼһΪ,B-24 Ѽʻķɻ½ն֪һ, ѵƻӳκһ, ûѵ, ܻB-24з101213СʱĶ, û
ĵһϼʻ, ʻʱ, ԵһƵľǱ27,12 Ƹ( ڿƽѹԼȼϵĻ)ĸڷԱҲ, ĸڸʻࡣ, νġݸˡ,󿨳ϵһǶгһĿ, Լɲ̤塢, ȵȡ
ûκɶ˼2
Ϥʻеĸ豸, ĻӦ˽ɻಿ, ӵ׵ק( ʱ),ٵ, ԼɻڲһСǰ, ԷɻĿӼ顣, Ҫ֪ÿһԱֵߵԱеʦԱͶ֡Եְ͹, ЩԱԱһ, СòСĵط, ΪB-24û˷ѵĿռ䡣
쵽л²õ, ǰλڿ˹ݵն½նӻؽйѵΪB-24ԱĵڶΪŷս, 19438 1 պըҮʲٵʯ;Ժ, ںըͷԱ, ըж, , Աѵʱһ¡ѵ漰ѧϰʻһܸӡܵķ, ҪѧԱշм, Լڷɻͻ鹦֪ܵʶڷʵԪѵ, Щǻġ, γ̻ʩʹáʵάޡߵ硢ɻƽ⡢ը, ԼԱһְ
194310, ֶء˹ξ˻ѵ, ϶ɻ߼ѧУ, ΪҵƢԸȫʺϵһʻٷɻķԱ, ҲΪСϢ˵, ʹϵɻѧУ, ҲᱻϺը, Ϊʻڵÿ˹ݵ½նӻ, ѧ˵,˵: ⲻ˶ԱսҪ, ܼ, ! Ȼ˿īݵİ˻B-24ѧУһ, ͳ嵽ά޹, һοB-24, е־η: Ǿ޴! 4800, ֮ǰɹķɻҲ450 ɻڵƶʱ, ҡҡڰڵġڵһη, ̹һƽ, ˹ײ, ÿ񾭶̼ܵ, Ĵֱ̼Լʱᵽ涯ܸ, 漰ȼϿϡݾԼѹ趨⻹ȫ
һλԱɵ¡ξһηB-24ľʱ˵:ŵľ޴ߴ硢ĸǿԼڶ豸,Ҿ̾ѡ
ѵγнһλ̹ٵָ, Ҫһն, Ѱŵһ, ͽ˱Ӫ, һλУ, жҺڰϽ̹ҵԼ֡ͬѧһܵڰǰÿλ̹÷۱дѧ, ĵǡһеϱߡĽ̹ξ, ŵʲôϵŵشѧϰпγ̡
ĻĴѧͬѧкιϵʱ, ̹ٽ˷, ŵסĿγ֮, ͼ½ն, Ѿһˡѵ,Ϊмɫ,½նûа, ǰB-24ըĽ̹١
Ҳ, ˵,
Ϊһֻ֪Է˯, Ȼ, һֱС
׺ٶЦ( ֪УҪѧ) :Ҳܽ١,ΪҾûƿЦһ, ˵: , Һܸ˱ָ
׻ش˵: á, Ϊ²סĿγ̺ܼ, ʻַɻ, ͲҪжٷɵʱ䡣˵, Ƕ΢Ц, һҸ, ˵, ûϢһСһҲûСһұ10, ҾͲò15Ρ
кܶණҪѧ, кܶණҪ̡Ļ˵: ɳĺը·һ⻬׽ζȡ, ʹÿ, βͷ, ɡ, αˮƽ, ת, ʱɶ߶, ԼЩһԱûõĶ, ĸ߶ȡܵ߻͡ʲôʱ, ֻҪһ, ԥ, ׾Ͷʹѡ
һ, ׽ҹʱʹB-24ϵߵ, λص,غ͵ϵ,¼ʻȵȡİ˼, Ȼն15Ӣ߸Զĵط, һ˵: ð,ҷ
ʱһܺڵҹ, ûеƹ⡣ļ, ʲôҲǲ, ޴롣
Ǻ, , ˵, ôɡҪôǴػ, ҪôҰ̭û΢Цİʾļǵ, ׽˵: Ҳᷢȱҵ, ˵Ѿ׼üʻʮըҲôġҲ, Ǿֻʰ, ںնӷ۵Ļ, ֱҵһҪλ, ڿзеλ, ǷԱ
뵽Ŭʱ, 뵽ѧõ֮һ, ȴԼˡ޷׻ôֿһ, ûκɶ˼, Ҳûκ֮顣
17ֻʣ
Ļ, , ǺܻġһӻȻ, ׽̵Ķ, ԼҪһСڶ, Ҿȫ֪ôˡ򡣡ҿƹǰ, ܵӺڰֳ, ˵Ҫ
ļСһ䲻˿иսһε, ׸߰ŵ˵: ľսлҾѵжԽ, ӷԽĿϿյлŹĿԾԽ󡣡
Լʷ˹ξĹѧУλڰɸ˹ΤϾ͵֪, ڸ߼ѵзɹķɻ,B-24 ǡ޴ĿԽĽ̹޲ء˹άʷ˹Աڻ, ٿء˹ά˵Խʡʱ, Ҳһӱ˵ĴѧϰǴѧϰɺͽ俪ʼ, ҪߡĽ, ֱ˹άΪ: ǲʱɱǡȻǺȫķСʷ˹ڶκȫķǡҪС˹άŵóǴ˹Τж˹׶ֻһըװơơʷ˹绰Ůѡ19ǰ˹̹, ס֥Ӹ硪ơó档ȥˡ޸־ϲ, ͬˡ
նĹѧУѧҵ, ĵڲ˹ݵֿϡһʱ, ŵ˵, 1943ꡪ1944, ⡰йΩһһʱ⡱γҪڵѧУһЩȻ͡ȫѧ֮Ŀγ֮, ÷, ˿ʱ䡣ŵϴǡסھӪ, ŵȻһס
ڸѱ١½, פӢ,д: һǰ͸ý顣Ҳ֪˭ҺͰŵҸһĩʱ, ܾʱ÷ɿ졣һں, д: ҾȻ, ҼЩǹú֮ǰ, еӶġʶ, ŵڿҸ, Ĺúܿġս谭, 黹ô졪ôںƽʱڼֱͿ˵Ǿġ, ǸϿ촦Щ, ¿ʼˡ
ֿ, ֪˭һ顣ټзԱһŻԱ, λáͼᡣѡࡤŷġʿΪβ, ̩˹ʲͿ˾ʿ, Եÿ˹ݺ︣; ޲ء¿ζʿ, , ԷݵĲض;Լ󿨷ƾʿ, , Ъݵ׸ۡ( ĺ˵:һֱǷɻµĵط,һﱻڿСһ: Ұ) ϡϣ˹ߵԱ
еĻԱǾʿ, Ϊ½նȵ֪, B-17B-24ĻԱڵռɡ( ܺܶɡڷ֯İ, 뷽跨ӳռ),ǻᱻͶ۹վƹܵսӪ¹Դս, ʿĴҪʿ߶ȱá, һսʱƷԱ, ۹վͳ˧ն, һġʿ۵, ΪѺԱսӪڹѺսӪ, ½նӾзԽռԱӦǾʿ١
ˡ߶ƾʿĻķлеʦ, ԿҸݵĲ沨ءĿ䡪31ꡪʱе𾪡: Ҫô͵, ô( ĵʱ21) Ŀʼ, ԱԼһ㡣
ķǵ˹ξ, ֻܶ, ĵĵͶ( ս׶, һ˳е) ȶȽǸʻ
֪ǵ֡ͼ, û, Ͱŵһܻ
һ: ŵ뻳С: ŵ, ѵս˵? Ҫսˡ뻹Ҫʻɻ35, пܻز˼ҡ
Ҳܰȫ, ǵڰ˺նӵһֱӡӽսԱһ, ˵սľһֻС, ŵĸ, Ҫս, ϣǲҪǰһӴͬʵ, ŵԼ뷨Ժ˵: 㲻ȷܷ, ȷһӡҵһ֡
ٵ, д: ŵδκʽıԹʶ˵ûҵж, Զֹͣȡһȥ, ҸӰǽʱ, ڸమѵΰ? 
Ȼ: , Ҫ, Ϊʲô? Ҵһطһط, ÿж߸˵ظšҪ, ôˡ˵,Ҫ, ʱٽһ, Ȼôˡŵк, дŸ˵: ΪΪְֶ, йůĸо֮һŵǰκʱ򶼸ˡ
ֶءФ˹ξһ, ڿ˹ݵղѧ˼ʻB-24,Ȼڲ˹ݵֿϼԱǴӵÿ˹Ļβֱ³; еʦܿˡ, īݵ˹ά; ߵԱɽ󡤶ű, Զݵİ; һв˹C ʩϣǰôԱǻв; Աŵ˹, С¡˹¶,Ҽֽ; Ͷݵĵ, а»ϡ; ʻԿҸݵɯ, Լɪ򡤵˹Ф˹ǶԺη, ȫ½նӷ, ʵҪġǺվսʿФ˹ӡ, ǡһ档ǼȺֻޱִȲƷ¸, ԵƬ˵: Ƕõһ: ҪչԼֵ, ΪҲչ㡣һѵ, ļԱ, ٸ, ڰݵĻķɽѵ, Ф˹ʧȥĸͬѧ¡˷, ʱʻB-24ײɽһ桪ΣղǺС
Աƽξڼ︥µ顣ԱȫءǼϵһ, ס˯ԡ涼һǽͬս19ƽһ˿ξ26,ƽ,Щϡ, ˹ϵܽƽ˵: ˿ϲȾ, Ҳϲ, ȷ鷳
ǵѵڼǺԼ̫֮ƽϿսСлԱҪϰԵļ: ʶը·ߡɺͽ䡢նԿߵ, Լս׼Ķº, ǽӵȥŷ޵, ڴ֮ǰʮļڡǰ˸˰Ǯеһȥʤذ޺ڵº, ƽ˵, Ƕǡȹһεʱ⡣ס, Ըսǰķʱ⡣˿Ϊ, ḻ, ͨҿٵ˽˵, ල( ) ڰ޺ڵº׹밮ӡͬ˿ɺ򡢰˵ݰݡ֮ǰ, ڼѾˡ
Ա֮䷢չһеĹϵǳҪסһ, ʿһط, һط˵ϰ߻ᱻŴ, ֮Ĺϵ, ǵĿ, ϲ, õĴֻ, ŮˡƾͼĲͬζ,ι۵, ţڻ߲ͬѰǫ, ϴˢķʽ, ·ķʽ,Ӽյİ, ĻϲĿ, Ц, Ц߿޵Ķ,һеһС
ѾڳΪսʿ·ϡҪвͬƽ( Ǹʲôƽ) ܹϵǵΣѡÿ˵İȫԱ˸˾ְǲ뻥ǰ, Ҫʵ໥ΡǱһڰŵͬһǰ, ֮ʶǵĹ֮ͬͬ½նӷ, , Ŵ˵˵İ, ԼҪġˡ˵22߸С
ɵ¡ξ, Ͷ, 19444 ڵÿ˹ݰıȸ˹ʶĻԱŵĸʻǸѻ, ڵһݴһ԰¼, ѻŵùǺʿǾһ, ҿ͵Ա, Ǹ߷Աʻ뿪ߺܸô, ܿ츱ʻͻˡһвǾƹ, Ҳˡ, ˷ֱԿ˹( Ա) ŵ˹( ʻ) ӡڰ( Ա) Ҹ( , Ͷ),ʿ˹ǡȡŦԼǺ
1944, 뿭Ļһѵ17, սʱֻʣŷ, ڵ465 ըʧ35顣Ļ19447 22յŷ޵ĸΩһҴġͶ, ж, һս
ֶء˹ϣһսԱ, ɥ, B-24ĸʻ19441 ³, λڼݲ˹ĺջؽѵļŽʾѵǶôࡣ1 3 յ˵: һ, ǾûûҹB-24Ϸ, Ǻæ9 , ҽ10㡪11ȥֿ, Ȼ컹Ҫ𴲡ǿ˯Ͳ¡Ҫľǹ, 㲻¿ɸ, ֻܹ
һܺõıӷԱ
½նû㹻B-242 10յ: Ϸճʱ, Ҫһܷɵķɻ鷳кܶɻ, Ǿɵ, ҴһֱͣбϵȴǼƻúúõ, һκȫķ, ﵽʥǡ;һܶ, ޷Ȼæ2 11:ÿǾ20Сʱ, ʣµҪ17Сʱÿ,ʱ賿3 㶼ز, ϻҪ𴲽ŷɡս֮Ϣ
3 2 , д: ѵҪ, һǱӷСս, 㲻ܱӷ, һֻѼӡϺաغƳķɻƼ¼ʱ, ˹ʻķɻҲøˡ˵ظ߸ĸ: ܴɻոµ, ֻɹ28Сʱ, ߺԶȻȫֵÿǵġ
ϲͬ١˹ȵũ, ԱŵξǱϦú󹤵Ķӡ˹˵ŵǡһú, һķԱͶղķ˹ض˹ξ, ԶݵĿ, ǴʿĶӡѾ, Ӻһ˲˹ԱһֱϰͶ, ض˹һǳõͶ֡Աɪ, ˹д:Ӣ,һ͵С
3 Ѯ, ˹B-24˺ȫĺС3 13дŸĸ, ЩԼľ: ϸǷɹϿȺͲ¶, ɫȷʵмСʱǷɹ˾סɳĮͻԭ
һ, ˹: B-24еĴɻҲϡȷ޴󡱡
4 , ˹ѵ֮, ڲ˹ӵֿϼĻ, ķɻΪԭǶͣ˼졣Ѯ, , ˹ķɻĺըӱӷǷŷ;һվɻ˹ҵũλΤǸʱ, ڼʻʻɻ뿪, طͿշ, ĸţŵͷת, ںԺ̶߳߿ȻͿӹѧУ, ӵĸ߶, Ϊ˸ȡСܵܡúôкɻĺ, Ϻ:Ҹ硣Ȼ嵽ٳָ𡪡ʱ˹ǰȥս·ϡĸһû, ţһû, ȱͣѧ
԰˹, ˼, սԱô档дŸĸ˵: ʻĹҪġ
ϡĪ19431130յһμB-24Ǹʻ, ԱǼķ, Եÿ˹, ǡһõˡһͬϻһλ̹,,¼ǰμ˻ʼҿվ, ŷϿռʻ١ըս, ع½ն, ĪáǺ, ǸļһðĪ, ûжٻʻ: ǰѸʻұ, ԼܵѧһһŲ,ûͨѧУѧϰ, ԳɹĿܡʵ㡱ܶαӷкͶʱʻҾڷɻоˡ, ɺͽ䡣
ߵԱ޲ءĬʿŦԼݵжʶĻԱ, ȻһݽB-24ѵӷжķԱʵ϶зԱ⡣ڿеʱ䶼ѵ, ¹ʺܸߡϰB-24,30 һαӷʱ, ĬӻвĴڷźŸɻϵߵԱշź, һܷɻǼܷɻ, ߵĻ˺롣Ĭɻϵ, ղźͨŵߵԱ, ˳ȥ, ǵĽɡȴһȥ10ȫ,һܷɻ跨ȫˡ
Ĭķɻ, ڻ㱨֮ǰ, ǵķԱǰ, ﺬˮʹĬǲܷɻɵ̫ˡ㱨֮, Աͣ, ΪķӦһЩҲ뿪, ĵԱ, һҹаѷɻ붫Ĭ˵: 뿪֮ǰ⵽ڻ֮, ɵºʲ, һB-24, ɵŦĸʵ», Ȼŷޡ
¡ŵһߵԱ, ɵİͿ, Žһ顣ǶͨѶγ, ѧϰĿϺͼ, ЩγҪĥʱ⡣19446 , , ݴ︽Τ˹ظ, Ļк, ͬһĻ顣
ŵɵķԱ¡ֶξ, ʥ·˹, һŵĸ߸ӡֶ19ξ, ڻ21ꡣʻܿˡ20, ŦԼеĻʺ, Žǲ, Ϊͳ, üʱδֿϡͶֿ˹˹ƥȱ,23 ꡣʿȫ, 1828궼С18İءɫ״ﰲ, һ, Բ³֡Щdem dose( ǡdamn͡doesĹַע) ³ֿ, ϲĹŵɺĻڻһҲ˳Ծ, С³֡һ18ݵĿˡǹ׸ﰲ, ɫ״ﰲһ, ֻԵɡлеʦķ20, ŦԼСһ,˷ռ¥, ĸھǰϻǰĬŵ̾ϲк, һ빫԰, һݵĿ, һļϡ˵ɭ, , һˡ, ,ӡ
, ȫءͬ˻ʶˡеÿ˶,˵ĺĻԱ˹ĻԱ߰ĪĻԱ,Ҷ˸ḻ顣Ϊս,ǵĸطеĴ˴ûȥЩطһҪȥŷޡ
˷Ա͸ʻ, Աǰû߽B-24, кܶණҪѧԱ, ǽB-24ͺѡ˹˹ڡ֮һ: Ͷ֡Աֱȶ, ֱϥ, ͨǰֲ, ߵԼλá, ˲òԼССͶֶұߵСʼ۲ͶҰ, ߾ֱڵذϡԱһСĵϡʵСöǰͼˮϱһӰѻ׺ͼʻշֿƽӹȥ, ԱܿԱ͸ʻĽš
˹д: ԱӢߵըǶɻ,һվֱ, ʹխխĹ, ǰŲʻջŲвߵԱһСǰ, ߵ豸, ڸʻĺ·ʱеʦվڷԱ͸ʻ֮, ż͸Ǳɻڿʱ,վԱ, ǡߵԱ档Ҫ, , վһϡߵԱͷҲͼӢ硣вֺ֡ͻβʹŽλáβվһСƽ̨, ˫ȷŽ, Ƕû㹻ĿռϽɡв֡1944ǰ, ˺һ, ΪԵսвˡվšڸ߿, ̹ǵشӻвڹν, ʹûвֺ֡ͻβֵĴ಻, Ϻ϶һ㱡˪
˵, Ƿɻ˲ҵսľսλá, ϲո, Ȼ½λáǱڷɻ, ϥ֮Ŵءеֿͷ, ûôСĿռŽɡҪɡ, Ҫв֡Һѹϵͳ, , ϵϽɡνΡ
˼ȵĲ֮, B-24ڻûѹ, ɵ10,000Ӣ,˾ͱϲʵƤ, һҪСʱǴŵȷз( ű),һ··ܵ, ȷзͺô, ˻Ҫϼ·, ˲ıտ־ķɻ, ǵĶӱ׾, Ҳܡ
е½նB-24ѵ, ǾŲҴ, ϰ޾ΣյҹӷСŵɾʿĸĸ: B-24ǲķɻ, ʧȥ˺öַɻ, Ѿʧ߼ܡһ, ҹжָӹ١һλԽ¹Ͽ35εϱбеķԱ:,ֶξķɻŵвڶԽֹ: ϵ, ҶܺǵĻβˡ
ֿһܺ, ĿĻԱĺӸտʼ, ġܷûԱ, Ǿһ21ķԱлᰲȫĸʻ򡤡ȶΪһսԱһѻ˵: һսԱ½նƫƫ, սԱѵ̭ˡϼ˵ʻɻ, ȥB-24ĸʻѡ񷽰
, е㵣, Ϊȼʻʱ, B-24սͳת, ѻԱŵҪҪġʵϰļ, Ŀʼ, ΪȱɡһܺõıӷԱûյǡô,һֱ֡
ڵ, ķ˵ĸǶô̸ʱ˵:˵һӼСĻ, ǡֻҪԱ, ͲܲЦǸЦ֡ϲЦŮðռҡĶɫתٶ֮е, ܴӺջس, һӾһȫİ˷һμʷ˵, һȡöôױȵľ޴ɾ͡ԶԶҵľ
һ, ݳȥǰżʻ, ں档ȿŮ, ϴ򿪳ȥ׷ǡסɲ, ˳Žֵǰߡ˾, ոձܿһͣǶĿհѳͣס,
ȶֻ첲һˡ
˾, Ҫһһս, Ҫ֮ҪᡢءǵȷˡȺ˵: ͬеÿ˶ܺϵ,֡ϰ֡ߡ硯͵ġʶŵ,ǵĽñһֻ˺ܶʱšʴľ: ǸƯĹǶϲ֪ĺ֮Ĳͬ, ˵: Ǹ, еŵβôɨ˵ĳƼһ, Ҵûȶ6 27, дŸĸ, ᵽ: ǸͰš, ֪ǽһܳŶӡ
һ¡׹ٰ֡1
19449 1 , Ҳȵĸĸд, ΪһʹĵĶ, ͷ: һȥ, ȶٲĳЩ׵Ļ, ĸ׵ĳ۵㡣Ȼ, ϡǶ, һγܶһǵŶӾһᵽǵĶ,д:ҵһȱȶõ˺һСûбԹŵB-24, ڱӷʱ㡣Ҿֻ˲ܵõôõĸʻǰ;, ˵: Ωһ̬̬Ⱦ, ʶԽǰ, , Խ찲ȫҪġ
ĻеһξǵͶķǵ˹ξͺһ, ϣսȥѧԺѧϰ, ΪһϻʦꡢĶ顣һ, ϵС˵: Ǹ̵, ܺؽ̸
ȶ󿨷ƾʿ, Կֹ, ѾΪܻӭϡϣ˹ʿߵԱ, ôţˮ, ۸Ժδ¿ζʿǻ, ϱһ˿Ϸ, ǻеĶĹһλԱ˵: Ǵ, ˿ʱ, Ѿ30ˡȶʲͿ, ̩˹, ǻв, е, ܸɡ
леʦˡ߶Ǿʿ, Ϊ䡪33ꡪʹľָӹеǻˡ10ϡҲ,55 Ӣ߶һڲ沨ؼĻг, ܶ๤, һο񻶽ϵϷŹˡһӻʲôøõ, ǾǳøһС;ͿʼȾ, ڻںȡķ֡˳ҵСһԸ뾡취ҸˡĹεĺӡ
ࡤʿǻβ, ǻеĹˡ˯ʱһŵĵ45ǹͷ, һȫ, Ŵ̵ھӪͬסһ, ЩΪԲܻӭ
19446 Ѯ, ղһ֮, Ļȥ˰ɵĻķɽΪǸϿͶս, ѵʱֱһ¡ϰӷСҹ, ɳϰͶɳװһըҩһ׹, ԱָʾǻкδԼ, ȻзٷСͬһӵɻһ, Ǳӷɹ۷( IP),תһ䡪ʱ90ȡʹǷɹĿϿʱܱܼ, Աеըǵ˹һ캽ɻϵͶͶը, ͸Ͷͬһط, ǸһĿƭ, ΪĿ겻ǡ뿪۷, תѶ, Ρ޵лߵڻ
۷㲢ת, ǵ˹ŵͶ׼Ϳ˷ɻҪĻ, ĿԽԼʻҪɵֱƽ, ɻ֮, öΡǵ˹С龭ϰ, þͨ˵ˡ
ŵסһѻٱרõľӪ, ǵһһԼķ䡣Ϊӷз,
¹ƵƵ, ŵܵɷİȫĵĲ޵ղӾٵս½ӵ, ܺߵҪࡣԱ¹ռսʱ½¹43% 1943һ, 850 սʿ298 B-24ѵ, ʣµҴߡǵķɻµҪμѵ˾, ԱĽǵӡŮѺ͸ĸǺµĻ, Ҳˡŵ˵: һ, Ǿ֪ζʲôΪѵЩв֮, ˺ܶ׹¹ʡˡҲǳڵĻзӦ, ҲǹֵġòҽԺס˼졣
һαӷʱ, ĵжϰܹһ˫B-25B-24,B-24 ķԱϣB-25ӱ·ɹȥ, ෴, ɻֱ, һͷײһܡߡըB-24ļܷɻˡҵ, ɻﲻԱֻзԱ֡24ˡĻص,ŵ÷,ĸ㡣ڻķɽ, ˶֪ɻ׹, û֪˭ɱˡصľʦΰϢ֪ѻߵӡ˵: һһҹʦԱѻߵľӪ, ʼһһšһſ, ϾͼЩѸѾС֮, ˵: ֱ, һЩĥ˵ʹĿ޺
Ļ, ˵¡һֱΪλࡣ: ڷɻϵÿһӶֻܿšĺ̸, ƽֻĳ̶ֳϡ
һ¡׹ٰ֡2
˽ʻķɻ, ˵, ֪ԱʲôʱҪһ, ߶Ʒ˴, վڷԱ͸ʻм,һ¡׹ٰ֡, һ, ÷ɻڹصĸ½䡣̰ѿص˻ȥ˵, ת, һͷĿѣб֮, ܴɻûеȫԱָ߶,ǵȵصź̸
, ߶ƾʿı˵, Աǹ֮¡İǹͬһС, ȥһصҽ̸̸ȥ, ҽ˵, Ժ, ߶֮Ĳʲô, Ժ, ˵: ǸʱĴٶʲôӡ, ĳ, һֵصˡĵһҾϲ
½նӾϵжǷʵ˶Դ˳ֲͬ, 䵱жڷԱʱʵֻһȺ˵еһ, Ⱥ˱սʿܵѵáԱͻԱڱȥսǰ, ѵڱˮͲ
սҴĺնսʿᱧԹ, ûó׼ӭӿ顪Ͳٸô˵ʵûʲôΪսĿ顪׼, Ȼ½նӻΪͶӲҲԸͶʱ䡢ŬͽǮЩԱ, ǵĻԱһ, Ѿ˸ּ, ױȵְҵܡֵķԱ, һʼʱ͸, ѵɺҲˡΪԼǡҲǵɡӢӡ
ǵȷǡ½նӽǰԼɼʦרҵԱ½ӵҽ˵, жȱ, ͨѵĺնսʿˡ, ĵ˳ӵĻˡͺը䡰ʹ˳Խͨʱơдһ֡ڲսʤĳϵǿо½նӷлսʿǳϲʻһ, ǿױȵĹ֮󡱡
ĺĻԱ, Լǧǧ, ֤սе½նӲǰδеĽ, Ҳõġ
ÿһ鶼ΪǾӢеľӢдŸ˵: ȷʵѾõһĻ顣, ȻһʼǵķԱһ,ԽԽá˳˵һ, ΪǻΩһ, СǾ԰ŵΪɻ, ŮСǿӺӰŵ
19449 , ½ΪĻѾ׼òսˡ˿˹ݵƤ, ŵùϢȶȵĸ״ΪСʱԹβʮġǹ͵ˡǿԸо졣Ͼϲ˰ŵ, ΪͳͰŵ˹ǿҸ, ԸŵĽ˵:Ҳ˵ǸŮ˵! , ס
Ȼջǳ, ǵȶ󿨷ƴһפƤĺնǶ֪һҥ, ҽ䴫֮󡣾˵ǴӱѡȥѲŦԼʹŵ˵Ҫ, ΪɷפŦ߿˻ŦԼʵ֤սе˵˷ܼû顪һҥԡ
෴, ŵ˸ˡӪǽǶ˴⡣Ѿûµĺըܷɹȥȥŷ޵Ļһ,Ǿޡǽ˴ȥ(Ф˹ξԱʻһոµB-24ӿ˹ɵʵ, ȻٶȺ, ٵ޵ʲ, , ϴǹ2500ø뺣漸Ӣߵĵط,һ˼ó̡, Ф˹˵ǵʱ, ûҪø)
ˡͼݺܺ, һǧ౾ƽװ顪һЩ͸ӵ顪̰Ķҵľװ,ִֺġ,ɲ˹A ȶºR ȶ·򸾺; в١дġˡ, Լŵ˹ġıءЩ͵͵óսٻȥ, ׼ںĻĶ
ս
ڶսʷѡɱ, ݻٵķݳԺսǧƵƽ񡢸ŮӺ˴־, ǧƵսʿʮͶʮʱսƿȨ˴ƻԡƿȨڷɻڼϵĽ֮, Ҳڵһսʱ,ΪԽߵǵӱɱĿĽڶսĩ,ƿȨ˸ƻ͸, δġHGΤ˹Ԥ齫ᷢڡеս(1908)һ, дجмľ, վĳɹ, Ҳ¿ıһ, ս˲ױȵƻԺȫĲȷԡΤ˹ֻ˵һ롣սȻױȵƻ, ҲȫȷԡݻǳңԶ, ʤ, սϲͬҵǧƵʽμս, ǶһĹ˭Ҳվڵһսʱ, ɻķ֮һάرĹ۵, ɻʹս˿, κһҶٴηս֮Ҳˡ, ɻʹսǹǹдһս˾Ե, ɻûûֳǵĽ״̵̬ӡ, ǾԵ, Ըı䡣ûƿȨ, Դ־档սҽͨɻͶըӮսսͷ, ¹ڰϿ˼ը, Ȼڳͻʼһº, Ӣ˹¹ַͧĻ⡣1915, һַͧըӢµ˺ҲըԷĳС˴ӿϮ˵¹ľº͹ҵĿꡣս,ը˳֮ÿһսҵ׶ڵʱս, ƻûвעĿӰ, ҲܴƿֲĽ֡սʿԤƿȨսԼҼ¡, ʹһκɹҲʹʤ߾ƣ, ǡӮôʤһҲʧܵһ
, ʾս׳ߡǲΪġи(1921), ͺըԽǵһ;, ļµĶʱȡþԵĳɹΪ, һ֧Ӵĺը, ֮, Ϳ԰ѵзĳлΪ, ʹϰҪƽӢB H ֵ¶غͶһ, Ҳһսʱϱ, ΪҺʷѧҡġ, սδ(1925)һн͵, ɻʹԽŵзҵʩľ, ֱѸٵػз־ߡжһͨ׻, Ϊͼ½űɹҵҪװϹ·ͥ, ĺġ˶лĽվд, ִе, սһЩ˵ĶѪͳͷĿ, ΪǱս˺, Ҳʧȥ˾Եʤ
˹ְ׼Ӵһ, ر˵Сܹѵ, Ȼ˵ڡǡ(1927)д, ͬǳڡԷеȰ,ĹԶԶԽðպ֡ʹʱԶֳ, пر߽ĸ徫, ߶˵, Խ˵ı߽ʶͼ򡣶, ΣաΤ˹ԴйԤ, ҳΪǵĹһսȡþʤĹؼ, Ӷذ͵ս˵, ɻպϣһ
ڶսǰʮ, رǿʼӿнкը, աŵº½ܶ˶ҪվװеҪ, ʧˡս, ǵĻˡ¼, ҼͶȫ, νսԺըж, ҽ䷢չ൱ҵĳ̶ȡB-17B-24ս֮ǰз, ½նӵıر֡B-17һǡбݡ, õַɻϡװ˵50ھǹ, ܳ, ɻӷʱ, , зսĹ, ըΪ˵һ㡣
ȷըĿľǴݻٵзҪĿꡣӢսʼʱ԰Ϯ,̫,Ϊе¹ս, ǸΪҹը, ¹кƽΪǵĿꡣ֮ܶ, ǿֲը½նӵĸ߲, ǰŵ, Ա, ԸȡߡȻҪȷ, Ҳǰըŵ¾ըӦøʲô˵Ƿǳص, ϰ۵ĳɹ,60 ͻữΪҽƿȨ, ǿ˵, ⷽ˵, Ӯսƺը˵, ҡĿǰΪֹԼ豸
ΪʵʩսԺը, ½ն齨˵ڰ˺ն, Ӣ, ɰ˽ָӡڰ˺նӵͺը1942ļʼ˶Ե¹˵ĵһι, չʾһ˶ŷսĹ, ǻδ׼ʹæս1942, սԺըбȽϴ, ǾʵȽңԶ1943Ժ, ܺը͸¹˵Ŀ, ɵĺըĿ½նϣıͳĻԶ
ûдﵽԤڵĿ, ½ǽһģеԼ˹̹, Ϊ½նӹʱ, 194211´ˡըԶȥ: ըӵĹ¡˹̹д½նһȺ, Ǵӡֺӡذʿֱ߽ͳ̥ġĿվǸǼ, ǹȥŲʱ, һɵһλؼ͵ļʦ, ǳ, ǵǺء
ͬһ, Ӣռ˱, ܶפӢĺըתǰ, սը֧Ԯĵ沿ӡȻڰ˺նӻڲ׳󲢽кը˾޴ʧ, սԺըڲϽ, ɿó,½նԸ,ºըЧô, ҲԸΪ
Ͻаը, ӢΪ˷ˡȴΪ, Ӣ˼ҹըﷸ˫Լķ, ʲôʽ, Ǵ¹˵־Ǽġڵ, ˱ս, 1943ڲſʼòǹ¹ܾ޴ʧͬʱ, սʿʹ¹ӳ˾޴ۡ7 ·, ˹ռﵺ9 ·, ռЩռõ˻λڱǵĵʮնӵ֧Ԯ
ڰ˺նӵͺըĹսûʲô, еķʽСոһ, ֻҪͲ,B-17 B-24ͻ, Ͷը, Ȼ󷵻ӢֱִӽҪ鱨ԱըеѧУĳɼ, 㡢áкͲһ, ûʲôԵ, Ӻ̶ܴϽΪڰ˺նûгĺը, Ҵĳ̶ֳϽ, ǵ˵ķӦ¹˿ԽƻĶ޸, ϱսʱľ޸˲·ٶһ, ܹ, Ҳ, ѹҵԿվ˵, ֿɼĽչǼС, 沿ӽŷġ¡Ĳϳ޵ĳɹڵͼϱôԡ
ڰ˺նӵĻԱΪѾݻٵĿꡣÿһεжϷ糡, ˵ǳ, ڴǵ, ˵, ˵ûСʵ,1942 1943Ŀйжƽġظ, ûи߳,ŵǿնġըԱûгɾ͸, Ƿ35ս, Իع֮ǰһֱΪûеͶ, ӵĻ˵վĹģԼڻ𼸺һû١
½նӵĹٷʷ, ܱΤ˹ˡĺղķ˹ؼǵ׫дԱԷԱ: һ19кĻԱˡһĿ൱Զ, , Ҫ˷ȷ, ҪٶȼսҪڷ벻ʱﵽָص, ȥõص񡣼ʹûսеľ,ЩкѯĳҲ׼ȷ꾡ı,һδٸƵĸ˱ɵġ
ȫݻ
˵ķɵʧۻ, ݹʹڰ˺ն൱ߵ,Ϊʧȥ˺ܶ꾫Ӣ, Ӻ̶ܴϽ, ӢնɭԼһսеսܵһԲս˵, ½նӵΣոĵ沿ӡ½նԼռ½1/3,սռȫ½1/9,ȻӢ½նӵľ, еʦָӹٺͲıٻ൱ȫ, رڶɢӵĴ˵, ½նӲսľٱ½бָߵö, оսԱ, ԼһķԱǾ, ս½նӵľִֵÿ, ƽ4%ĺըԱʧ١ڰ˺նӵԱƽ1472,ζųĻԱԶᳬ25ؼҵˡ
Ȼɻܹػ, Ա, Ա, ˡǱ¹˵Ļǹ˵ġоҽж˾̸ʱ, ˾˼ص񱨸, ͻȻͨһ¡֪ǵԼûе, ǳԸԼԸһԱͶս,ȻʧȥһЩˡ鷢̫ˡΪЩ֡Ϊ˹ͬĿĺ͹ͬ˰һ, ໥̫ˡ
ӢըĻԱ˵, ĸо˿վϣ, żɺ;Ļ, סԼˡƵҲԱ, ൽ1943ĩ, žķḻ, ʧ, ⡣һ, аڷ·, ɹشӱ˵ķɻɡѾ˿ܡ, ǻ÷, ֱ񶨶Ϊֹһλڰ˺նҽǡЩͻļ, ȥִм񡣡½նӵľҽڻԱ, ͨһͷܽ˺;񲡻߷ֿ,ӦߺͲӦ߷ִֿĴ,ۺ͸:統ܵսͷڻ𹥻ʱãȻ޴;ⰤıӷеΣ;սѵʧȥ;ͬһĿ귴ըۻЧ; вǾִٵشڻڻǴϵĸо
ΣմʱͿʼ, ɻװ˳صըȼ, һĻеΪʧͻʹƻɻݻ١ԱȻǳķ, ɹĹؼǿԸ߶ȡٶȺĵľȷ, Ҫܺͻ˵зսɻڵ״ΣյӲɹ²еսˡǵϷɻʱʪֳ, ܵʱ亹, ڷзС, ʹ֡źλȱ˵вͷɻΣսһ𡣷ԱͻԱӦɻ˺ͻе, ԼԤı仯
ʹ, ԱͻԱܺǵķɻһ𡣡Ϊ, һλԱ1944дһλԱ, ҵ, , ԱʶĴѻҪ
1943, Ȼڿսиȫ, ɽչ΢
19438 1 , ڰ˺նӽһٷʷҳ֮ΪսһνܳĿжЩȴͬʼжΪ½նӵĽһֱе, ȷ, ܹҵݻٵ¹ҪĹҵĿ,ҲбĶҵ,ǾܹӮսǳźը糧гɻ쳧, Ŀ, ƺá¹˵ͳԿ϶, û, ¹˾ͻˡ
ǵҮʲҪĿꡣͳռ¹ԭ͵60%,Ϊ¹ṩ2/3 Դ19434 , ŵ½½ն˾սоҮʲ, ׼һοдŸ˾Уһ, ½ռĿǰĻ, ͿմȺ6 ³, ڵкƹ˾İɭ׼˾صжƻǡ˳ڰ˺նӴǳӵB-24ը, ʮնӳӡһһըж, ÿжܺը, 36ܺըB-24Я1000500 ıƵ, 311 , 290 Ӣ͵ȼյ, 140͵ȼյЩɻװը, ÿܺը3100ص͡
7 Ѯ, ﵺ(710ռ) ȥ, ڿĵطǿѵB-24гͿշкը, ǻɳĮҮʲٵģĿꡣǷ, ֱԱΪǱ۾ҲܺըΪֹҪֽܵıӷСȷ˴йطк, ˵Ŀշ, ʮǱ׵⡣7 28պ29, ִĲӲμģжר˵, ըڲӵʱȫݻˡĿꡣ
ʮ庽նӵ
8 1 ,177ܺը, 1725վ, ڵ, Ȼת, ԽǺ˹ɽĿɿڴ, ŵĶѻưִĻӸˡͨߵָ, ߵ羲Ĭֻʹ˾ȵ³ȥھҮʲ65Ӣ﹥㴦, ɻ½500 Ӣ, ˵սҿ𡣾˵ֿ, B-24ը½100 300 Ӣߡи߶Ȳ1000ӢߵĻ,ըʹԼͶµըըľ޴ɻƷΣС۸ӵĿϿաڵһӹ, ɻֻʾ´ҵڻ𡢵ıը档ʱ, ŨŨĺڵ޺͸߸ߵ̴ѡطɵʱ, ڵ˵ս׷ܡ
ʹߡɵǵǺϿ, ǵĹڼ
½նӵĽж϶ҮʲٵĹǳɹġƬȷʾ42% ݻ١ô, ⶼǾԵ, ¹ͨ豸ͿٶԱըĹ޸, ֲʧֱ1944괺ĩ, Үʲٱٴκըֹ, ǴӸ߿պըġ
ʧҲܲ, жϵĽ۾ǵ¹Ӯⳡսʧ54ܷɻ, ռӵ1/3,ͬʱʧ532 վսʿЩ˲ȫˡ
ɻ׹ʱ, Щ˴B-24ըɡ, 󲿷ֳսϮԼ½նʧϢ, Խ˴ʱڽѵ, ͿվѧԱԴ˽ۡÿһԱĽ, ˵, Ϊʶһδ۸߰ж֪, Ǳ÷25λ35, ǻ˵, ִ35ʱ, , ô? 
8 13, ӵڰ˺նӽҴĺըμ˺ըλάҲ³ǵķɻ쳧, һҪĿꡣ8 17, ڰ˺նӴӢɺըʩΤصг׸˹һɻ쳧Ŀ궼ڵ¹, ½նΪЩҪĿݻ, ͻʹ¹ƽ, ֤췽ҹ̷ʵ, ¹˻˸B-17B-24ը, Լ跨սƻлָ
ҮʲٺĺܶϮʧ, ½նӼѵ, ĺĻ黹б׼ս˶ˡ1943ĩ, Ĺ㹻ķɻ, γһƿ: û㹻սԱӢĵڰ˺նûôķԱȥB-17B-24ŵ½Ϊע, Ҫܳ194312µ, Ҫʹ½նܹṩ滻Ͳ, Ա֤ڰ˺նܹȫж̫ƽͱ
սնҲͬˡûзԱͻԱķɻ, ½ն˵, ڽķɻ氲һܵһá
սչѸ١˾ﲢ9 ռ½, ŵѵн, ƶ, ʱ, Ӣһսʦռ˶кͲֵ, ѸռǵǺϵİͬʱ, Ӣڰ˾򱱿105 , ռǲ˹, Ӣ˸, ﱻ¹˺˵Ļ, ѷƷī, Ͷ, Ѹٱ¹ռ, ĺɽγ˱鲼ȫļ̷ߡ
Ȼ, ϲ˾СΪ½նṩ˻ᡣӸΧĻ, ըԲμϺըж(CBO) ΪصĺըܹͶɰ뵺ݿ˹工ˡµ͵¹ϲĿꡣҮʲٵʯ͡觺ӵĹߡάҲ³ǵĹȵȶB-17B-24ĺըΧڡսһ, ͺըΪ˾Ű뵺ƽṩ֧Ԯ
кܶ, Ȼ˾ͳ˧ۡΪصͺըԻӢӵ, ڰ˺նӶԻҪ״ӢҪ, Ե˽иĴ˿ܡ, ¹ķɻ쳧ҹԼռ60% ս, ͻں֮ڡ¹˱ȰһսƵ¹ϲǰ, ˵ڰ˺նӵĳصѹɵըð˹ɽȻ, 赲¹Ԥϵͳ, ڸָΪԭפǵĵʮնӵͺըӽһµĻء⼸ӳΪ²ӵĺ, ⻹Ҫڵڰ˺նӶת15ӡ
Щ, ˽Ƕƻʾǿҵķԡ쵼ĵڰ˺նӵǷݱ־˵, ЩɻΥ˼ƱĻԭǷܹṩĻ, ½նӵ׻û㹻ĻԱ֤ըɡ״Ҳɡ˵칥Ĺؼǵ¹ĿϿյ, ӢҲָ, ˹ɽ˵ķɻȫػǸصϰ
ŵ½ᰣ˵Ľ顣10Ѯ, ɭ齨һ֧µĺն, ҪǽսԺը˹Ľָ֧ŷ޵ս, B-25ը1942ըղķ˹סؽȥڰ˺նӵ˾Ա֧µĲӳʮ庽ն,ɭָӡɭͬˡ
11µ, ڸϵǵǺİ, һ׸߼ָϵͳѾ, ıԱԱʼתơ121 , ʮ庽ն˾, һֱս
, Ϊ˳ﱸͺըĵ, ʦǿʼڸָͺըˮŢ豸ԱĲ㡢豸, ټըЩ¹ǰʹõĻƻ, Ѿ޴󡣵12µ, ʦ˳55Ľ( ͿΪͺըĻ) ޸ˮ, ɵľǰװְܵ, ˴Ӱﵽֵĺ͵͹ߡ
, ʮ庽նӵˡͺըӺս,䲻ñϵڶ󺽿ն, ɻԱϽڵڰ˺ն֮󡣵19444 , 21ըӺ߸սӡ
1943121 ҡ, ʮ庽նӷһοϮ, ըг·ʩڶ, ɴ¹վһӺըԼ30˾Ĵж, ҹĻ, Ϊ˱֤װжƻ, ƹȫ򿪡ߵ, ¹ըʼϮ20Ӻ, Լδ, 19˾Ĵֻ, ˡҵҩֱӱ, һȼ1000˱ը, ˺üڲŻָۿڵת
ӭͶս
ӭͶսʮ庽նӲλǿʼ1943ʥǰ, ִ˶λڰ¸˹÷ʩعĺը, Ѹϵİ½ˡЩ, ʹµĴ״˹ը׼, ʹڵƲʺ׼ȷ׼Ŀ, ˵ܹϣ2 ·, ʮ庽նӺ͵ڰ˺նΪŷ޵սԺըһЭͬսڰ˺͵ʮ庽ն׼ڰµʩ̩ķɻ쳧гʱ,Ǹڡڵһ,֧նӵһǧܺըը׸˹¸˹ƶغ˹ͼ, ⴴһ¼ɵƻ˿ľսʧͬˡƼ¼һ, ʧ64ܺը,ʮ庽ն33ܡһ, ʮ庽նӹʧ90ܷɻͻԱ
3 4 5 ⼸, ʮ庽նڵȴʱ, 15ȫµAPS-15״, 桱, ŲԱ19444 5 , ʮ庽ն230ܺըϮҮʲ, ǰ˸ºһα4 15ա24,Үʲٷ˶οϮ, һ״ó19446 6 ,ŵ׵½ʼ, ʮ庽նٴοϮҮʲ, Ȼ6 23պ24,7 9 պ15նԸн˺ընʧۻ, һ10B-24, һ14, һ20, 7 µĺըʧ46ܡѾһ֧ӵ200 300 ܷɻĺնӵĳ1944ϰԵзļκը̫ˡͬʱ, ڰ˺նڽ֮ǰΪӵ½׼, ֻԷ·Ŀսը, ǽкըʱ, ҲͬĴۡ
ڷж֮Ϊת˼ƻ, ⵽˹Ľǿҷ, Ե¹ʵʩսԺըȡԷͻ𳵵Ĵ, ɭλ˹Զ˾ʵʩת˼ƻΪ, ըըǰԽ, ЧԽáҵ, Ұɭ˵ûʱפŷ޵½նӵȨ, Դְв, յõҪĶ, ҲΪռ졣6 8 , ˹ǩһ, ִеս, ڰ˺նӺ͵ʮ庽նӵҪĿжϵ˵ʯԴһ, ҮʲٺطͳҪİӡ
ôʹ¹˽Щͷ? ôǵĹ? ǴĶõս? Ա? ? ̹˺Ϳ? ҩ? ½նӺѻشЩ,رڶԵ¹˽һ, ٶĴ֮, Ǹо¹ָܻԪ
ʲô¶ûз¹൱ɢǵķɻ쳧,1943 , ݹƵ¹˾սս, ¹սԱġ¹˵ļ֪ʶͼǷǳܳ, ˻ƽսME163 ƽսME262 ȻԷɻ쳧˺ܶδ, ¹˻19446 ·( 19432 µ1016) 2177ܵ( ) ս,9·ǧܡصв,ʮ庽ն7 ·һϵпϮ, Ҹ۵׷սȷ, Щжݻ950 , ȵʱҪ, ӡ̵ս
гĿϮ˲Ա, Ǽû赲סйҪǵĵطȷʵ, ¹װ1944, в°ߵø졣͵عҡŲжŷȡ֮͹
ʯһҪ⡣Үʲ˳ҪĿ, ܵ˵ʮ庽նӵĴ4 ¿Ϯ, ¹˿ʼһµķʵ, һЧáۺʱǵıϵͳʾʮ庽նӵĻ˹Ͽճ
Ƿȥʱ, ¹˾úըҮʲϿǰʱ, Լ40,ȼͳΧٸ,ըɵĿϿʱ, 󲿷ֵѱסˡʮ庽նӿʼø״ﵼ豸Ϊ, ߴȡ¹˵ĳҮʲںΧӸķʩ, ͬʱҲʹս, ʹóǳŷ޴½ϵĿꡣڵڶλάҲ, Ҳһܵʮ庽նӴͳڵһλǰ֡ʮ庽նµļ, ʹʯα, Ӻըİȫ, ʵָȷĴ
19447 , ʮ庽նڶɢŷͳοϮʧ318 ܷɻԵʮ庽ն˵һ, ʧıҪڵڰ˺նӡȻ, ½նΪ, رʹ״ͻ֮, ¹ͳʧ޴󡣿ɽûô, ȻעĿʮ庽նӳϵĴոıҮʲٵһ, Ե¹˵Ѿûһôˡֹ19449 , Үʲٵĵʮ庽նӵľ59,834˴, Ͷ13,469ը, ʧ350 ͺըʮ庽նӹִ20ΰĺը񡣺, ЩϮض˵¹180 ԭ͵ĹӦ8 30ռҮʲʱ, ˱Үʲͳ, һƬ档ǵʮ庽նϵĴĳɾ͡8 30, źռȫ, ͻȻıսеתʮ庽նӴһȤĲʱ,Լһǧ½նӵľϿɡ,ץսЩڿ˹صսӪķ²Σ֮, ǻ򱻳¹, ڶϴϺܳʱܻؼҡһսղķ˹A ԶУ, ҪԼ⡣һME109 ɻϻ, ߵС˵ҼһӺ˾ɻֵǵƷԱɶξȥΪСɶݻԶ͵, 跨ȫ䡣Զ̸ִһӪ, ʮ庽նӽ56B-17ըΪ, ÿɶʻһP 51( ΪûME109 ʵȼ) ˹ؽĻȥ¹Ƿѡ,B-17 ʼ롣ս˷ܵԸ, ˺ը,20 ˳һܷɻ, ɻ1274ӳʱ䡣, ǶҪһʭ, Է, ҽԺбҪ, þ̤˷·
ʧ
ʮ庽նӶԵ¹˵ͳдɵʧ, Ӿ˵¹ٵΣ, зϵĶȱΣıԵɴͳ˧ء˹Ƥ¼۹ڲ˵: ʮ庽նӵĺըĻ, Խ˹ɽ¹ĹĿʱ, Ϸɫ,Ҽÿ춼ܿսסڰ˺նӹ쳧, رǵ¹ڵ̹ˡͷɻ, ɵ˵ĹӦȱ⡣սԺըڽб,˹ֹЩ,ͼͨҹнпֲԺըʹ¹Ͷ뷨
ʧӡ1944ļ, 2100ܲμжͺը, ڰ˺նʧ900 ܡʮ庽նӲж1100ͺը, սıߡ¹˱߻Ҫ, ɴ¹վսʧ, 6 10мÿ´31,00044,000ˡ
P 51Զս, 1944пʼ, Ըըṩֱըصȫ̱Ϊɵ¹˵Ĳʧ˾ԵĹסһЩʷѧΪP 51ĳ, ʹսԺըжΪܡ⵱ȻЩ, ¹ٵϡҮʲԼطĿϮ, ʹ¹˵ϹӦӦսҪ20% , ̹սѵ, ѱɵ¹ﵽݳ顣¹Ȳӵ˴󲿷ֿ, һ֧ľӡ
Կվ˵, Ϊеɴ¹վò;, رڷԱѵ׶, ѵʱֻпļ졣Աضȱ, ɴ¹վʿ, üǲˡ¹Ասֻ, ִһսɽ̹١һֱеսΪֹ, ɲӵеһϵ, ¹ֻܿǵķڻǵĳСʶ, Ҫֹ˾ըĿըǲܵġǵĿ˾, ﵽһ̶ʱ, ʹ˾ֹϮ, ǲЧ
ǵ¹ʿ, Ҳͬˡվܵѹ޴, ѹܼжж߰ĴۡսĲ㡢ִ񼸺ԳܵĽࡣŵ½ͳﻮÿһܺը, ÿһ˾ͻо35ε֮, лĻᡣѵԱ, 194412, ʮ庽նӲŴﵽÿܺըı
½ն, ʿ, ҥ, еҥԱͻԱ䵽ʿ, Ϊǵĺը˵ɲػ, Ҫӳս˵б, Щ֮ðѡȫ, Ϊڱڼ, ѵشһʱ䡣ʾ, ЩԼǲȷеġըȷʵΪ, Աѡ񡣼ʹԱӲЩҥ, ɻʾʿεͳĺͻԱԼ油ͺڱԱٵľ档
19449 , ļ455 ը741 жӡӰ740 742743 жӡڸ, ʥ455 Ӻ404ӹһ, Ƕ304 ըӵɲ֡455 ըӵĻǡͺա, ɺֶء˹Ṥơͺצץһը¾Ǳ, ڻԱмп˵ϡӵβ־ڴֱȶɫɵȶͷϰ벿, ǺɫʯΡжӵķڷ,740жǺɫĳ,741жƬҶӵޣ,742жǺɫԽߴ,743жǺɫˮƽӡڻͿϺ롣ڷɻϵصȷϹĴӱʱ, ЩǷǳбҪ
455 ӵĵһ˾ǿ˹A УḻķԱ,Ѿ16 ϵķо顣ڵڰ˺նӼʻB-24ըԽ¹ϿաɽɳǺɳĮĬ, , ĲϲܵŸ̶һ鱨Ծʱ, ı﷽ʽ: ð, ҲҪռˡĴ˾ȡ, ȡ˵һ仰ʴӲμսжǰսָʱ, УΪӵ, ʱսԱ˽
194411֮ǰ,455жӹִ139 5 æһ, 21񡣴ӹɳ745 ܴB-24ըĿ, Ͷ1630ըʧ޴, Ϻը8 ĩ, ٵ˵սǴв, ¹ʺ͵¹ܵķ( ͨ88, ʱ105 ) Σա
4 ·, һ, ڻһܷɻ, ȴʹB-24׹ķ˹ξһܵķԱ, ˶ξһܡһֶʥ˹طŵ۵ĺը, ʯαӷ, ˹صB-24һܺըĻ·С˹صķɻһڵ, һŷը, , ɻʧȥơ󷭹, ɻ޷,, 뿨׵ķɻԻһ𡣡ƬĴȥ, ܷɻķȽ𡤹ѷ, ֻһ߽ɡ򿪡20Աжʧƽʱ캽Ա״ξú͹ѷһ, ĿĻԱʧٵĳ, ڷ;һֱ档
19448 , 455 жִе100 , У304 վ˾ս١ÿ˹ѧıҵԼǰ¿L ˹ŵУһ, ˹ŵǵҲܴ
ľҪս, 6 5 ź6 6 ŵ׵½Ժ, ÿһĲս, ½ءϻ, ǳսԵʮ庽նӵĵ˵, Ǹڰ˺նⲻΪģ, иעĿB-17ը, Ϊ߶Ӣս۵ĹעսۡӰǼס˹ͼΪڰ˺նһB-24ажڷ( һ㱻ΪǾԶԱ) ˡǲҲ͵ڰ˺նһй, кö಻ú, ߰ϡ³ֶءʿءʹڰ˺նӵΪ㷺
ڵʮ庽նӲμжһʱ, ӵ3544B-24,1407 B-17,1756 B-24624 B-17սб䡣
Ǵûսʽ
1492, ˹иײΪһ̤´½ˡԺİʮ, ǧ1943ꡪ1945, һٶˡ˼ͥ, кܶ˵ĸĸ游ĸŷ޵ط, ޡ޳Ҫ, зۡǲʼ, Ҳռ, ǰе¹ǹϮ, ѵ¹, ҲѡԼǵŷ޴½֮ǰ, ˸ոƷСīͳ, ҵ20ͳµĺۼī᲻ϣջ˹, ȻǺ޴ѡһմĹԼḻũĹ, ˶, ڶƷʳͺþ, ҵĽ, īһʵû˵Ĺ, һʲôҲ첻˵Ĺ, һӽ󼢻ıԵĹҡȫе, ǿǲξ, 뵱Ȼϣʹ֮С1943, ΪһˡŮͺӵĹ,Ǽڼꤡȱҽҩ״,ҳʹࡣ˴СһƶɢĹ, ֱ, Ŷīɵһƶϴᡣ
īû, ¹ˡ1943˾½֮, ¹, ˼жеʳ, иֳ( ĻƳ) Ʒ, ֻҪܴߵġ
19449 µһ, Ρĺͬ鵽ǲ˹ۡӼװ, ǿʮкŶվͷ, ˫ŵӢﺰšűȡ¬˹ǡ, ߡϲǰ, ߡǡϵ˸հ쵽ڴ,,˵: , κ˲κζЩӡЩСꤡǰһ, ʿǹ, ˮȥ,˺üǲٷǵЩ,ΪǵĺӡҪκζ˵κζļ, ǡɫ԰, ϸĺӡ, : ҵһۼڼԵˡǲ˹½նӻ, ĸͰΧĴ, ѰܴؼҸӵʳ
ʿ, Ҳȱʳ, û˵, ǲ˼ĸԣǵƷӵҪõö, Ҳȵ¹ӵĺúܶࡣǷ·ʳ͡ճɻҽҩǮӰͷӳ, ȵȡ
˻ᷢԼĹҲ޴, ѴеҲˡƽξ, Ϊ455 ը741 жӵһԱ, һж, Ҳǳ˴, ƽ˵ġƴǻӵͻ˹, ǴһӢδɹкǲ˹, ҵȷˡֻǶԾٶ, ʿȴˡƽ֡Ӣ˶Ծ١ʿֵ֮ĿȫͬΪһ, һ˽ͷȲ, ͨǸͷȳ˿Ԥݳ޴ʿɳһڴ˯ʿ豸һ, ΪǶ޷ܵĳ
ġƽ½նӵĲԱ˿ᴩ, һֱ, ԼӢ￪Ļ, ڸϷԼʮӢīᷨ˹Ķ, һ, ˾Ƶըֶӳˡսǰ25,000, 1944ڴ˵˿, ûһӡһ˼ǡ֮, ҲǡCheerios( һֹʳƷע) һʵĴԴӲ,,Ҳͨķ۵òϡ˰Ӵڵ,Ͳֵȥľͷѵض,ʱˮ©ȥ600 Ĵ, ȫ֡ݱ˵, Ωһһְ취ӲĵطȻ, īΪľӺľԴ, 1944, û˵˵Ҫũҵġܵ˵ƽ̹֡, 1944꼸ʲôҲû֡չܡ˵
һλ½նӾҽ: Ǹˮ, űԲɲӬӴۼֵĺģǵĳ洦, ΪûˮϵͳͲںһҵʳͳ, ʳԴӬˮ굽Ű, , ⡣ûҽҩ, ͯʾ, Ƣָ40%,űǶͯΪһֱڵ, Ƕⲻвάȱ֢νԼļǡΩһ, ȫְ
һϵĳС18636 29, ִĴѾʼ, ʱս, ޲ءE ľͦϦ, ׼ʼ˹սۡõԲΰĿ, Ա10Ӣ֮ܿĻ: öһԲǰ, ȷɻûƫ뺽ߡֱ21, Դڴ, ӹ֮Եø
ǿַ, һսڴ˷Ԫǰ216 , ̫ĺ, Ϊʳ11ӢĿ, ԳһľӰΧ, һ֮ǡ˴ûһʷĽ, Ҳûм׷ݵ18ǰĹս,˵ǧǰżһλ456 ըӵķԱ޲ءS ˹ξ, ι۹, Ȥ, дһεĴǡ
¹˳, Ӣq ڰ˼žɨȥ֮, ϣս֮⡣޷⡣19441 , ½նӵ, ǰĵһҪĻ, һ˼ж籩ʹ˿ʼĵֳ֧;ʶʹǧ455 456 ըӵ˽ء̵ľγһ, Ӵ֧豸ȼϡըҩʳƷҽҩڱƷ, Щÿ춼ˡǿʼ˽˴̵ķʽǴûȽϵսʽ
ҵ˼
21Ļ˹W У741 ըжӵһζӳ1944ʱ뱱ߵǰֻӢĻ1943걻ʮ庽նӺը, ¹˷, ھܲ64B-24, ¼ʻеһܡûӲͣƺ( ͣܵ),ըҪôⰤ, Ҫô׽ŻβССܵϡ, Ա跨ɽ䡣ǰ̲ͷصĲ, ǵʿ, صĺը鵽СB-24B-17ֱӷɵ̲ͷϿ, ĵ沿ӿ˾η¼ǵǡһ˷ܡľ, ըȺĿǰչĿĺ󷽡
Ϊ˸B-24B-17ṩ㹻Ŀռܵ, ƽĵط, ʦΪ4800Ӣ߳ܵϸֵ, ҽ컬еӲͣƺû鷳ȥ޻жԺըά¶, һʼսˡ
456 ըһũΪ˾שĽΪԱļҺ͵ԱͶֵоҡ
455 ը˾ܵһ, һĲҵһ, ʧޡָӹסһũׯ, ҲڶԸ鷢ս򱨡ⷿʯͷݳ, ûд, Ѿһֳ¡ǲòɨķ, ɻʱҪʭҺҲӰӳҡ
741 жӵ¶ӳӲҵķʽ743 жӵĶӳһȲ֡ȲϲһᡣԱһСĴ, 743 жӡɶֵ,741жһ˾پֲ, һʿֲ, ľ, Ͽ, ڲ, ˢˢ, ֽһ, ͽٵס
һʼ, ʿ˯ڽϰĴ, ЩԭǷB-24ը˵ġ˵: ޷־סǲòŶӵǵĲͺ, һꡪǳе¡Ǿ͵õꡣ¹õص͹һʯʳáڴ˹, ֪¹˱ڵΪ: һ, ˳֮ΪĹ򡱵ĵ¹㲥ԱǰĽĿ, Ϊ֡˵: 741 ж, ǿ潨ʳˡǿ϶û
ʳ, ǻ깤ǰը¹˴ûը( صķӢС鸺, ΪӢڰ˼žķ)
Ĺƺ֪һСߵԱ޲ءĬʿ742 жӡ1944괺, һ, жӡǡ̡, ǵĻβռǡִһ, ME109 һʧȥһĵӷɻըԱԱܱʾͶME109 ѺB-24ȥ,һһܡԱԱ, ս, ȫػء,Ĺơ̡ĺըǵ¹սȿǵĶжӻλռ, ¹˻ǶǡĬ˵¹ܵõ鱨뿪ǰ, ֵ̨ͻǽȥ
1944, ޲ء˹ξ744 жӡǱֹͺͺʪĵϡǱȥڼӲʪĵϴ, һȺͯӾ꼾˵Ļ, ʹֳΪ󡣡˩ϵӹ̶ס׶εһһ, ÿסĸٻʿ˯۵,ë̺һֻ˯ǡڲĴ,ж˵Сӡ
ʱ, ˶һڲ, ͻ©䡪19441945Ķ˲ֹһѩס߷һеĴ, 55װͰһ, С¯ȼϾ, ͨһӴͰ¯﹩͡ǻ¯ӵײһСͨ硣¯յ̫, ͻܸ, ̵γ̲Ż, ̴, 䵽ϡճĶ©øˡ
ذءΪס, ͹´ˮذ塣һʯ, ȻһˮࡣȶȺġķǵ˹סһ, ռд: ˯, ûе, ûˮ֮Ǿеˡһмĵݡ1944114 , ռôд: ǵе, в¯ӡ·, ǰš
ġȺǵ˹Աߵõø, סǿ35( ȻͿԻؼ) ϱĵһеһԱʱ, ڼʻһŵġն硣ȵʻԱ, ٶȺܿ졣˳֮ġֵɳ, ѹһһ, ס˽˩,˺롣¯ŵƷܡ־Ƭ֡, һͽϴķԱ, кص۴, 25ꡱ, ߹֪, ǻ¡ձξŭ: Ĳⳡս, ھɱǡȺʣµʱһ񡣡, , ЦЦ,Ҵ741жӵ̵ķʽ
Ȼ, ȵĺֲֹͣճ¼֮ûõһ, һ55װͰ, жĵĻ, Ȼ: лϮ!˶ʹŭغ,, Ц
ǵ˹ͬ, һ־ְļʦӮսĹ, ֻԼ, Ȼ󾡿صֻܶ, ʼѧϰ, Ϊһʦƺ޻̸ǵ˹Ŀʱⶼдļš豸ڷ˼Ҳܶ, Ҹŵдšʼս֮,дһ, ԱΪʲô, ÿһִֶйŵ֪35ħֻҪ35, ͿԻؼˡ
1944˱ŵѾõкô, ҲԵĲ㡣ͨ, ֵһĵĻ顣465 ըӵķԱɵ¡ʱ, ˶: ǻĵ! ͻԱסԭڸξԱ, ڿ鵽ǰձ䡣
ǳԵʳҲĽ, ûнӽϰߵı׼ҪԴ, øʽ, һǽ衣ôЩ, ǴʧͰп, ۺͼ, ɵ, Ҽֱһģһɷġȴ͡, ΪʱǵҪκλ¶ܱ仵, ʲô취ڻʵ, ɳʦ,ֲ̫,ֻʺƬüġʱ, һ,741жӵƽξΪЩԲ˵Ŀ޷ɻ, ΪЩѾ𤵽һ̶ˡ
, йͷʳƷ÷, ڷϹͷϼȵĩӲ, 󲿷˹ķ, Ϊ⡱񼸺ÿһеԱһ,½նսʿҲῴ˹ķ⡣ʹڸ߲Ҳˡս, ɭ÷˾ܲ, лǵ˹ķ, ȻЦŲ˵: ǲûбҪôȥ? 455 жӵһλҡԳơũ˵: ʦǻʱ, ǿ, ׸, ڶڱ֪ǴĶõô, һǳͰͰ! ˹ķ, ˹ķ,˹ķͿ֬! 
, ˹ķƷάҲ㳦Թһº, һ׼һֽ, ֹͣըάҲ, Ƕ˲˳ǵ㳦Ļ
Ф˹ξڷɵʱ, ɻϴ2500ø, ûһҪ˼䵽, ʱʱ, ʮеȥ, ·ߵĲ͹, ȻԴ˻һû, мķѽ, Ҫһƿ˵ĺƳһ١
òִʱ³СЩ˾ƻص, ȥתת½ӻһÿСʱһ, Ȼʮ·ڵ, ЩصܴϳõĽֶһʮֲֻ, Ϊ˿ĵӰԺһ̨鼮˿ˡ
Щ˲ȱǮǵнˮ˾֧, ڱռǷֶ֧, һ൱һһͦʡ޽ܵˮذ, ÿ칤75, 50һη,ǮͬгԾ,ֶʦ, һխխ굶Скɵ¡ξע⵽: ۶, ܶӻÿ쵽ʦǶһ˵ʽΪϴһˮ衪ûսʿȥĹԡҡԴë, 25
һоĵطĴ, Ǵֻкɫ·ƶǴɫɫʰ쵵·˼, ߴڼԵǿڵĸŮųɳ, д, һСľƷ, ۵ġ֮εʳءҲע⵽Ϸӵػǳϸ֦, ȼϡ½ӵսʿᵽϴ·ϼ, صŮ˾ܰ·ϴɾɡá
ƽξȥǶһǵʮĹ, šɰĺ۾ὲ, ڸʱѧ, ҲѧУѧ, ˡ: ˲κʽϵ, ǰᶼҪٿһͥ顣Ǻĸĸ׺סһ𡣼е˶սˡŮǽ, һǷҡǺҴûеϡʱʱһݵǿԽ, ֮ʲôС
ƽ, ͥͶǵáöҷǳҪսԵһֲ, ҵ˼顱дŸԼĸ˵ǡһŮ˵·Ǻļˡ˼, һٴҡ, ƽźز˵: ûжõһһʱ䡣
ʿ͵ظŮ
˹ޡ³,30 , , 뿪, ڻһ, һλԱҳĸ͡, û, û, ûзѽ, ԼƵ, СԼֵ, ˳Եúܸˡ³޵ĸ˵: , óԡǽ⽴档ڶ, һŶ, ˾ж100 ޸⡪ءţ⡢Լزٵ˹ķ⡣³˵ˡǴ˸ԣ21Լɪʿ, ǵ98ը415 жӵһB-24β֡ǴӵĻҲΪһʱڳĺ, Լɪ֪¼ѡһмŵľкÿڶɨ, ӦҪĹ, ֻΪ˰СкļͥŵĸΪϴ, һŵżҲ, ΪԼɪ̡
742 жӵİᡤƤϾʿȥ̽άͼƤǴ, ĸס׺ͽĴׯһӵĹ㳡, Ǿָ: Sono Americani?( ? ) ش˵ǡȥҵҵ, ҴˡҴ֪ôݡʶҵ塢, мλֵܡ
Ҷܸ, ӵ, šҿҵĸ, ʱѾ90ˡҵһҲһμ§˵: Figo mio( ҵĺӡ)һ˵ʱ̡Ҳôϳҵġ˵Ҹ׵, һ۾Ϳ˭ƤϷַǹʳǡȡ̵ȵȡЩӾӺ繺ġ
˹ơ˹1928, ǼŸġĵ繤, ûˮĸСкϴȪˮ1939Ժ, ȫûΡû, ţҲûСΪһк, Ҫг10ﵽһũȥΪһСøţ̡ļ, ٻ߸ûк͵¹ռ߽, ¹ҲûиʲôӡȻ,ˡһֲ˼ķʽҵ顱˹л½նʱ, ܼǵڡڡ·24Сʱϵֶ, ա̹ˡҩ, ʲôСȻ, ˽ǵĻǴ, úüҺָӲ, ȵȡǶ˺ܶණ, ˹跨һ̨ԼһЩҷ²Ʒ¼·硱, ˡǰûĶ,סյ֡һ,ϲ
ʿ͵ظŮ֮䷢һЩʷ, 100 ԽˡкܶŮ˳Լ˹еļ, ôĹǰȥ,ĵ¼ˡ½նв,Ǵò, ˹ô˵ġ˵: ˵һǲⷽԡõԶһǰˡ
ʳƷ, ˴ĵһֶǷǳ׵, , ˼ذ,׵ţ̡ڶ˹ӡ̵Ķǡԡϰڼľպһ϶, ʱкɡ˴˹ķ⡢͡ɿ, ܶණ˹, ִ˵ġ
ؾΪ˹, ֮Ҳкܶ¡, ԸŮɨϴ¡ȵ, Ϊ˸Ǯ, ܵõĹ, ڻ, ڱӪ, еط, ⲻһĹǰϰߵ, һ, кü첻ɡȶġ¡ĸ, ߸ࡣ븾Ůһ, һ, š
ȡ˹¡¬1944һλ25ĸ, ˵, ˵һжǡ, ˼ġ˵ĵ, һֵףʮֻˡǴ˴, ǻ·˻ҽҩ¹ߡ˽֮ǰ, һȺʿ, ǴӾӳûĵк, ¹˰ȫɱ, ʬһʱĹȲϡ, ĹһȺкļݡ൱ΪһԶԭµ¹ˡ, ¬˵: Ƕõļ䡣
Ъһ16к, ڻ, ˵˲ֿԿסšҡ˵, ˵ġǡǺӢǵӡ, ұ˶ķʽ, ȭкԸԱ߿նԴӡΪ֪, Ȼȥ
¡淨˵ʱ, һ10кȥΪǹ,Ҫһ, ʱΪǮ, ʱΪ̡¹ʿռʱ, ¼ǵڿ￴һ¹˾ͣҪõǸõˡʱؽ¹, һͼһʱ̱档һʿòǹ׼°ӵ, Ȼһ̶ˡʮ, Ǹطָĺӿ, Ȼ˵: , ҾǶΪһ
˲ͬһ, ͰΧ, ռʳΧЩͷ, Ҳսڴһʿͷ˵: С, ʲô? ̫С, ̡ܳŵӢ˵, Ϊ׼ͷ, Ϊĸʳ
Щʺӵ, ʿ˵, µ˾, ʳƷͼ̡(365С˵|Www.365book.net)
һλפͶ, ÷ܡ￨, һ򸾵ĺӡսڼ, ĸֵڲӷۡϤչ¡ÿӢﵥ, ִ, ͺһϰѧ, ˵,Ҫ￨ϵӰӢ, Ѿһ˶
, ֮ûʲôۡ2030Ƿ˹ߵ˸ıǵ뷨Ҷͬһ۵, īǶô,Űսǻ˵,, һ˹, ʸһֱս֮⡣īΪʲôô? ˹е˵, , ս, μ˴һ
ǿ羰Ⱦƻʲô, Ҫ¹ս, ڵͺ, ǿСԶ, һЩô, ˯ڷ, гʦõġȵġȻ˵Ǻܺõġʳ, ʱ, Ǩܿ, ȵȡûȥ, ˯ɢűɱ; ں, һ, ĳ;, ȥָʾκεط, ڿлϿ, ðżķ: һ, ͬҪô, Ҫô( ־Ը, ûԸǱͧ) ڶսе, ԱΪǴڴ, ɢӻߺը, ͬʱ½ԱҲСϲ̤ڵϡʵ, ÿһԱ߲һ뵽ɻлڻ, ͻ
ս, ˵: ۺʱ, ҷɹϿն, ཬо, ս, Щڵ, Ƕôѽ: ڿ, , ֱӻ, Ǹûľȵ, ǶĴǸΡ˵, Լ, һֱ֪, սǲӮս, 뵽ըսҲҪ, ûЩɻ, ޷սʤ¹ˡ
½ڷɻϷеսʿ, һϵв456 ըӵĿ˹ξ19441 µףԼ21աһĻ, ξ˹S ĦǶJ ˹ƶºͰ»J շɡĦ˹ƶǷԱ, շͶ֮֡ơǶᡢ顢, ڿʼսеΰðա
301 ըӵʳóԷ˹Զ301 ӻԱ߽ʳʱ, һʱǸһը¹ǿڷ, šƣ͡ľ, ƣԹԵ̸жеô, ɡķɻг, ԼЩըûɡķɻ
ĻԱЩֺ˵Ķ, ÿ˹ʵսʲôӵ, ҲǻǱһ, Ȳشȥս
ڿ˹ĸ, ѡĦ˹ƶºͺշɡȥ, B-24׹١, ˹ͬһĻ, Ͷ˹, ҲΪɻ˹һ51! ʱ, 19447 7 , ĸʻϤᡤ³˹˷Ա³˹ָں, ɻ˻л, һܷɻײ³˹תźݺݵˤȥһܷɻը
ͬжһ,741жҲء¶ӳ֮һ19443 17쵼һζάҲɵĺըýܳʮѫ¡7 21, ķɻںըݿ˹工˲˹б䡣ڻը˲ٿظˡͼתһ, Ĳһתɻܿʧȥ߶ȡɡ°ȫ, еλӽ, 跨ػ, ߽ʳô, ִܵйٵӭ, ˵: ϵ, һΪ! ·غս, ڡжӵʷ־¼˵B-24ı, ˵: Ǽ, Ϊʱǵ״̬ǡرΪʧء
¹ʵµ󳬳B-24䵼µĻߵԱ˼ϣ˹ʿû, Ϳһ¹ʡһʱ, ԱӦòסɲ̤, ϵֹͣתջȥǴ¹, Աɲ̤ʱ, ߡûзɵ, ˻ͷ˹ȥ, 档ɻǰ벿ֵ˶ˡһ, һB-24ʼ, һöըըϡԱһûмȷըǷȥ, ȷûСһ, ըը, ܷɻըƬȫ, ϣ˹˵,ҵ˼Ǳճɻҽ
Ա˹һͬ¹ʡһ, ԱͲɲ˹˵: ûгĶ, һϺըB-24޷ɵСηɻܵͷµġ۶, صԵ, 洦Ͽɻǰ벿ֵ˵
һ, һܺըë, ǿָ߶, Աᡣ跨ӳٵġߡ, ɡ, ȫءеļʿ˹, ˵ҵеλ, ü,Ǵ,սͻս֮ǰ, ½նӵսһֱȲࡣ
˹ޡ³,30 , , 뿪, ڻһ, һλԱҳĸ͡, û, û, ûзѽ, ԼƵ, СԼֵ, ˳Եúܸˡ³޵ĸ˵: , óԡǽ⽴档ڶ, һŶ, ˾ж100 ޸⡪ءţ⡢Լزٵ˹ķ⡣³˵ˡǴ˸ԣ21Լɪʿ, ǵ98ը415 жӵһB-24β֡ǴӵĻҲΪһʱڳĺ, Լɪ֪¼ѡһмŵľкÿڶɨ, ӦҪĹ, ֻΪ˰СкļͥŵĸΪϴ, һŵżҲ, ΪԼɪ̡
742 жӵİᡤƤϾʿȥ̽άͼƤǴ, ĸס׺ͽĴׯһӵĹ㳡, Ǿָ: Sono Americani?( ? ) ش˵ǡȥҵҵ, ҴˡҴ֪ôݡʶҵ塢, мλֵܡ
Ҷܸ, ӵ, šҿҵĸ, ʱѾ90ˡҵһҲһμ§˵: Figo mio( ҵĺӡ)һ˵ʱ̡Ҳôϳҵġ˵Ҹ׵, һ۾Ϳ˭ƤϷַǹʳǡȡ̵ȵȡЩӾӺ繺ġ
˹ơ˹1928, ǼŸġĵ繤, ûˮĸСкϴȪˮ1939Ժ, ȫûΡû, ţҲûСΪһк, Ҫг10ﵽһũȥΪһСøţ̡ļ, ٻ߸ûк͵¹ռ߽, ¹ҲûиʲôӡȻ,ˡһֲ˼ķʽҵ顱˹л½նʱ, ܼǵڡڡ·24Сʱϵֶ, ա̹ˡҩ, ʲôСȻ, ˽ǵĻǴ, úüҺָӲ, ȵȡǶ˺ܶණ, ˹跨һ̨ԼһЩҷ²Ʒ¼·硱, ˡǰûĶ,סյ֡һ,ϲ
ʿ͵ظŮ֮䷢һЩʷ, 100 ԽˡкܶŮ˳Լ˹еļ, ôĹǰȥ,ĵ¼ˡ½նв,Ǵò, ˹ô˵ġ˵: ˵һǲⷽԡõԶһǰˡ
ʳƷ, ˴ĵһֶǷǳ׵, , ˼ذ,׵ţ̡ڶ˹ӡ̵Ķǡԡϰڼľպһ϶, ʱкɡ˴˹ķ⡢͡ɿ, ܶණ˹, ִ˵ġ
ؾΪ˹, ֮Ҳкܶ¡, ԸŮɨϴ¡ȵ, Ϊ˸Ǯ, ܵõĹ, ڻ, ڱӪ, еط, ⲻһĹǰϰߵ, һ, кü첻ɡȶġ¡ĸ, ߸ࡣ븾Ůһ, һ, š
ȡ˹¡¬1944һλ25ĸ, ˵, ˵һжǡ, ˼ġ˵ĵ, һֵףʮֻˡǴ˴, ǻ·˻ҽҩ¹ߡ˽֮ǰ, һȺʿ, ǴӾӳûĵк, ¹˰ȫɱ, ʬһʱĹȲϡ, ĹһȺкļݡ൱ΪһԶԭµ¹ˡ, ¬˵: Ƕõļ䡣
Ъһ16к, ڻ, ˵˲ֿԿסšҡ˵, ˵ġǡǺӢǵӡ, ұ˶ķʽ, ȭкԸԱ߿նԴӡΪ֪, Ȼȥ
¡淨˵ʱ, һ10кȥΪǹ,Ҫһ, ʱΪǮ, ʱΪ̡¹ʿռʱ, ¼ǵڿ￴һ¹˾ͣҪõǸõˡʱؽ¹, һͼһʱ̱档һʿòǹ׼°ӵ, Ȼһ̶ˡʮ, Ǹطָĺӿ, Ȼ˵: , ҾǶΪһ
˲ͬһ, ͰΧ, ռʳΧЩͷ, Ҳսڴһʿͷ˵: С, ʲô? ̫С, ̡ܳŵӢ˵, Ϊ׼ͷ, Ϊĸʳ
Щʺӵ, ʿ˵, µ˾, ʳƷͼ̡
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Learning to Fly in Combat
...from The Wild Blue (Chapter 6) by Stephen E. Ambrose
Learning to Fly in Combat
The AAF policy in the Fall of 1944 was to have the pilots fly theirfirst five combat missions as co-pilots with a veteran and an experiencedcrew. McGovern was, in his words, "lucky," because his pilot was CaptainHoward Surbeck of Washington state. He was older, twenty-four-years-oldto McGovern s twenty-two, "and he had circles under his eyes and he wasobviously feeling the strain of combat." He had flown 25 missions when McGovernflew with him. It was his tent that Rounds, with McGovern on board, hadtorn in half with his jeep, but Surbeck never mentioned it to McGovern.
Surbeck let McGovern do quite a bit of the flying from his co-pilots seat, sometimes half the mission. The experience taught McGovern "moreabout what it s like to have all that gear on and to go to 25,000 feetin sub-zero temperatures and stay in formation and get shot at and all theother things that go with combat missions." Surbeck "brought me along."
McGoverns first mission was November 11, 1944  Armistice Day. Thenight before he checked and saw his name on the assignment sheet. The morningbegan for him when the operations sergeant came into his tent at 4:00 A.M.to wake him. On his first five missions, Rounds and Adams could stay inthe sack, as they were not going. McGovern went to the mess hall for a powderedegg breakfast. Then he climbed into a truck for the drive to the groups operations room for the briefing. At the door, an MP examined his identificationand checked his name on the assignment sheet, then opened the door so McGovernand those from his truck could enter.
Inside, the 300 or so crew sat on planks placed over cinder blocks.When a staff officer announced that they were all present and accountedfor, the door was locked. The Group commander by the Fall of 1944 was Col.William Snowden. He was in his mid-forties, a "grandfather" figure to thepilots and crews. He had gray hair but a commanding presence. McGovern saidhe had "the total confidence of everyone in our group. A good man and agood leader. Just the way he moved around, he was reassuring without beingcondescending."
When Colonel Snowden strode in, everyone stood at attention. Snowdenclimbed onto
the platform, put the men at ease, and after saying good morning motionedto a member of his staff to pull a draw string. Behind the curtain was alarge map of southern and central Europe. The pilots and crew members sawtheir route and the target drawn on the map with erasable marks. When itwas Vienna, or Munich, or any other target known to be well defended byantiaircraft guns, or if it was four or more hours flying time from Cerignola,a dismal groan slowly became audible, but on this occasion there were murmursof approval because the target was Linz, Austria, not so terribly far away,without any known antiaircraft batteries to fly over, and not so well protecteditself. It could be what the men called a "milk run." Later in the war Linzwould become one of the most heavily defended targets in Europe.
Colonel Snowden got the men to quiet down and gave way to the weatherofficer, who described what the cloud cover and winds were likely to belike over Linz.. Then he went over conditions on the route and what to expecton the way home and what it would be like over Cerignola when they got back.Next the operations officer described the nature of the marshaling yardsthey were going after and explained that the mission was important becausethe Germans were moving men and materiel through Linz on their way to theItalian front. He warned the pilots and bombardiers to make every possibleeffort to avoid hitting the cultural sites and educational buildings. Bythis stage of the war, the bombardiers in the squadron would toggle theirswitches when they saw the lead plane, with the best navigator and bombardier,drop its bombs.
Next the men were told who would be the pilot of the lead plane. Hewas always a good pilot. Sometimes he was a major, but often Colonel Snowdenwould lead the missions  when that happened, the men would again mummertheir approval. The briefing would conclude with the group chaplain leadingthem in a prayer.
Dismissal came from Snowden, but only after he had the men "hack" theirwatches. They would pull the stems of their watches when the second handreached 12. Snowden would have them set the minute and hour hands to correspondto his, then count to ten and call "hack," and they would push the stemsback in. They filed out of the briefing room, to go to another briefing one for pilots and co-pilots, another for radio operators, another fornavigators and bombardiers, still another for gunners.
The men climbed into trucks for the ride to the storage sheds just offthe runway where their flying equipment and parachutes were located. Eachcrew got out and dressed for the mission. They were going up to 20,000 feetor even higher and it was going to be cold up there, between 20 and 50 degreesbelow zero Fahrenheit. McGovern and the others pulled on heavy winter underwear.Next they put on long wool socks and a wool military uniform, slacks andshirts -- olive drab. Then a leather jacket and leather trousers, both linedwith sheepskin, then sheepskin-lined heavy boots. Big, heavy silk-linedleather gloves followed. The sheepskin-lined helmet came down over the ears.Surbeck and McGovern wore Colt .45 pistols in a shoulder holster, then puton backpacks containing their parachutes. The other crew members pickedup their parachutes in chest packs, which they carried into the plane byhand. They could snap them on if needed. The parachute packers made theirstandard joke when giving them out, "If it doesnt work, bring it backand I ll give you another."
Dressed, they walked to their plane on its hard stand. Surbeck, accompaniedby the chief of the ground crew, walked around the B-24, checking it outvisually. The navigator, bombardier, radioman, and gunners would check outtheir equipment.
Later, when the plane had gotten up to 10,000 feet, the pilots and crewput on their oxygen masks. It covered the nose. They plugged electric cordsfrom their electrically heated flight suits into an outlet on the plane the four engines created the power for the electricity. They could adjustthe heat, turning it down a little or up a bit as needed. Below 15,000 feetthe crew took off their oxygen masks. Surbeck and McGovern kept theirs onuntil they were down to 10,000 feet. At that altitude, all the smokers littheir cigarettes. The smoke was so thick it looked like there was a fire.
The bombs had been loaded during the night into the bomb bay by theground crew led by an ordnance officer. They assembled the bombs by takingthe stabilizing fins, stored in a separate box, and screwing them on thebombs. Using winches and tractors, the ground crews had hoisted the unwieldy,blunt-nosed 500 pound bombs into their racks. They were inserted into theB-24's womb in a horizontal position and attached to the metal racks. Theyhad a cardboard tag between the bomb and the nose fuse, and at the backend a wire-arming pin. The tail gunner would crawl out on the cat walk overthe bomb bay door to pull the tag and then the pin.
Climbing into the B-24 with those big heavy boots and the layers ofclothes was always cumbersome, as the men waddled ponderously. They carriedflak jackets, mandatory since Ploesti. The crew members had difficulty gettingthemselves into and adjusted in their cramped positions, especially thenose turret and the tail gunner. The belly turret gunner waited until theywere in the air before squeezing   with the help of the waist gunner into his bubble. Surbeck and McGovern settled into their seats, withtheir parachutes serving as a sort-of back rest. The seats were encasedin cast iron. The iron came up to the knees, then under the seat and upthe back. It was there in the event that flak hit the plane on the bottomside so that, in McGovern s words, "the pilot and co-pilot would havesome chance of survival because somebody has to fly the airplane. It wasnt that they were worth more than anybody else on the crew, but if bothgot killed or badly injured, that plane is going to go down."
The moment Surbeck got into the plane, went to his seat, and put onhis earphones and mike   attached to his helmet  he was, in McGoverns words, "totally in command, of the officers and sergeants." McGovernalready knew that, but watching Captain Surbeck go through his routine reinforcedthe point. McGovern explained, "It had to be that way because the pilotwas the only one with his hands on the controls that determined where theplane was going to go and how it was going to be flown." Of course he hadhelp, especially from the navigator and bombardier, the radio operator andthe flight engineers, "but the request for their help came from Surbeck."It was his job to check on the crew, frequently. He needed to make surethat nobody s oxygen hose had come unhooked; if a tail gunner or someoneelse failed to answer when the pilot called to him on the intercom, he mightwell have passed out from a lack of oxygen or frozen because his electricplug had come out, without ever noticing that his hose or wire was unhooked.These and other things Surbeck did as a matter of routine, McGovern noted.
To get the engines started, Surbeck would signal to the flight engineer,who would start the single-cylinder gasoline-powered unit on the B-24. Itwas called the "putt-putt" and gave a boost to the batteries. Engine numberthree, the one nearest McGovern, started first. It powered the generatorswhich helped start the other engines. When all were operating, Surbeck dida "run up," checking on each engine s performance, magnetos, temperatureand pressure checks of fuel, oil and hydraulic systems. When a flare wentup planes began to move out of their hard stands over the taxiway and ontothe runway, looking like elephants getting ready for a circus parade. Surbeckcalled out the final checklist to McGovern:
"Booster pumps"  "On"
"Mixture"  "Auto rich"
"Props"  "Full high"
"Superchargers"  "Set"
"Half flaps"   "Set"
and so on.
Surbeck lined his plane up on the taxi strip, behind some planes andahead of others  there were 28 in the group, seven in each squadron. The454th Bomb Group was on the other side of the runway, parallel to the 455th,so that the planes from each group could take off side by side. Settingthe brakes, Surbeck pushed the throttle to get the engines running at maximum.When his turn to take off arrived, the roar was almost deafening. The planevibrated as every nut and bolt, every rivet and tube rattled and shook.
Twenty or at most thirty seconds after the plane ahead of him beganto roll down the runway, Surbeck released the brakes. A modern air trafficcontroller, or a pilot of a commercial airliner, would be appalled at thesight, but for the bomber pilots of World War II that was how close to eachother they were. Down the strip Surbeck started rolling, picking up speeduntil he reached 160 mph. He had his flaps set at 20 degrees, brought theengines to maximum power, and at the end of the runway he pulled the noseoff the ground and became airborne. With the bomb load, the full tanks offuel, the weight of the crew and their equipment, including the .50 calibermachine guns and ammunition for them, Surbeck had to fight to gain altitude.It seemed to McGovern that he would not get the plane above tree-top altitude,but he did. Barely, but he did. Once the plane was in the air, even if onlyjust, McGovern as co-pilot had the task of raising the landing gear andbringing up the flaps.
Surbeck circled, as did all the other pilots, their planes looking ratherlike hawks over a marsh. And he climbed. The gunners tested their guns.They were Browning M-2 .50 caliber machine guns. Each gun had about 150working parts and the men had been required to strip and reassemble it blindfoldedwearing gloves. The guns weighed sixty-four pounds and fired 800 roundsof ammunition per minute at a range of 600 yards. Sgt. Louie Hansen, a tailgunner in the 743rd Squadron, once discovered that both his guns were jammed the cocking levers had been put in backward after the guns had been cleanedfrom the previous mission. He described what he did. "There was only spacein the turret to get one hand through to a gun. I did one with my righthand, the other with my left. Sweat started to trickle down my back, mygoggles steamed over which made no difference as there was no way to seewhat I was doing. The intense cold made me afraid to remove my gloves. ButI got the job done and, as most combat crew members know, one can sweatat 50 degrees below." Fortunately for Surbeck and McGovern, the guns ontheir Liberator tested okay.
After an hour or so, Surbecks plane had become a part of the formation.It was a squadron box of seven aircraft. There were two three-plane echelons.The lead plane had a wingman just behind and on either side. Surbeck wasone of those on the wing of the leader. The second echelon was forty feetbelow and forty feet back of the lead echelon. The seventh aircraft, knownas "Tail End Charlie," was behind the second echelon. Flying the wing, evenfor Surbeck, was more difficult than being in the lead, but easier thanflying Tail End Charlie. As the last plane in the squadron, Tail End Charliewas the most vulnerable if German fighters attacked, and it was the hardestposition to hold. Usually new pilots and crews got that assignment. On thewing, Surbeck wanted to stay close to the plane he was flying on so as tomake as small and infrequent power changes as possible, to save the enginesand save fuel. Pilot Lt. John Smith, said that "in due course flying formationbecame a reflex like driving a car." The group consisted of four squadrons,the lead box, the high box, the low box and the middle box.
More climbing, to 20,000 and eventually 25,000 feet over the Adriatic.Then off for the target. When the group got to the initial point it turned.But clouds had moved in over Linz and the lead pilot decided to abort. Heturned, so did the others, and returned to base, still fully loaded withthe bombs.
________________________
McGoverns first mission went better than that of Lt. David Gandin,a navigator in a B-24. In his war diary, Gandin reported that when his Liberator,called the Snafu, was over the target a piece of flak came through the cockpitwindow. The pilot, Lt. Bill Marsh, lost the top of his head. The co-pilot,Lt. Hilary Bevins, was on his first mission. He called to his radio man,who came to the cockpit wearing a walkaround oxygen bottle "and removedMarsh from the pilots seat. Bevins couldn t stand it with Marsh in theseat and all the blood flowing around.
"Bevins moved over to the pilot s seat and kept in the formation untilit headed off.
All the compasses were out, so Bevins flew the opposite direction ofthe setting sun. All the men were freezing because of the hole in the topof the cockpit. The engineer was sick to his stomach from all the blood.Bevins eyeball was scratched and Marshs blood was frozen on his hands."
When darkness descended, Blevin s flew opposite the North Star. FinallySnafu got back to base   but Bevins had never made a night landing before."As he came in, he banked too far to the left and knocked off the left landinggear, bounced over and did the same to the right one; the ship crash-landedand caught on fire.
"Thank God all got out okay, though Bevins wouldn t leave till theytook Marshs body out also. The plane burned to a crisp."
Learning to Fly in Combat2
On November 17, McGovern flew his second mission as Surbeck s co-pilot.The
target was marshaling yards in Gyor, Hungary. Over the target the flakbegan. It was heavy and accurate. Sticking tight to the formation, his planeand the others could achieve a better bomb pattern but it also made a concentratedtarget for the flak gunners. "It was just solid black except for flashesof red where shells were exploding," McGovern remembered. The Germans wereusing a box-type defense. Each of the 88s fired into an area as the bombersapproached, the shells traveling faster than the speed of sound and setto explode at the group s altitude. "They just boxed it." The boxes were2,000 feet deep and 2,000 feet wide, sometimes more. The German antiaircraftunits employed almost a million personnel and operated over 50,000 guns,most of them the dreaded 88s. The shells were time-fused to explode at 20,000feet, or above or below that altitude according to the flight pattern. Asthe shells exploded, sending out hundreds of pieces of steel shrapnel thathad a killing zone radius of some thirty feet, the bombers flew into them."Well they had filled that box," McGovern said. A standard expression fromSurbeck or crew members was that "the flak was so thick you could walk onit." McGovern "often wondered if that s the way hell looks."
Another pilot, Lt. Robert Reichard, recalled that "the barrage was sointense that the daylight disappeared and it was as if someone had cut outthe sun." The B-24's had nowhere to hide and with the ground 25,000 feetbelow, there was no place to dig in. The bursts around them posed a threatto the airplane, as it had ten 500 pound bombs and over 2,000 gallons of100 octane gas on board.
When the bombs dropped the plane jumped a few feet. "Everything improvedwhen they went away," Lt. Vincent Fagan remembered. "The plane was 5,000or 6,000 pounds lighter, we were leaving the flak instead of going intoit and we could take evasive action  usually a diving turn towards theshortest escape route from the flak area."
____________________
One didnt always get out of the flak. On his first mission, October7, 1944, B-24 pilot J.I. Merritt, in Liberty Belle, flew over Vienna tohit an oil refinery. After dropping the bombs, he banked steeply to theleft and headed toward the rally point and home. Sgt. Art Johnson, a waistgunner and assistant engineer, was on his twenty-sixth mission. He recalled,"We had flown through the worst of the flak. I sighed a bit, for this wasmy third time in the vicinity of Vienna and I knew about where the flakbegan and ended." Just then, there were four explosions in quick succession.
Johnson s oxygen hose pulled apart, his gun was knocked out of hishand, and he hit the floor, hard. Luckily his headset stayed connected andhe heard Merritt ask, "Is everyone okay?" Johnson checked the tail gunnerand the ball turret gunner, then pressed his mike. "Pilot from left waist everyone okay back here." But he added, "Number three engine throwingoil and smoke, number four dead, holes in flaps and wings. Over."
Johnson later found out that the first burst had exploded directly infront of the plane and the force of it took the top off the nose turret.The second burst came through and cut the nose wheel and tire in two, cutthe interphone lines to the nose and also the oxygen lines. The third burstripped up the underside of the right wing and exploded in number four engine.The gunner in the top turret, Sgt. Nick Corbo, had just breathed easy andsaid to himself, "Weve made this one," when the bursts came. One pieceof shrapnel exploded through the flight deck. Johnson and the other crewmembers began throwing everything that was loose out of the plane. Ammunition,guns, flak suits, anything and everything that was loose except themselves.Merritt fought the wheel as the plane heaved and slowed to the brink ofstalling. Then it began dropping. Gasoline streamed from the riddled wingtanks, filling the plane with the reek of the fuel. Only one engine wasstill working, and that one hardly was. The plane had dropped from 25,000feet to 12,000 and was still going down. Merritt managed to get up somespeed and cross into Yugoslavia. Down to 2,000 feet and almost out of fuel,he called out over the intercom, "Bail out and good luck!"
Johnson recalled that the right waist gunner was the first out, followedby the tail gunner and the ball turret gunner. "I was alone in back. I facedthe front of the ship and put my head between my knees and out I went. Theslipstream caught me and I went end for end. By the time I had slowed downa bit I had pulled my rip cord. One long pull. I was jerked straight upand down as the silk billowed open and I breathed a prayer of thanks."
Johnson and the others, including Merritt and the co-pilot, landed moreor less intact. They were picked up by partisans who managed to get themback to Italy, but not until November 26.
Lt. Glenn Rendahl, a co-pilot from Hollywood, California, with the 514thSquadron, said that on his first mission, the flak "exceeded whatever weexpected." On McGoverns second mission one bomber of the group was lost.Again there were clouds, but the lead bomber had the Mickey radar and usedit to find the railroad and dropped his bombs. The twenty-seven planes followingdid also. But because of the clouds, no observation of results could bemade.
________________
On his first mission, navigator Pepin of the 741st saw a lot of flak,saw some B-24's get hit, but his plane managed to drop its bombs successfully.He felt a sense of joy as the plane headed home. The bomb bay doors wereclosing and the aircrafts speed was increasing. "The going-home sightof the Alps in the early afternoon was far more beautiful than the morningone." The radiomen tuned to the Armed Services Radio station in Foggia andover the intercom the crew listened to the latest hit records. Both dangerand the crews stamina diminished on the home-bound run and "our elationand silliness increased." Everyone was "tired, hungry and thirsty," as theirbreakfast and coffee had been hours ago. Finally Pepin could see Cerignolaand his plane circled the field. Then, and on later missions, "My favoritesight and sound was hearing the tires touch the steel mat on landing andseeing the props come to a halt." After nine hours of "grueling, horrendous,nerve-wracking flying, the mission was over."
________________________
For Sgt. Robert Hammer, now a radio operator with the 742nd Squadron,his first mission was in late September: target, the airfield outside Munich.Two of the men in his crew, a bombardier and a flight engineer, were ontheir last missions before going home. A fighter escort joined them "andwe were bouncing gaily along in the blue" when dead ahead a thick, coal-blackcloud appeared. "Take a good look at it, fellows," the veteran bombardiercalled over the intercom, "because it s flak and youll be seeing plentyof it from now on." Hammer was appalled to see the squadron of B-24's aheadfly directly into the stuff. Fools, he thought. Why don t they just flyaround it? He saw two planes get hit and start down. Shortly after, "wewere heading for that same suicidal cloud."
The plane started "bucking like a rodeo bronco." There was a crack.Hammer looked quizzically at the veteran engineer, who pointed to a holean inch long and a quarter-inch wide made by shrapnel. After what seemedan eternity that in fact had lasted for less than ten minutes, the bombswere away and Hammers plane turned for home. "We were combat veteransnow."
__________________________
Radio operator Sgt. Howard Goodner flew his first mission in October,1944. His plane was a B-24 flown by Lt. Richard Farrington, his squadronwas the 787th, a part of the 466th Bomb Group, Eighth Air Force. Low cloudscovered the airfield and when Farrington got his craft off the ground, hecould not see. Flying blind as he climbed, relying on his instruments, followinghis heading, Farrington was quickly covered with sweat. Up, up, up he went,until he got above the clouds. No amount of practice could have preparedthe pilot and crew for what they encountered   B-24's, glittering likemica, were popping up out of the clouds over here, over there, everywhere.They formed up and straightened out for the target. Farrington called outover the intercom, "This is it, boys. Were on our way to the war."
Ahead shells were bursting all over the sky, sending out shards of shrapnel.The lead squadron of B-24's penetrated the flak. "Mary, Mother of God,"one crew member mumbled into the intercom. "Mary, Mother of God, get meout of this." Farrington took them right into it. Jarring detonations eruptedaround them. The plane bumped and shuddered. But it kept flying straightand level, until the bombs were released. Farrington banked, got away fromthe flak, and headed home. Sergeant Goodner reached into his jacket pocketfor the Tootsie Roll he carried with him. It was frozen solid. When theplane landed, Goodner had his first mission behind him.
_____________________________
On November 18, McGovern was Surbecks co-pilot on another milk run.The target was the German airfield near Vicenza, Austria. The weather wasfair and the bombing was visual. Over 50 per cent of the bombs fell in thetarget area causing extensive damage to the installation. Flak was lightand generally inaccurate. No German fighters were seen. The group returnedto Cerignola without casualties.
McGovern flew again the next day and it was no milk run. The targetwas a refinery near Vienna. Because of cloud cover, the lead plane usedits Mickey and no results were seen, but dropping bombs by radar insteadof visually meant few of them hit what they wanted to hit and the damagewas minimal. Flak was intense but inaccurate and all planes returned tobase.
On November 20, on McGovern s final mission as a co-pilot, the targetwas factories at Zlin, Czechoslovakia. It was a secondary, or alternative,target, but the original objective had been obscured by clouds, so the leadpilot took the group to Zlin. There the weather was clear and the bombingwas done visually, with excellent results. Best of all, there was no flakover Zlin. All planes returned safely.
After debriefing, McGovern would meet with Rounds, Adams, and his crew.They fired questions at him about what it was like, most of all the flak."They were filled with questions every day," McGovern recalled, "waitingfor me when I came back."
Once the session was over, McGovern would steer his way into the officers club for a Coca-Cola or a beer. There he would listen to the veteranpilots talk and ask his own questions. It was shop talk. From almost everyone of the discussions he would absorb information. The topics were theB-24's, the crews, the Germans. What rpm at what altitude? Why was thisgauge or that instruments malfunctioning? Is there any way to stay straightand level over the target and still avoid the flak? How long can an enginebe on fire before it detonates the gas tank? What can you do when a bombgets stuck in the bomb bay? How does the plane fly with only three enginesoperating? With two? When the hydraulic system has leaked or been shot out,how do you get the wheels down?
McGovern had flown four missions on four days. These consecutive missionswere about the absolute limit. They left the pilot and his crew haggard,worn, jumpy, frazzled and spent. But each one of the attacks counted towardthe thirty-five missions that, when completed, would allow McGovern to returnto the States. When he had time to write to Eleanor, McGovern noted thenumber in his letter   number five after the mission to Zlin.
"I worried, as any wife would," Eleanor said three decades later. "Iwould feel a stab of fear whenever someone knocked at the door or the telephonerang. The first thing I would do when I got a letter from George was toscan through it for a number   the number of missions completed. Thatwas the first thing I wanted to know. Then Id go back to read the letter."
___________________________
On December 16, radio operator Sgt. Mel TenHaken flew his first mission,against a refinery at Brux, Czechoslovakia. Because the crew were new, thepilot, Lieutenant Cord, was a veteran ofthirty-one missions. TenHaken s regular pilot flew as co-pilot that day. There was another newcomer, aphotographer on his seventeenth mission. Theirs would be one of the lasttwo planes on the bomb run and his photos would be among the official recordsof the raid s effect.
When the Group formed up and headed toward the target, TenHaken saw"a seemingly endless line of planes. I had never seen this many in one placeat one time." He thought that "obviously Rosie the riveter back home hadbeen very busy." The bombers were at 25,000 feet, just below the 26,000-footceiling for the craft.
On his B-24, TenHaken was in charge of the haff, what he had called"Christmas tree tinsel" back home. Its purpose was to confuse German radar,which otherwise would lock onto the group and know what altitude to setthe fuses for the shells to explode. The chaff was in packets, each onewrapped and tied with a plain brown band, each one crimped to open in thewind and allow the foil to drift down in individual pieces. Most veteransthought the chaff didnt do much if any good, but they tossed them outof the plane with great gusto anyway.
When his plane got to the initial point and turned, then straightenedfor the bomb run, TenHaken saw "numerous little puffs ahead forming a blackcloud shaped like an elongated shoe box." The leader of his squadron wasflying through it. Those behind were about to enter the German box. It wastime to pull the flak jackets on. These were for the crew, whose membersdid not have the cast iron protection the pilot and co-pilot did. The jacketsconsisted of irregularly shaped metal plates stitched between two sheetsof canvas to form a vest. To TenHaken, "their purpose seemed primitive,identical to that of suits of armor." They weighed about twenty pounds each.Most veterans decided early on not to wear them, but to put them betweentheir seats and their butts, thus protecting the most important part.
Over the target, with flak bursting from the shells all around his plane,TenHaken started dropping the chaff packets through one of the waist windows.After dropping one, he tried to count to ten as he had been told beforeletting the next one go, but in the midst of the flak he seldom got pasttwo or three. Then the plane to his right got hit. "A flak explosion atits number three engine had blown the right wing from the body. The scenewas incomprehensible   the wing tumbled over and down, and the fuselagewas nosing into a dive." There were no parachutes. "The bam-bam-bams andpoof-poof-poofs were exploding everywhere; it was inconceivable to fly throughthis unscathed."
The bomber lurched. Have we been hit? TenHaken wondered. Through theintercom, he heard the bombardier say, "Bombs away." ("The most beautifulwords in the English language," according to one pilot). Then the bombardiercontinued, "Now let s get the hell out of here." After a pause, he cameon the intercom again to say, "I wasn t supposed to add that last part."
Lieutenant Cord banked the plane into a steep dive to the right. TenHakenthought, thank you, God. Cord came on the intercom to ask each crew memberto report any damage. None. When they were out of the flak, TenHaken liftedhis oxygen mask and shouted above the engine noise to the photographer,"Youve been through seventeen of these now. Was this flak typical, lighter,worse, or what?" The photographer grinned and shouted back, "It wasntlight. Each mission seems to get worse, but I can t believe they couldget more up here than they did."
Over the intercom, Cord asked, "Flight engineer back there?" He wantedto know what the trouble was with the gas gauges. Number three engine sputteredand quit. "Get something to three," Cord ordered.
"Im trying," the engineer answered. "Im trying."
Cord realized what had happened. On the intercom he said, "The bastardshit our gas lines over the target. They ve just vibrated loose."
The number two engine quit. The engineer repeated that he was tryingto transfer the gasoline flow. He could not.
"We re losing altitude and control," Cord yelled. "We re at sixteenthousand; a couple seconds back, we were at eighteen." He added, "Standby to bail if necessary."
Then number four engine quit. Then number one. There was a long momentof quiet, only the sound of the wind that buffeted the plane about in theglide. Then "the terrible clanging of the bail-out bell crashed the quiet."
Everyone got out okay, landed safely, and became POWs. For TenHaken,the co-pilot, and the rest of the crew, it was their first mission. It wasnumber thirty-two for Lieutenant Cord. For the photographer, number seventeen.For all of them, it was the last.
"Anon" made up words to sing to the tune of "As Time Goes By":
You must remember this
The flak cant always miss
Somebodys gotta die.
The odds are always too damned high
As flak goes by. . .
Its still the same old story
The Eighth gets all the glory
While were the ones who die.
The odds are always too damned high
As flak goes by.
Learning to Fly in Combat3
Once in the fall of 1944 McGovern went up in a practice run, with onlyhis co-pilot, Bill Rounds and his navigator, Sam Adams, along. McGovernwas upset with Rounds because while McGovern was flying co-pilot with Surbeck,Rounds used his free time to go into Cerignola to find a girl. He contractedVD and had to be treated with sulfa powder. McGovern was about ready tokick him off the plane. But on this practice mission, which was done primarilyto give the co-pilots who had not yet been flying some experience, Roundsdid most of the flying. "He took that plane as if hed been doing thisall his life," McGovern said. "I think I couldve done as well, but I couldnt have done any better and I had a lot of practice." Rounds just tuckedinto position and held it there. That night, the pilot of the lead plane,a captain, came to McGovern in the officers club to say, "You know, George,you ve got one hell of a valuable co-pilot. He flies the best formationof any co-pilot I ve seen. That guy is tremendous  you better hold ontohim with both hands." Right then, McGovern decided to forget about Roundss VD. He figured he had better let the man do what he wanted on his offhours.
___________________________
Lt. Donald Currier was a part of one of the first B-24 squadrons ofthe Fifteenth Air Force to arrive in Italy and thus flew his first missionin January, 1944, one of the first of his group. It was two days after hissquadron had arrived in Italy. The target was the railroad yards in Perugia,just off the Tiber River, in support of the ground troops. But when thebombers arrived, it was snowing. Landmarks were obscured. The lead navigator,having no radar (which only came nine months later), was unable to see anythingbut clouds. Currier was the navigator flying in the B-24 on the wing ofthe lead plane. "I looked desperately for something I could see and recognize,"he recalled, but he saw nothing.
The lead plan opened his bomb bays. The bombardier in Currier s planefollowed the leader. He put his finger on the toggle switch. When the leaderdropped his bombs, he and the other bombardiers did the same. Currier sawthe bombs fall in open countryside. He saw some bursts of flak on one sideand far away and thought, I don t know why the Germans bothered. We certainlydidnt do them any harm. He and the pilot and crew resolved "we would goagain and again until we got it right."
Currier would go on to make a career in the Air Force. Looking backfour decades, he said that in his experience "it seems incredible that wewould be flying a combat mission with so little training or experience."But that was how badly the Fifteenth needed pilots and crews in January1944. It was because of that need that the AAF instituted the policy ofrequiring just-arrived pilots to fly as co-pilots for five missions beforetaking up their own plane and crew, since the men had gone through the speeded-uptraining program in 1944. In 1945 the commanders changed policy again, puttingnew pilots and their crews into action as soon as they arrived in Italy.And it was the casualty list that forced the commanders of the bomb groupsto keep demanding more replacements.
Bombardier Lt Donald Kay arrived in Italy in May 1944 and was assignedto the 783rd Squadron, 465th Bomb Group. Of the three classmates in bombardierschool who came over with Kay and were close friends, two were killed inthe air and the other became a POW. Overall, Kay recalled that of the seventeenoriginal crews that started the war with him, only six finished.
Sgt. Anthony Picardi of the 455th Bomb Groups 742nd Squadron (whohad visited his familys village and met his grandmother) saw a B-24 crashon the runway while trying to take off for a mission. It blew up on impact.Nine of the ten crew members were blown to bits. But one had "his arms blownoff from the elbow down and his legs blown off from the knees down. He wasactually crawling away from the inferno. He was digging into the dirt withthe stubs of his elbows, trying to survive. Right then and there, I realizedjust how precious life is. He crawled right up to us, looked us straightin the eyes, and then closed his eyes forever."
For McGovern, on his first five missions as Surbeck s co-pilot, thingswere not so rough. He saw some flak, went through it, and got out of itsafely. The B-24 did not take one hit. "I felt rather secure after flyingthose missions," McGovern said. I could observe all those things withouthaving the responsibility of handling the plane myself. I picked up a lotof touches." This was not practice flying in Idaho. This was Europe andthe formation was much bigger  sometimes 500 or 600 planes. After completinghis five missions as Surbecks co-pilot, McGovern said, "I felt comfortableto take that plane up with my own crew an He summed up what he had learnedfrom observing Surbeck: "I heard through the ear phones how he handled theradio transmissions to the tower and to the lead plane. I saw how he broughtthe plane into formation, how slowly or swiftly he got that done, I watchedhim to see what he was looking at and listened to the way he was handlingthe crew   everything he said, I could hear through my earphones. . .I saw how he flew formation in various positions, on the left side one dayand the next he might be in the middle, the next day on the right wing.I could observe all those things without having the responsibility of handlingthe plane myself. I picked up a lot of touches." This was not practice flyingin Idaho. This was Europe and the formation was much bigger  sometimes500 or 600 planes. After completing his five missions as Surbecks co-pilot,McGovern said, " I felt comfortable to take that plane up with my own crewand get it into formation and get off on a combat mission."
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װɨױ۵ġзʽ̹ˣͨʱɨױĴͨ·
װװõġ㡱ʽ̹ˣ
װһֶ;̹ˣװйཬС豸̹Ĳ
ˡзʽ̹⣬ص̹˶Ӣ𼪶ʽ̹˸װġΪá𼪶ʽ̹˾͵ѵǵֺ̹άԱҪһ׸ӵϵͳǾܾˡҪǡ̹ˡһʱذǵ·ڡлʽ̹ϣǺܻܿǡ
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ءɭ¼Һͬɸ̸һҪ߰ɭļСʱǶôĽȡΪǷѲӳʮֿգԸǵĲվסš
ǿվס˽š1 30֣ҽӵ޷ĵϢεס˺̲̲ĸߵͦҵĲıȶءɭ̲Բ쿴ǵıԤڵĻҪֹ̲ۡԺأǵĲռһһһڵƽǵı棬Ҵ˷̲ͷ
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ҳΪ齨Ĳӵ̲ĽսȥȷĸеʹȥĲӣǽĵ5 ˾͸ĵ29ʦΪʲôɵӢսġһʦȥԮԭﵺսһһʦڵ˵ǹֵˡлϵۣʦ
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ǳʫͱͶ̤ó̡һ̣ΪͶٽʵ˹ϺΡ׿˹ʿѸǹѵĽͶٷˡ
12ɵǹӾǹ3 죬ǹȺɽлص  ڶ糿صıֽۣͶ°ŦԼʱģ
ʷѾ˫ӵ˰Ͷٽĵλι̵ġΰľ½нǰé  Զս֮ǰͶپһעĿǹڽ顣һսʿ׳嶯ڼ֮һģܸжᣬһĻĻ塣սгͶп飬Ŀ׷ᶨơһֻ֪ƴָ̹ӹ٣һıԶǵľ¼ҡ
սϣͶǼԵĴ׵ԼʿĶ־" 쵰ǵĴ̵ӦԥشЩֵš" ڰͶµһλʿ˱İͶٷˡ벻ʲôολҵݵĽķˣǽ˽Ĺ£
죬ǵĳǡһճʻϵ漴"쵰Ͽ³ѳȥ" ǰ˵ˡƳʱŷ֣ߵĺһƳλɷǵģˣ"
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101 ʦʿ׼ǻ
̹ɹʦ˹˹˹ƣӢ̹ɵһ̹ˡɭ̹˺Ҳģ300 ʽл̹˸װ̹ˡػΪƺƼ˼;ġ̹ˡ
װɨױ۵ġзʽ̹ˣͨʱɨױĴͨ·
װװõġ㡱ʽ̹ˣ
װһֶ;̹ˣװйཬС豸̹Ĳ
ˡзʽ̹⣬ص̹˶Ӣ𼪶ʽ̹˸װġΪá𼪶ʽ̹˾͵ѵǵֺ̹άԱҪһ׸ӵϵͳǾܾˡҪǡ̹ˡһʱذǵ·ڡлʽ̹ϣǺܻܿǡ
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Ȼֱ̲һΡֱ죬һ뵽19446 6 ﷢飬ͻеһʹࡣλص̲ͷʿԶǡҲЩһʤ֮յǡ죬̤ϡ̲ˣӢۺú
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ڿêأȫںϿڶɵĿ֮С3 6Ӣ߸ߵͷǵս佢˴ڵҹõ½êأΣķǵĲصװҵĽֻܿ͸еܣʪδװ64̲ͷ̹˵16̹˵½ںϾҵصţ׾ƶšѹ̲32̹ϰˮǻǵؾ̫޷ںˮ28ֱ̹Ϻ̲̲32̹У29밶2 Ӣĺˮ⣬뺣ף3 ֱϺ̲һʣ5 װ105 ׻ڵļʮܳҲûֻһ̹˺ܳ̲
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82սʦʿս
̲ʵġݡʷѧҹɭд֮¹Ϊ׼ڱ𴦴δ̵ĵձƵͱķҲȡ
6 30֣޵5 ĵһ̲˵طЩͻӰ˹ص29ʦ116 źɡһʦĵ16ţоѵרűƵˮϰĹӡЩ⵽˵ĻǹȻںͻڵмʮˣںȻ跨ըˮϰ˼ͨųϰĹȴС޴Σɳ̲Ϻǳˮеˣ޷Ҳ޷ڸǳĵ½档̹˶١ûд֧ԮСʱڣ̲ѪˮȾˡ
ĳЩ棬ǻˡŵ׵ĵ¹վѱȳԶĻءȫƿȨڹʼգ¹ɻڡ̲͡жûɴĸš¹Ҳδáǵĵ¾ǱͧͿͧ׵رˡV-1 V-2 ʱδ׼δ¶ı𶯶( ʼյӢҵ֮һ) ˶źǵľڣ6 žͻǼٵġԭǵ߸ӣ¶ĲںҰ6 Ŵе4 ţ񵯰ըˡ
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82սʦ׼ŵ
ǿվס˽š1 30֣ҽӵ޷ĵϢεס˺̲̲ĸߵͦҵĲıȶءɭ̲Բ쿴ǵıԤڵĻҪֹ̲ۡԺأǵĲռһһһڵƽǵı棬Ҵ˷̲ͷ
ҹ䣬ƱöˡӢʤˡʱ3 5 ǧ˵½һƬ5 Ӣ1 ӢʬҰĺ̲Ϊ˴ӵжȡ̣˽2500( δõȷ) Ҳȥˡ
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ȥӢ·ϣһμĺս
㽭ҽԺһԺ87Ļ͢ÿ綼ҪΣɻԱŵ԰һԺʿʱ˻᳣ʱ̵¡սڼ䣬Ϊй͵Ӣѧϰĺ٣ӢĺĸϷۣμӹŵ׵½ڵһЩոŷ޴½սڶԼ߻ʱڵ˲ϣͷ΢΢𣬳üµ۾ǰƺһĻӳ60ǰʷؿ˹ȥһĻһĻ
͢εϼڰʡС1936꣬19Ļ͢δȫʡõѧбҵȡൺѧУ˵ʱУ뷨ʵһЩͨͥĺһǲٸӾøУǸѧѵġ
ൺֻ͢һ飬ΪձԾɽൺѧУǨĴءԺൺѧУû͢ѧУһҵԭѧУҪ4 ꣬һ굽ʵϰǣغͳζڴ̣͢ζ3 ûʵϰͱҵˡ
ʵϰûоϣ͸˵ϵˡǣѧУҵĻֵ͢ɶ½ѧУΪ17ѧԱ1942꣬ҵʱ򣬹񵳾ίԱѡһЩٵӢѧϰ
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ڼӶϻ𳵵ȴ̴ɴӣȻڽӵĻһͬǰӢʱ¹ǱͧԷ˹ͬ˹ʵкϷ̴кӻŰȫ֣͢1 Ѳ󽢺7 𽢻û뵽ڵк˵¹Ǳͧ͢ƽһοĺսǱͧһ𽢸ǱͧĿꡢָʾһˮը¹ǱͧսĽǵ¹Ǳͧ˩z
1944궬͢սֵ
й˵һβμӺʵսڡսۡ
194310£йٵӢé˹ۣӢһ˾ܿ죬ǽ˸λʼҺѧԺһйࡱʼѧϰ
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ɳ˹ءźӢ漴ϮŲİۡһһġ㡱ʽɻӺĸɣö1600ըͶڸСˡĵ¹Ͼ޽ݶȡսн4.1 ֵľ޽ըһѷֱսҲδ޸¹Ҳ˷񷴻սУֵĹɭһ
ۿ˵¾ǱͧǱ쾯壬½ǰϮءһܣöײϱӹࡣ
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͢ϵһġСߡŵͺĸּ25ܷɻ
ߡŵʱִеĶǻûоʱѵҲƵÿҪһΡĸѵǷɻͽϵϵԱͽָԱԷһӷֱ͢ڽϵҪǺֵںϵĽǶȺϲʣڱеλöԲԣֵٸںĸֵǼ򵥵飬ĸݷˮе״̬Ӷ֤ɻ˳𽵡
͢ں֪²μŵ׵½жġΪжŵ׵½սƻǳʤġ˹˾׼׶βȡһϵαװƭʩɵ¾жϴΪ˹˾Ľصڼֻһװʦŵפ19446 6 գɭͻȻ췴˹˾ŵף¾׼Ԫ˧¡ڵ¹Ϊӹաܿ죬˹˾ŭӿϺͻ˵¾ġݡӴˣ˹¹ӢӵļлУѸ
ߡִеֵ֧½ҪΧǱֹ¹Ǳͧ½ж鷳͢λ˵19446 5 ϣߡŴӱ˹سƵӢϿɱ߮Ǹʱ򣬵¹ĺѾˣûзʲϣ͢ûֵ࣬ڶ磬ʱϢ˵˾Ѿŵ׳ɹ½ˡ͢β֪ڽʵϰйȫμŵս۵ĺսеѲ󽢺ϣеսнϣеںĸϣֱڻ¬󡢹ɭڵľһߣڻ̲ɭڸڳλָӷǧڵݻ˵¾İʩһڲ׷սУһҵ¹;4 䴬
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һ϶ս
ŵ׵½󣬻͢νž桰ߡŲμ˷˹˾ڷϲ׸۸ĵ½սʱ194410¡͢˵ǵ4 Һĸһ˱ӣһǿֱӲμսˣȻҪɷɻ¾ߣڻ½¹ʱѻûʲսˣ˹ͬ˹Ĵֻ衣׵½ʱȫǷ˹ͬ˹̴
ϲ½ʤ󣬡ߡſ䣬ֳɽִۣз˹˾ϣϣ򣬻͢ε˿ص⺣ߡŵǿͶϣԱǻعؽ1944ףߡŻصӢ͢Ҳںĸϵķ۾һУ͢κͬѧȫѧϰʽĺγ̡
һѧϰ󣬻ֱ͢ɵӢ̫ƽ󽢶ӲμӶսûϵ˾ڵأձͶˡһѲʵϰԽϵɱձĺغۡ
1946죬͢δۻذϼ̽ף׼ʱӵ˹񵳾ίԱ񣬵ӢӻءššԭӢкӵ콢ɽ󡱺ţսΪӢŷ޵й̴ĲӢѡšй
ӽйٱӢոԵĸλѧϰ1 ꣬ڼ͢ǰ˽ȥһε¹ӻ۵͢οսĲп᣺ûһõģϵĳӼ˲СԵ¹˵ʳǳӢʿһţ̾͡ͿԻ¹֮Ʒ
1948ع󣬻͢ڹ񵳺սβıϺźμžĺλšǹҵ񳤡ѧԺԱ1958͢תҵط飬ǰں˿ѧԺӢԺʮֹġ
վսʿ¸η
ʷѧҡʷС˵ʷٷҡ˹ǰ֮ʱΪսʷѧ̸ⲻΪ˵20ಿشƷ漰սʷʵ岿ΪŦԼʱеһĳ飬ǡֵ˥ʹʷٷҳΪսȨҡ
ҹĶڸոʷٷҡֵС˵İԼHBOιͬӾȲ֮ߵһ֮վսʿ1944-1945ʻB-24ըԽ¹ϿյǡС˵İ棬йѧƳ
λʷѧҼ泩ҵı£ҹ߽ͬһ˽Ϊ֪Ķսڼ䱻ΪߡB-24ͺըĹ¡
һȺڶսмʻB-24ըˣΣִһһΣա̵ľ񣬳ų50% ʣΪһ֧ǷĿСֵУһķ񡪡ϸϸĸдȺܳӢ¡󵨡ѵأԼֵ֮ꡣʵսʱսյ֣ѶߴӵխּΣյB-24ڣŻԱŨŨĺʱķջӽĿ꣬ݻٵ¹սеŷɻܻû
վսʿҪʼΧһСŮŵB-24ը741 жӷԱΡĵĹչλϴݵСӣʻB-24ըʱ20ꡣҳΪ߷ʮѫ£18000B-24վԱУ˼֮һڶսڼ35εķоԼ1972ѡͳĴɫʣһЩҪΪ׫дսĻ¼ֱʷٷҡ˹1999ҵڱ¶һֱϣʷٷдⱾ顣ǣڿ˹İ£130Ԫ޸ΨһһܻܷеB-24ɻڡսʱڵķɻϷеĸִ̼ʼÿ߸СʱפϹũ֯ΡĵĲɷáֲɷ߸ܵɷðɭʱĲͬҲͬǧսϱ̸ȵر֮
˹šۡվսʿ˵ĸоǼȲ֣޲ʱҲ۴顰ҪǼעһҳҳϸʵʷٷҵĶ˵վսʿȷһŻ硭˲Ĺ¡𡶽
6 £ֵڶսŵ׵½60ꡣɴ˽ҿӶս귴˹սʤ60ļĻ֮ʱվսʿİˡɺϵǣηӳվԱӢս¼ʵ£ǡǡҲ60ꡣ۶ҹߣЩΪսʤ׵ġվսʿǣ塣ĳñʷٷУԼǰÿһβɷöսϱ֮ظǾ仰ллΪӮսӶһС
½ŵ׵й
1943꣬ڶս뷴׶ΣйĿսڡֽ׶ΡίԱᾭﱸٿһּڼǿر顣ɹʶǲһӢѧΪķչ׼
漴ίԱﱸѡһ꺣ȥӢѧ졣ͨϸɸѡǧѡ85ˣ25ȥӢһаӢʼҺĴͳҪѵѧϰѵһӢʼҺսʱҪս۴;ʵϰ
սͱ
ɭ21ѧӢйȫμŵս۵ĺսеѲ󽢺ϣеսнϣеںĸϣֱڻ񡣹ɭδսбֳɫָӷڵǧݻٴ¾İʩһڲ׷սУһҵ¹;4 䴬
21йʼղμⳡģǰĴսһʵսʵϰַ֮ظκѧԺѧϰתӴé˹רѧУרסѶͺշеרҵ˺սѵרҵ졣
桰ءŻ𼪶
ءŵ׵½½ǰսеĳɫ֣˾ָӲΡ1945ءŻӢ𼪶ĴŲμŶ顣ɭ桰ءŽ޵˳񷵵׶ظۺ𼪶Ӽˡءȫ١21й19462 ¾۷
ѧɻع˲μ񺣾
ѧɻع̵õ񵳺ãܿ챻䵽ӵνı̹ٵְЩ򣬲μӵ񺣾
¬  عڹ񵳺ȺιУı˾Уս19492 25գ񵳺Ѳ󽢡족壬μ񺣾δѧУϵΡϾѧԺϵѧḱΡѧԺѧоְ19837 ¼йȺνʡЭίԱȫЭ߽ίԱ1997ڱš
ɭ 1949 4 ²μйϺ֯Ļ8 ¼뻪Ϊ콢ϲνë󶫵ȵ͹쵼εýιۡ1955꣬κͧѧԺ̹٣ϵΣһȻ㺣١1985ӽͧѧԺоԱλݡ
 1949 5 ²μӻξѧԺϵԱѧԺֽҸΣд̲ϰ֣ΪȽԱ10ǰʡ
͢ 1949 7 ²μӻλŸǹҵ񳤡ѧԺԱ1958תҵ˿ѧУθУݡ


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